US1581305A - Electrical controlling system - Google Patents

Description

A ril 20. 1926.

E. F. wATs'oN Er AL ELECTRICAL CONTROLLING S ISTEM Filed March 29, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORS EFWm/fl JEM A TTORNE Y April 2o ,1926. 1,581,305

E. F, WATSON ET AL ELECTRICAL CONTROLLING SYSTEM I Filed March 29, 1924 2 She'ts-Sheet 2 9 5/ 013ml; flak-16. Face/2 INVIENQTORS I ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 20, 1926.

UHTED' STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD F. WATSON, OF LARCHMGNT, AND ARTHUR E. HUNT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,

ASSIGNORS T0 AMERICAN TELEZEONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, A CORPORA- TION 62 NEW YORK.

ELECTERICAL CONTROLLING SYSTEM.

Application filed March 29, 1924. Serial No. 702,902.

To (Z Z whom it may concern Be it known that we, EDWARD F. VVATsON and ARTHUR E. HUNT, residing at Larchmont and New York, in the counties of Nest-chester and New York and State of New York and New. York, respectively, have invented certain Improvements in Electrical Controlling Systems, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to electrical controlling systems, and particularly to means for correcting the distortion ofsignaiing impulses Such as are used in printing telegraph systems.

In order to obtain eiiicient operation printing telegraph systems, it is necessary to elim nate the efl'ect of distortion upon the receiving apparatus connected with the line circut over which the signaling impulses are transmitted and which is the princpal source of such distortion. If a signal is torted in the course oftransmission over a line. an impulse of wrong polarity may be applied to a segment of the receiving distributor of the printer, which in turn produces an incorrect signal character in the apparatus associated therewith. A device for determining the existence oi distort on of tele raph signals without discontinuing the transmision of commercial service over the circuit is disclosed in the co-pending application of TVatson, Serial No. 638,121-, filed May 10, 1923. The invention therein disclosed simply indcates the presence of distortion and it is necessary to make a. manual. adjustment of the apparatus in order to correct for the said distortion.

It is the object of this invention to pro-- vide a method and means for automatcally com ensating for the distortion or bias in signals received by a telegraph repeater or terminal circuit connected with a line. A. further object of the invention is to provide means whereby a plurality of such repeaters or terminal circuits may be successively tested for distortion and automatically adjusted to compensate for such distortion. A. further object consists in the provision of means for signaling a repeater attendant in case the distortion becomes of such magnitude that the compensating apparatus cannot make sufiicient adjustments to compen- S e f r Such disto ti Other objects of this invention will be apparent from the following description, when read in connection with the'attached drawing, of which Figure 1 shows, in general, the a plication of the invention to a plurality 0 f duplex telegraph circuits; Fig. 2 shows in detail the driving mechanism for moving the rheostats which eiiect the adjustment of the circuit to compensate for the minal circuit at B being substantially iden-' tical to that at A with the exception that the cr-u'ipensatmg apparatus shown at A is omitted at B for simplicity. The terminal circuit at A comprises the bridge coils 2 and 3, the junction point of which is connected with the armature of the pole changer 4. This armature, which is controlled by the operation of the transmitting apparatus connccted with the loop circuit, applies im pulses of opposite polarity from the batteries 5 and 6 to the line. The armature of the receiving relay 7 is adapted to apply impulses of current from the battery 8 to that branch of the receiving circuit including the sounder 9 and the control relay 10. By the operation of the control relay, the loop circuit is opened and closed at the contact 11, thereby transmitting open and closed impulses to the subscribers station, herein represented as comprising printing telegraph apparatus. The contact 12 of the control relay 10, which opens whenever contact 11 opens and, vice versa, closes whenever contact 11 closes, controls the action ofthe holdirg winding, that is, the upper winding, as shown inthe figure, of the pole changer 4. The branch of the receiving circuit which includes the sounder 9 and the control relay 10 wili hereinafter be referred to as the control relav circuit. This circuit includes the rheostat 13 and the circuit is normally closed through the contact 14 which is closely located to the distributor face No. 1. This contact is $0 arranged that it will be opened by the rotating arm of distributor face No. 1 during the interval in which the line 1 is einp; tested for distortion. The distributor line No. 1 comprises four rings, two of which, designated and 16, are segmental, and 17 and 18 are continuous. lhe rotat inc arm 19 of this distributor carries two brushes 20 and 21, both of which are iii-- sulated from the arm. Brush 20 is adapted to conn ct [l c segments o1 ring 15 with the udjacen r manner, rush 1 1 t inc; 17, and in like 31 makes a connection between the segments of ring; 16 and ring 18. The extension oi? arm 19, which designated 22, is adaptcd to open the normally closed contact 1 1 of the control relay circuit during the interval in which the brushes 20 and E21 upon the segments 93 and 2-1 connected with the line circuit 1. to be tested. The distributor face No. 1 is intended to successively connect with the eon'ipensating control circuit ten lines such as 1., each having its own teri iinal circuits connected therewith. For the sake of simplicity, only one complete circuit, viz, line 1 and the terminal circuit at station A will be shown connected with this d str bu tor but it is to be understood that the leads taken out from the other segments of rings 15 and 16 are to be connected with control relay circuits ot the ter nal circuits of other he The continuous rings 17 and 18 are connected by conductors 9 and T0 with the line relay 26 associated with the distributor "face No. 2 This distributor face is. in general, similar to that used in the startstop tvpe f printers coinnrisinp; two

