US15861A - Nut-machine - Google Patents

Description

W. E. WARD.

Nut Machine.

Patented Oct. 7.1856.

zwi/vf.; $55

N. PETERS. Pmwmhagmplwr. Washington, D. C.

UNITED sTATEs PATENT onirica WILLIAM` E. WARD, OF PORT CHESTER, NEW YORK.

NUT-MACHINE.

Speccation of Letters Patent No. 15,861, dated` October 7, 1856.

To all whom t may concern:

Be itknown that I, VILLIAM E.` VARD, of `Port Chester, in the State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Cutting, Punching, and Forging or Swaging Nuts or lVashers, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making `part of this specification, in which;

taken at the lines A, a, and B, b, of Fig. 2,

and looking in the direction of the arrows; and Fig. 6, represents separate views of such of the cams as do no-t clearly appear in the other gures. y s y The same letters indicate like parts inall the figures.

In my said machine the nut blanks are formed from a bar of heated iron or suitable size which is presented to the face of a die and in succession pushed forward against a gage by an operator. A nut blank is cut off from the end of the bar by a punch and die of the form of the circumference of the nut, and as this is forced through and discharged, by the continuation of the` same motion and by another and parallel punch the hole is punched in the bar for the next` nut blank. As the nut blanks are in succession discharged (from the die in which they are cut they are taken by a pair of jaws and transferred to, and held in front of, a central 'mandrel which is forced into the central hole thereof, to hold and turn it during the after operations. :The punched and cut nut being thus held and turned by the mandrel it is swaged on the two `faces by sliding swages which are operated inthe line ofthe axis of the mandrel, and it is also forged on the edges by two hammers which work in opposite directions, and simultaneously, and at right angles to the axis of the mandrel which is occasionally turned to present the several faces of thenut to the action of the hammers whether the nuts be square, hexagonal, octagonal or of other number of sides, or if round to present in succession the several parts ofthe circumference.` L

In the' accompanying drawings a represents a frame which may be of any suitable form, with a vertical cross channel b made in the upper' part in which the bar of heated iron from which the nuts are to be c ut is presented and held by the attendant. one of the vertical faces of this channel is fitted the die c which is held in place by a keyor other suitable means. This die is formed with two apertures side by side `(see Fig. 5) the one d round and of the size of the central hole in the nuts to be made, and the other c square and a little larger than the int-ended size of the nuts. The holes in the dies are extended through the solid part of the metal in which the die is` embedded as shown in Fig. 3 where they are indicated In i by the same letters as the holes in the die.

There is a stop or gage f, projecting from the face of the die, and at one edge of the square hole e against which the attendant spending in` size, form, and position, with the holes in the die, and these punches are both tted (in any suitable manner `to admit of being changed) to the forward end of a metallic stock z', adapted to slide longit-udinally and accurately in one of the head stocks of the frame, so that the punches will move accurately in the line of the corresponding holes in the die. The `outer. end of the stock z', is connected by strong jointlinks y', j, with the upper arm of a strong lever la, which turns on a fulcrum pin Z, and the lower arm of this lever has a strong projecting wrist or pin m, which is made to bear against the face of a rim cam n, on the end of the cam shaft 0 by the tension of a spring p, linkedto the lower arm of the said lever. This cam is represented as developed at n, in Fig. 6, and as this cam rotates and its face from 1 to 2 passes by the wrist or pin m, the punches are held stationary at their greatest distance from` the die, sothat the attendant can push the end of the bar of iron against the gage 7"; the face of the cam then rises in a gradual plane from 2 to 3,`to force the square punch through the bar of iron and into the square hole of the die to punch out a piece of iron of nearly the size of the intended nut and force itthrough the hole to discharge it on the other side where it is received and transferred to the after operations in manner to be hereinafter described. The same action forces the round punch through the bar of iron to punch the round hole for the next nut to be cut off at the next operation. The cam from 3 to 4, recedes for the purpose of drawing back the punches so far that the bar of iron can be pushed between the die and the round punch and against the square punch to gage the place Where the first round hole is to be punched in the end of a fresh bar. From the point 4 to 5, the cam retains the punches in a fixed position and from 5 to the place of beginning the face of the cam recedes to draw back the punches to their utmost rear position. After the first hole has been punched in a bar, the attendant at the subsequent operations pushes the end of the bar against the gage before described. In this way the whole length of the bar is made use of. As the square punch cuts off' one nut, the round punch punches the central hole in the bar for the nut to be cut off at the next operation by the square punch; but if the bar at the commencement was pushed against the gage f, the first piece cut off would be wit-hout a central hole, this I avoid by giving to the punches a rest in their back motion so that when a fresh bar is introduced the attendant can make use of the square punch as a gage by which to set the bar for the punching of the first hole. As 'the punched nut blank is discharged in front by thesecond motion of the square punch it is forced between and held by a pair of spring jaws g, on the end of an arm r, on a rock shaft s, which is provided with another arm t, connected by a joint link u, with the outer end of a lever o. This lever turns on a fulcrum pin at fw, and is provided with a pin see Fig. 2, which rests on the periphery of a cam y, on the cam shaft 0. The form of this cam represented at y, Fig. 6, is concentric from the point 1 to 2, to hold up the spring jaws in front of the square hole through which the out nut blank is discharged and from 2 to l, there is a depression to permit the jaws to descend by the gravity of the parts to carry the nut blank down to the required position for the insertion of the mandrel in the central hole thereof. The extent of the downward motion of the spring jaws is gaged by a gaged set screw e, tapped into the arm 1^, of the jaws, and the head acts as a gage by coming in contact with the head of one of the hammers to be presently described. But the motion may be gaged in any other manner.

