US1582199A

US1582199A - Optical display device

Info

Publication number: US1582199A
Application number: US35512A
Authority: US
Inventors: Frank P Walters
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1925-06-08
Filing date: 1925-06-08
Publication date: 1926-04-27
Anticipated expiration: 1943-04-27

Description

1pm 27 192s. 1,582,199

F. P. WALTERS OPTICAL DISPLAY DEVICE Fi led June a. 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

k 7 15/J Asnemmc EYE FARSIGHTED EYE v m NEARSIGHTE NORMAL w s, m 4 EYE EYE front: I. wal-fgrs 35 i; awn/nu M 1,-

April 27, 1926.

' F. P. WALTERS OPTICAL DISPLAY DEVICE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 8, 1925 Patented Apr. 27, 1926. V

UNITED sraras i meant FRANK IP. WALTERS, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

OPTICAL DISPLAY DEVICE.

Application filed June 8, 1925 Serial No. 35,512.

To all whom t may concern.

Be it known that I, FRANK P. WM/rims, a

citizen of the United States of America, residing at Brooklyn, county of Kings, and

State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Optical Display Devices, of which the following isfa specification.

The present invention relates to an optical display device or system, and is do signed primarily to faithfully illustrate, mechanically, the phenomena which occur in the human system in the transmission of lightfrom the normal and the various types of malformed eyes to the brain. Systems of this kind are advantageously usable as advertising displays and in the instruction of medical students. 2

A device or system, according to my invention includes a series of simulated human eyeballs one of which is normal and others j guishing of the light sources and means in the brain representation to give suitable indications of the effect of transmission of light from the several eyeballs.

By use of a system of this character striking ocular illustration of the entire process of light transmission from the eye to the bra n, and the precise effect on the latter may be given in a manner to make clear a subject generally considered as being rather abstruse.

I am aware that it is common practice to employ representations of the human eye to illustrate the various defects of vision, to illuminate such eyes and to provide means for showing how the defects of vision may be corrected, but I. believe that I am the first to devise a system or arrangement of instrumentalities in which the eifect of light transmission from the normal eye and the several kinds of malformed eyes is visibly portrayed on the representation of a human brain.

One embodiment of my invention is illus tratively exemplified in the accompanying drawings in which, Figure 1 is a perspective view of my invention; Figure 2 is a front for alternating their in the display; Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the eye ball; Figure 4 is a perspective view of a corner of the brain picture and associated dark box; Fig. 4 is elevational view'of a simulated eye ball used a fragmentary view of the simulated far 69 sighted eyeball shown in Fig. 1, and Figure -5 is a diagrammatic view of the electrical controlling mechanism for the lights, Referring to the drawings, 10,11, 12 and 13 designate a series of stations at which are, respectively, a complete representation of the normal eye ball, near sighted eye ball, far sighted eye ball, and astigmatic eye ball.

Each eye ball is provided with a tubular connection 14, representing its optic nerve,

which is attached to the blind spot of the eyeball and extends in a serpentine curve to the rear of a frame in which a picture 15 of the human brain is displayed. Included at each station is an eye ball, as for example,

the near sighted eye ball 11; a supporting pedestal 16 over which may be draped a cover 17 to receive the ball, an electric filament lamp 18 supported on asuitable fixture 19, the elevation of the lamp bringing the 30 filament in the axis ofthe eye ball; and a frame 20 suspended on an adjacent wall, preferably in back of and above the eye ball,

and including a full description of the theory of nearsightedness, and the necessary cor rectiv'e measures. Each lamp 18 is in circuit with a corresponding lamp 21 arranged in a dark box 22 disposed at the rear of the brainpicture 15, the system of lamps being controlled by a controlling mechanism illumination, as here inafter described. 1

I Each exhibit, in so far as the eye ball and the defective condition represented are con cerned, will now be described in detail but it will be clear that the particular arrange ment of the defectiveeye balls is immaterial and the arrangement shown in the drawing is merely one of many suggestions for a display of this character.