0 mental riigs tl e outer ring ba ing a pluspaced. ccgment S is normally connected with the nrr tineapparatus and segment 8,

tarting; oi: the distributor. terposet i are scgnnents and S segment S being connected over conduct-or 28 and through contact with the battery 30. Segment F5, is

turn is connected by conductor through contact with the battery 30. Relays H E J? rahty 0; segments of equal size and equally i u controls the s Inbetwecn segments t and Q nected with relay H, which in turn is consiin' connected with relay L, which in and. 1 control the magnets and 36 respectively. The fifth segment is connectcd with the winding; 0? relay 31, the function of which is to open the cirzuit of 1'Blt1 ;'S

l-l l .1. in the event that the fifth impulse received bv tl e apparatus over the line 1 is closed impulse. The reson for doing so will be irade clear later,

The inner ring comprises two seeginents. desigi ated tri and 5 C ne of the divisions between these segments coincides in radial position with the division between segments bi, ai'id S ()ne of the contacts of relay connected with segine it S and the other with The arm of this distributor can rise the brush. 33' n's'u'lated therefrom, which is adagted to connect the segments of the inner and outer rings of this distributor. This arm is controlled in its operation by the starting magnet 34.

The mechanism for etfecting the rotation of the arms of distributor faces No. 1 and K0. 2 and also for controlling the rheostat 13 is shown clearly in Fig. 2. In this figure, is the revolving brush arm of distributor face No. 2. whicn is driven by a motor through the shaft 40, worm a1, worn gear 4-2, shaft 4-3 and friction clutch 4st. Attached to a in 32 is the brush 33 as shown in connection with the distriluitor face No. 2111 l? 1. This brush makes contact with the segments of the distributor face lilo. 2. On the shaft 46 connected with the worm -ft1 is a governor to con rol. the speed of rotation of the brush ar n 3; and to keep it unilorm. This arrangement is similar to that in use in connection with the well-known startstop type of distributors, with the ex eption of the size of the segments of the distributor face lh. 2. Connected with the shaft 4-3 is a spur gee 1 t? which meshes with the gear 48 connected with the shatt- 49. This shaft also carries the spur gear 50 which meshes with the gear 51 connected with the shaft 52. The shaft also carries a onetooth rear "3 which coacts with the internal gear connected with the shaft to which is attached the brush ain 19 he distributor face No. 1. The l7, 41S. 50 and 51 give aspeed reduction of to 1, so that the single tooth gear makes one revolution for 25 revolutions of shaft 43. The internal gear 5-1 has ten teeth, so that each revolution of gear 53 advances gear 5 1 the distance of one tooth or one-tenth of: a revolution. lhis means that shaft and brush arm 19 rotate one-tenth of a revolution for every 2? revolutions of shaft 53. Attached to the brush arn 19, as mentioned heretofore, are the brushes 20 and 21 which make contact with the segments ot the distributor face No. 1. at the end of the shaft are two bevel gears 56 ando'hthelatterot' which is onnected with the shaft 58 which serves to operate the rheostat control ing inechanism.