So soon as the nut blank is carried down by the spring jaws the mandrel a is forced into its central hole to hold it, and the jaws are then lifted up out of the way of the hammers andto their original position preparatory to receiving another nut blank. The end of the mandrel a which fits into the central hole of the nut is pointed, and, back of the point, slightly tapering so that it may enter ther hole freely and hold the nut when forced in. Back of this part the mandrel is of an enlarged size and cylindrical, and passes through and slides freely, but accurately, in one of the hollow cylindrical face swages b, to be presently described. And the back end of this mandrel is connected by a joint link c', with the end of the upper arm of a lever cl', that turns on a fulcrum pin e, the end of the lower arm being provided with a wrist or pin which, by Vthe tension of a spring g', is made to bear against the face of a rim cam f', on the cam shaft 0, by which the lever is operated to work the mandrel. The form of this cam is represented as developed at f in Fig. 6. From the point l to 2 it presents a plane inclined to the plane of rotation to force the mandrel into the hole of the nut blank, and from 2 to 3 it is slightly depressed to draw back the mandrel and bring the nut blank in line between the hammers (to be presently described) which forge the edges; and then from the point 3 to 4, the said cam is in the plane of rotation to keep the nuttin place, and from 4 the face of the cam recedes to the place of beginning to draw the mandrel out of the nut blank by which it is discharged.

The sleeve b which surrounds the mandrel is a hollow cylinder fitted to slide accurately, but freely, on the mandrel, and within a rocking sleeve shaft h', mounted in suitable boxes in one of the heads of the frame. The mandrel is feathered to the sleeve which is in turn feathered to the rocking sleeve shaft h so that the turning of the rocking sleeve shaft 7i', will turn the mandrel which is swiveled to the link which connects its rear end with the lever by which it is moved longitudinally. The inner end of the sleeve b is made of a form the reverse of the face of the intended nut, and constitutes the swage or face of the hammer for swaging or forging one face of the nut. Back of this sleeve or face swage, and in line with it, there is another and corresponding swage adapted to slide longitudinally and freely, but accurately, in the other head stock of the frame, and the face of this swage is made of the same form with the other, or of any other form to suit the intended form of nuts to be manufactured, and there is a central hole in the face of this swage to receive the point of the mandrel, and the face of this swage presents resistance to the nut blank when the mandrel is forced into it. It is on this account also that the mandrel is drawn back a short distance after it is inserted in the nut blank, that the face of the nut may be withdrawn from the face of the said swage.

The two swages b, b, are drawn apar by the tension of springs t", i, acting each on a collar on the outer end of each of the swages, and they are forced toward each other to swage or hammer the faces of the nuts by means of two levers j', j, one at each end of the machine. These levers turn on fulcrum pins r, 7c. Their upper arms bear against the outer ends of the swages, and their lower arms are acted upon by two pintles Z, Z, with rounded ends, one end of each is fitted to a socket lin the inner face of one of the lower arms of each lever, and the other end to a socket ineach outer face of a forked lever m, which vibrates on journals at n, a. This forked lever is lifted and depressed twice in each rotation of the cam shaft 0, by two cam projections o', o', on opposite sides of a cam wheel p, on the shaft o, and the working of this forked lever by means of the interposed pintles makes them act in the manner of a toggle joint lever to operate the levers j, j, to work the swages.