Fiach eye ball in general, comprises av transparent more or less globular member 23 corresponding to the outer sclerotic coat which is provided with a front opening 2 closed by a curved crystal or cornea 25.. Behind the cornea 25 is a diaphragm 26 which corresponds to the colored part or iris of the eye. The circular opening 27 in the iris is the pupil. Supported from the wall of the member 23, just back of the iris 26 is .a transparent lens 28 dividing the eye into two chambers, the anterior chamber between the lens 28 and cornea 25, and the interior chamber, Jet-ween the lens and the wall of the globular member 23. The globular wall of the interiorchaniher is provided with an opaque coating 29 to indicate the retina, ainembrane traversed by a network of nerves branching from the optic nerve, represented by the connection 14. The interior chamber may be filled with liquid or anyother substance capable of clearly defining light rays reflected therethrough.

The normaleye ball 10 which'likeeachot the others has a Window "10* represents an eye, which inits-passive or relaxed condition focuses parallel raysonthe retina 29.

The defects of most frequent occurrence are near sig'htedness far sightedness and astigmatism. l t the'relaxedeye focuses parallel rays in front of the retina 2-9, it is near sighted, a condition which is indicated at the second station-or exhibit. The globular member 11 is provided with a partition 30 placed in frontot'the retina 29 and any light rayscntering the interior chamber through the'cornea focus on this partition. This defect is'caused'bythe abnoiunal'length of the'oyeba'll from "front'tobaek and is too great tor the focal length of the lens. The

correction consists in placing in front of the eye diverging lens (not shown) that makes the lens-0f the eye a less convergent systemthan the lens 28 itself. H'the focal length of thediverging lens isequ-a-l to the greatest distance ofdistinct 'vision for the near sighted eye, and if this' lensds held close to the eye, parallel rays from a distant object will enter the eye as it they came from the principal focus of the lens, he image tens on the retina .and vision is made distinct;

It the relaxed eye focuses parallel rays from :distant objects on the sclerotic coat instead oton the retina, it is 'far sighted. The eye ball is then too short to correspond to the :focal lengthof the lens 28. This condition-0t the eye'ba ll is reproduced bymaking the minor axis of the globular member 12 substantially shorter than itsmaj or axis. To illustrate, in a somewhat exaggerated form-,the action-0t a far sighted eye when focusing light rays, I show at the far sighted eye station in Fig. l the light rays emanating-from the lamp "18 as passing through the eye ball 12 and focusingon the plane or rod 31 which rises from the adjacent pedestal 16. The rod 31 may hold, at .its upper end, a card 31 having explanatory matter (not shown.) thereon. To permit the light rays from the lamp 18 to pass through eye ball 12 to the plane 31, I leave a minute part, 29 of the retina 29 of eye ball 12 transparent, as shown in Fig. l, and the light rays maypass through this transparent portion and focus on the plane 31. Correction for far sightedness is ctlected by placing a converging lens (not shown) in front of the eye, thereby making with the lens28 oftheeyc a more converging system than the eye lens alone. Light rays from a near object then enter the eye as it they came from a distant one and vision becomes distinct.

Sometimes the front of the cornealia-s different curvttu res in diii'ercnt planes through the axis, i. e. it'has a somewhat cylindrical term. A condition of this kind is represented at the fourth station in which the member '13 is designed to show the condition of an astigmatic eye or one which has no fixed focus. The e ball 13 is provided with both the interiorpartition 30 and exterior plane 31 and light rays passinginto the eye focus on both points. iistigmatisin is corrected by the use of a lens (not shown) one surface oil which at least is-not sphericalbut diii'ers from it in the oppositesense to that of the detective eye.

It is well lznown that impressions focused on the retina photograph on the brain and the sharpness 0t such impressions determines tlredetail of thepliotograph. 1

Bro? ly stated, dei'ective'vision ditluses the plio graph made onthe brain. In order to clez ly illustrate thiscondition I provide a is tem of lights 18 for each station of hibit and a correspondingsystem or -ights 21 for the dark box 22 behind the brain picture 15.

The brain picture 15 illustrated in vFigure 4-, comprises a frame glass front 33, superposedbrain picture print ill, and a met interposed between the printtil and glass 33. The matis an opaque sheet otmaterial having two openings, one thereof arranged behind a portionofthe'brain and having a clear cut preferably round opening 36, while the other is'cut'to provide tin-irregular opening 3'? which is disposed at the side ol the first opening and registering with another portionotthe brain. The dark lfiO-XEZQ be hind thepicture is divided into two compartments'by-a partition 38 which separates the light associated with the normal eye ball light from the other three. The compait ments are so arranged that when the norinal eye ball lightglows'the opening will permit a clear discol light to appear on the brainpicture 15-while alternate illumination of any of the other lights will permit an irregularly shaped area ot light to appear on the brain surface.

