US1581684A - Single-roll crusher - Google Patents

Description

A ril 20,1926. 1,581,684

J. G. OGDEN smsma 1101.1. cnusmm Fueq A ril 19, 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 113 E7 2 7 INVENTOR- mo. 1 %o,

A TTORNE Y Patented Apr. 20, 1926.

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JOHN G. OGDEN, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO, ASSIGNOR T0 JEFFREY MANOFACTUR- ING COMPANY, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

s tuate-Rom. Christine.

Application filed April 19, 1921. ser al No. 462,487.

T0 ((ZZ whom it may concern. M

Be it known that 1, JOHN G. OGDEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Columbus, in the county of Franklin and State. of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Single-Roll Crushers, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accon'ipanying drawing.

This invention relates to coal crushing apparatus and particularly to machines known as single roll crushers.

The widely extended use of automatic stoking furnaces has created an'ever increasing demand for coal crushed to a small and uniform size. When the coal crushing machines heretofore manufactured have been adjusted to produce the desired fineness of product, their capacity has usually been reduced beyond the limit of profitable operation and an unduly large proportion of the coal has been reduced to dust.

The common expedient by which these difficulties are avoided is the use of two crushing machines, one adapted to crush large lumps to a comparatively small size being placed above a second machine which is adapted to reduce the product of the first n'iaehine to the size required. Such a double machine is necessarily expensive and requires a relatively powerful driving mechanism. In the patent to Whiting, No. 1,045,- 763, is disclosed a machine comprisinga roll rotating adjacent a. stationary breaking plate wherein the surface of the roll is thickly set with a relatively large number of relatively small crushing teeth and a much smaller number of relatively long hook shaped teeth, the hook shaped teeth serving to draw the larger fragments of the coal down into the machine to be crushed, and the small crushing teeth to crush it to the desired size. A smooth breaker plate is normally supported in such manner that there shall be only a running clearance between its lower part and the top of the crusher teeth. In order that the 1100 shaped teeth may pass, grooves are provided in the breaker plate, and the proportions of the teeth and grooves are such that there shall be only the necessary running clearance and the grooves -shall be no wider than the great est desired dimension of the fragments of the product. I p p I Such machines have proven satisfactory within certain limits, but it has been found impossible to reduce the thickness of the hook shaped teeth beyond certain limitsv in The means by which I attain this object are fully set forth in the following specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings of which p y i Fig. l is a side elevation of the pref-erred embodiment of my invention.

Fig, 2 is a sectional View taken along the central transverse vertical plane of the machine which coincides with the line IIII of Fig, 4:. p y I Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional View taken along a vertical plane between the end of the crushing roll andthe frame of the machine and which coincides with the line IIIIII of Fig. 4:. i

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the line IVIV of Fig. 2.

Like numerals refer to similar parts in the several figures. v

Referring to the drawings the numerals 1' '1 indicate theend frames upon which the crushing mechanism is mounted. Journal. bearings 2 and 3 are formed in these end' frames these journal bearings are mounted the shaft 4 of thecr'ushing roll and the counter shafte. n These journal bearings are provided with the usual removable caps so that the machine .may be easily taken apart when so desired. A hub 6 provided with radial wings] is k yedto one end of the shaft 5 and upon this httb is mounted a pulley wheel 8 which is rotatively connected thereto by means of the pins 9 which pass through the wings 7 and the arms. of the pulley 8. These pins 9 aremade ofhard wood or other suitable material and their cross section is such that in case of a sudden over load being thrown upon the machine they will shear, thus disconnecting the shaft from the driving element. This provides a safety device such as will eliminate any possible danger of the machine being broken or its bearings injured by the sudden application of an excessive load.