At right angles to the line of motion of the face swages b', b, are two hammer levers g, g', that turn on a fulcrum pin r. These hammer levers are placed one `on each side of the mandrel, and the inner faces of their upper arms are` made of the form required for hammering the edges of the nuts. Their lower arms are curved inward above the cam shaft 0, so as to be within a short distance, and they are both connected by joint links s, s', with the end of a forked lever t, which is lifted four times in each rotation of the cam shaft o, by tappets u', on the periphery of a wheel u, on the said shaft o. The lifting of the forked lever 25', causes the joint links s', s to act in the manner of toggle joint levers on the levers g', g', to hammer the edges of the nut. The four tappets u, are arranged in pairs, the spaces between the two pairs being greater than the spaces between the two constituting each pair, the object of the greater space between two of them is to give time for the action of the feed motion and the space opposite to give time for the action of the tap-pet 0 on the cam p.

The sleeve rock shaft 7L', which is outside of, and concentric with, th'e mandrel, is provided with an arm fw', connected by a joint link m', with one arm of `a lever y', which turns on a fulcrum pin e, the other arm being so formed as to be borne by the tension of a spring a, against the periphery of a cam c, on the cam shaft o, and the form of this cam is snchas to turn the sleeve shaft, and with it the mandrel and nut, a quarter of a revolution and back during each rotation of the shaft 0, and in the periods of time to be described. The succession of operations is as follows-viz: The nut blank is punched, cut off, forced into the spring jaws, and the spring jaws depressed to bring the nut blank with its of the hammers.

central hole in the required position, the mandrel pushed forward into the nut, the face swage making resistance. The mandrel is then drawn back a short distance to remove the nu-t blank from the face of the swage b, and in line with the side hammers, which are then operated to strike each a blow on the opposite edges of the nut, and retire. The nut is then turned a quarter of a revolution by the rock sleeve shaft, the two hammers then strike each a blow and retire. The two face swages are then forced up against thetwo faces of the nut and ret-ire; then the twoside hammers strike each a blow, the nut is again turned a quarter revolution, and again the side hammers strike each a blow and retire, and the two face swages are again forced up to complete the swaging of the faces of the nut, and as they retire the mandrel is drawn back within the sleeve swage b', by which the nut is discharged and the machine left in the condition to repeat the series of operations.

I have describedthe faces of the two side hammers as being fiat and parallel to strike on opposite sides of the edges of the nuts, so that by turning the nut one quarter of a revolution and again operating't-he hammers the four faces on the circumference of the nut are hammered. But it will be obvious that by simply changing the form of the cam c, the nut can be forged with a greater number of sides, such as exhagonal or octagonal so long as the polygon is of an even number of sides. But I have contemplated making the faces of each of the two hammers to represent two faces of the polygon of the nut. As for instance for square nuts the face of each hammer will represent the two sides of a right angle triangle so that when the two hammers are brought together they will inclose the four sides of the nut. This will have the effect more thoroughly to compact the iron. In that case however it will be necessary to so form i the cam c as to turn the mandrel with the nut one eighth of a revolution so soon as the nut is left on the mandrel by the spring jaws, so as to present the angles of the nut to the action of the hammers and then to give the othermovements as above described. Or instead of turning the mandrel a quarter of a revolution the same result may be obtained by a change of position of the spring jaws. For octagonal nuts the two hammers may be made each with two faces representing two sides of the Octagon, in which case the motions of the mandrel fully described above will be sufficient. And for polygonal nuts it will only be necessary to modify the form of the cam c, to suit the number of sides and the form of the faces In whatever form however the nuts are to be forged the punch and Vthe die which cut the nut blanks from the bar should be of a corresponding form to avoid the necessity of too much hammering and swaging.

It will be obvious that washers can be forged in the above described machine as well as nuts. And that if desired round nuts or washers can be forged as well as of the forms specified by changing the form of the faces of the side hammers.

I do not wish to be understood as limiting my claim of invention to the special form, construction, or arrangement of the several parts, as the same mode of operation may be obtained by the substitution of equivalents.

I claim as new and as my inventionl. The two punches arranged side by side and operated substantially as described, for punching the centered hole, cutting off the blanks from the bar, and discharging the same, substantially as described, in combination with the two holes or two dies so that a hole is punched in the bar for another nut during the continued motion of the punch to discharge the nut which was cut od during the previous part of the same motion.

2. I also claim in combination with the equivalent thereof for transferring the nut blank from the die to the mandrel, and there holding it until the mandrel enters the hole, substantially as described.

3. I also claim the holding of the nut blanks on the mandrel in combination with the swages for swaging the faces of the nuts, substantially as described.

4. I also claim in combination with the mandrel for holding and turning the nut blanks, substantially as described, the employment of the hammers for hammering or swaging the edges of the nuts, substantially as described.

5. And finally I claim the combination of the swages for swaging the faces of the nuts, with the hammers for forging the edges of the nuts, substantially as specified, by means of which the metal is thoroughly compacted in all directions and a good finish given the entire blank. f

IVM. E. WARD. Witnesses:

IVM. I-I. BISHOP, Criss. A. VVILsoN.

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