In order to produce a realistic showing ot the optic nerves. '1 have cut away a portion oi the tube of the normal eyeball 10, and inserted therein a small lamp 39 the opening in tube 14 being covered with small threads which producethe effect of anetwork of nerve fibres running through the optic nerve. The lamp 39 is arranged to glow simultaneously with the illumination of the normal eye ball lamps. f

The controlling mechanism for alternating the illumination of each pair of lights in the system and for causing the optic nerve lamp 39 to glow is illustrated in Figure 5 and comprises a motor driven shaft 41 having a series of cam shoes 42 and a contact disc 43 fixed thereon. Each shoe is substantially one quarter segment and arranged on the shaft 41 to occupy a different segment of the same circle. The optic nerve lamp 39 is preferably a low voltage lamp and receives its energy from a battery 44 which is con-, nected to the lamp by a make and break circuit line 45. The line 45 is operated by a cam shoe 46 fixed to the shaft 41 and arranged so as to close the circuit simultaneously with the operation of the normal eye ball lamp system. 'A plurality of brushes 47 are arranged to bring their contacting surfaces in paths through which the shoes 42 revolve, whereby one shoe follows another to make contact with their respective brush. A brush 48 is held constantly in contact with the disc 43 and conducts current from a main trunk line 49 to the shaft 41 and cam shoes 42, where it is carried through the brushes 47 to respective lamps in both systems; i. e. the lamps in front of the eye balls and the corresponding lamps in the dark box 22.

The operation of the display is as follows: As light is transmitted through one of the eyes, the electric bulb 21, in the brain picture 15, which corresponds to the illuminated eye will be light-ed. If the light is transmitted through the normal eye 1.0 a clear bright il- 1. An optical display device comprising the representation of a human eye, means for illuminating the same the representation of a human brain, a connection bet-ween the eye and the brain, and means for indicating on the brain representation the effect of illumination of the eye.

2. An optical display device comprising a. plurality of stations, a representation of a normal human eye at one station and a representation of a malformed human eye at. each of the other stations, means for illuminating the several eyes a representation of a human brain, connections from the several eyes to the brain representation, and means for presenting at the brain an indication to represent the effect of illumination of the normal eye and a dilferent indication to represent the effect of illumination of any of the several eyes to the brain representation, and

means for showing atthe brain representation a clear illumination when the normal eyeis illuminated and a less clear illumination when one of the malformed eyes is illuminated.

4. A display device of the character described,comprising a plurality of stations, eachthereof having a representation of the human eye ball and a source of light associated therewith, a representation of a human brain remote from said stations, and electric means for alternately illuminating the sources of light for the eye balls and. for causing illuminated areas to appear on said brain pictureone of said areas representing the effect of illumination of a normal human eye and another area representing the effect of illumination of a malformed human eye.

5. A display device of the character described comprising a plurality'of stations, representations of the human eye ball in normal and abnormal conditions at the stations,

a separate source of light adapted to project rays through each eye ball, an optic nerve representation connected to each ball, a brain picture remote from said stations and being the terminus for said optic nerves, sources of light in the brain picture corresponding respectively to the light-sources of the eye balls, and electrical controlling means for connecting and alternately lighting said corresponding lights.

6. An optical display device comprising a plurality of stations, a representation of a human eye at each station, a source of light ad acent each eye, a representation of a human brain, connections from the several eyes to the brain representation, a source of light ad acent the brain representation, and means'for alternately llluminating the several eyes and for illuminating thebrain representation concurrently with each eye illumination. V

7. An optical display device comprising a plurality of stations, a representation of a human eye at each station, a source of light adjacent each eye, a representation of a human brain, connections from the several eyes to the brain representation, a source of light adjacent the brain representation, light transmitting means differing in appearance adjacent the last mentioned source of light, and means for causing the sources of light adjacent 'the eyes to glow alternately and the source of light adjacent the brain representation-to glow concurrently Witlreach eye illumination.

8. An optical display device'comprising a plurality of stations, a representation ofa i human eye at eachstation,.asource of ilight adjacent each-eye, a representation of a human hra1n,a source of light achacent the brain representation, connections from the several eyes to the brain representation, a sourceof lightin at least one of said connections, and means for controlling the operation of the several sources of light.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

FRANK P. \VALTERS.