Mounted on the shaft 4 is the crushing roll 10 to the peripheryofwhich is secured a series of segmental plates 11 upon the outer surface of which are formed a relatively large number of crushing teeth 12 or such dimensions and so spaced that the distance through which extends a tie rod 16 which holds the side frames 1 in spacedre'lation and at the same time affords a stop and guide when the breaker plate swings about the shaft 14. A shaft 17 extends through the breaker plate 13 below the arcuate slot and has mounted upon its ends two eye bolts 18 which extend rearwardly through the lugs 19 upon the side frames 1.. Springs 20 are placed upon the extremities of the bolts 18 outside the lugs 19 and are retained in place by the nuts 21 bythe adjustment of which the tension of the spring 20 maybe regulated. This provides a cushioning of the-breaker plate so that when an unusually hard pieceof material passes between the roll and the breaker plate instead of breaking theteeth of the roll or jamming the machine, the breaker plate will be. swung back as far as necessary, depending upon the tension of the springs 20.

It has been found that when such acrushing roll is provided only with small crushing teeth appropriate to the production of finely crushed coal, that the larger lumps will roll on the top of the crushing roll and not be drawn down into the machine to be' crushed. To overcome this difficulty I have provided radially elongated teeth 22 adapted'to engage these large fragments of coal and drag them down into the machine to be crushed These teeth 22 are slidably mounted in apertures 23 of the crushing roll and are secured to the outer surface of supporting bars 24 which extendlongitudinally of the roll and are slidable in radially extending guide ways 25 formed in the spokes 26 of the crusher roll. Mounted upon. the ends of the bar 24r are rollers 27 adapted to travel upon the surfaces of the cams 28 and 29 formed in the end frames 1 of the machine. The cams 28 and 29 are of such form that, at the upper part of their path of rotation,the elongated teeth 22 will be thrust outwardly of the roll to engage thelumps of coal and because of inopportune projection or with- I drawal, is eliminated.

By the arrangement of parts just described the elongated teeth 22 are available at the upper part of the tapering passage to engage, the material to be crushed and drag it downwardly to the ultimate crushing point at which point said feeding teeth are withdrawn intot-he roll to prevent contact with. the breaker plate, thereby permitting such adjustment of the breaker plate relative to the crusher roll that there shall be no space available for the passage of material of greater dimensions than the desired fragments of the product.

Another advantageous feature of construction and arrangement of parts is that the hopper chamber is positioned remote from the center, vertically, of the hopper, and comnunicates with the wide tapering passage between the breaker plate and the roll; while the casingwall on the other side of the roll is concentric with it and relatively close to the circles of rotation of the teeth. The reciprocating teeth act to check the down ward passage of any mater-ind between the roll and thiscurved casing section. These teeth begin to project outward after crossing the vertical plane of the axis and reach their outermost points while they are traveling through the hopper chamber and through the upper wider part of the tapering passage between the breaker plate and the roll.

What I claim is:

1. In an apparatusfor crushing coal, the combination with a frame, of a crushing roll rotatably mounted in the frame, a breaker'plate mounted in the frame at one side of said roll and formingtherewith opposite downwardly converging walls between which the coal passes downwardly to 2.1. 6 final crushing points, relatively small ill crushing teeth formed upon the surface of the roll and uniformly spaced to crush the coal to the desired degree of fineness, a plurality of transversely disposed feeding teeth projecting radially of the crushing roll and adapted to engage the material to be crushed to draw it, downwardly into the tapering passage,teeth supporting bars lying within the roll and positively acting means to withdraw said bars and feeding teeth into said roll toavoid their contact with the breaker plate at the final crushing points.

9. In an apparatus for crushing coal, the combination with a frame, of acrushing roll rotatably mounted in the frame, a breaker plate mounted in the frame at one side of said roll and forming therewith opposite downwardly converging walls between which the coal passes downwardly to the final crushing points, relatively small crushing teeth formed on the surface of the roll and uniformly spaced to crush the coal to the desired degree of fineness, apertures in said roll, a plurality of transversely disposed feeding teeth radially movable in said apertures, teeth supporting bars lying within the roll and positively acting means to move said bars and teeth ontwardly to engage the material to be crushed to draw it downwardly into the tapering passage'and to withdraw said feeding teeth into said roll to avoid contact with the breaker plate at the final crushing points. j

3. In an apparatus for crushing coal, the combination with a frame, of a crushing roll rotatably mounted in the frame, a breaker plate mounted in the frame at one side of the roll and forming therewith opposite downwardly converging walls between which the coal passes downwardly to the final crush ing points, relatively small crushing teeth formed upon the surface of the roll and uniformly spaced to crush the coal to the desired degree of fineness, apertures in said roll, a plurality of transversely disposed feeding teeth extending radially through said apertures and attached. to supporting bars which extend longitudinally and insideof said roll, and means engaging said bars positively to n'iove said feeding teeth outwardly to engage the material to be crushed to d aw it downwardly into the tapering passage and positively to draw said feeding teeth into the roll to avoid contact with the breaker plate at the final crushing points. i

-l-. In an apparatus for crushing coal the combination with a frame, of a crushing roll rotatably mounted in the fran'ie, a break er plate mounted in the frame at one side of said roll and forming therewith opposite downwardly converging walls between which the coal passes downwardly to the final crushing points, relatively small crushing teeth formed upon the surface of the roll and uniformly spaced to crush the coal to the desired degree of fineness, apertures in said roll, a plurality oftransversely disposed :t'eeding teeth extending radially through said apertures, teeth supporting bars extending longitndinally and inside of the roll, and guide ways formed in the end frames and engaging the ends of said supporting bars positively to movesaid feeding teeth outwardly to engage the material to be crushed to draw it downwardly intothe tapering passage and positively to withdraw said feeding teeth into said roll to avoid contact with the breaker plate at the final crushing points. I,

5. The combination of the roll having a plurality of transversely and radially disposed reciprocating feeding and crushing teeth, means positively to project and withdraw said teeth at predetermined intervals,

the breast plate on one side of the roll, and

the casing having a feeding hopper and'a closure wall on the other side of the roll approximately concentric therewith and having its inner surfacerelatively close to the circles of rotation of the teeth, whereby the passageway between the roll and said wall section is closed against downward travel of material, said breast plate being arranged to provide a passageway from the hopper which tapers downward to the circles of rotation of the teeth.

(l. The combination of the roll having a plurality of transversely and radially dis posed reciprocating teeth, means positively to project and withdraw said teeth at predetermined intervals the hopper arranged to deliver material to one side of the roll, the yielding breaker plate at one side of the roll, the casing wall approximately concentric with the roll and arranged relatively close to the teeth thereon, the reciprocating teeth being arranged to project farthest from the center of the roll when they are traveling through the lower part of the; hopper and the upper part of said tapering passageway.

7. In a crushing machine, the combination of a rotary crushing roll having teeth, each projecting at a fixed angle from the exterior thereof, a breaker plate arranged in operative relation to said roll, the space between the roll and the breaker plate forming a hopper for the materials to be crushed, means to rotate said roll, and inst-rumentalities operated automatically by the rotation of the roll and revolving therewith to in effect merely push the teeth outward and to positively pull the teeth inward, when the roll is operated, so that the angle of the teeth is maintained, whereby said crushing roll and said teeth have relative movement to prevent the teeth from striking said plate.

8. A structure as specified inclaim 1, said instrumentalities comprising a plurality of eccentrics serving automatically to retract said teeth while passing the lower end of said plate and to automatically present said teeth in operative position before they again enter the hopper at the top thereof.

9. A structure as specified in claim 1, said crushing roll having other teeth which are shorter than said first mentioned teeth, the latter being controlled by said instrumentali ties to alternately push them outward and draw them into the roll.

10.,A structure as specified in claim 1, said teeth being arranged in rows. and other teeth disposed between said rows on the roll, said last mentioned teeth being shorter than said first mentioned teeth.

11. A structure as' specified in claim 1, said breaker plate presenting asnooothand plain surface to said roll, inasmuch as said relative movement obviates the necessity of forming any clearance in said plate for the teeth.

12; In a crushing' machine, the combination ofrevolving teeth, means to revolve the teeth, means cooperating with said teeth to produce the desired crushing action, and means including revolving element-s -to automatically control said teeth, whereby each tooth has only endwise movement relatively to the revolving means, to alternately present them in operative position and retract them during the revolving motion thereof.

In testimony whereof, I aifix my signature.

JOHN efoonnn,

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