The shaft 58 'ries a plurality 01 cams, one for each rheostat. Such a cam is shown clearly by 59 of Fig. 3 This am causes the. idler gear 60 to eng e of the rheostat, will be operated by g ar 62 whenever the ratchet wheel Gel is open ated b the magnets and S6 sh: in l ke 1 and in n rater detail in F i. Tue

idler cjear G0 is uorn I the gears 51 and 6&2. so that gear (51, to which is attached the arm 35 or is energized, and the direction of rotation depends, of course, upon which magnet is energized. As will be seen in Fig. 2, this ratchet wheel is connected with the shaft 66 to wnich is also attached the gear it w'll accordin ly be seen that whenever the projection or the cam 59 de presses the gear 60 into engagement with th gears 61 and 62, the arm of the rhcostat will be moved in direction or the other henever the magnet, and 36 are ener- L .ed. As will later be seen, this movement of the arm of the rheostat varies the re sistance 13 in the control relay circuit and effects such adjustment that the bias of the is compensated for. The arrange ment in Fig. 2 shows a plurality of rheostats connected with the shafts 58 and 66 by means of which the bias in a plurality of terminal circuits may be compensated for.

Having in mind the foregoing description of the apparatus and of the circuit in which this invention is embodied, the invention itself will be made clear by the following de scription of the mode of operating the circuit.

In the well-known start-stop printing telegraph system, for each character there will be transmitted an open or start impulse followed by five selecting impulses, each of which may be either open or closed, and then a closed or stop impulse. By the term open impulse is meant an impulse of such character as to deenergize the line relay 26 and the control relay 10 and to allow their armatures to drop back, and similarly, the term closed impulse means one that will energize these relays so that their armatures will be attract- The existence and magnitude of distortion is determined by investigating the condition of the sixth impulse, which, if understood, is applied to the line relay 26 while the brush 33 is moving from segment S to 3,. Any distortion of this impulse, namely any lengthening or shortening thereof, will cause the operation of either relay H or L and will, in turn, effect the operation of the compensating rheostat. In the start-stop printing telegraph system, the sixth impulse is always a closed impulse for each signal character transn'iitted. The biased condition of this sixth impulse/controls the operation of the compensating device for each character except those in which the fifth impulse'is closed. Where this condition prevails, the bias compensating de vice is rendered inoperative in order to prevent improver operation due to the fifth impulse overlapping on to segment S Since the fifth impulse is a closed one 1n only a few signal characters, it will be: apparent from subsequent description of the operation of this device that this does not ali'ect to any important degree the usefulness of this device, mentiopedhefore,

lay 10, contacts 11 and 12 are closed.

segments S andS are ofequal size and are located between segment 5,, designed to receive the fifth signal impulse, and segment S designed to receive the sixth or printing the line relay 26 would be operated at the in st-ant the brush 33 1s passing over the division between segments S and 5,. Since this imimpulse. When the signals are undistorted, J

pulse is a closed impulse, relay 26 will be energized and the left-hand contact, namely that which is connected with the segment Let us assume that the sixth impulse has been transmitted over line 1 and that the receiving relay 7 has beenenergizcd, so that its armature will move to the position shown in Fig. 1. Current will then flow from battery 8 through the upper contact of relay 7, thence over a circuit including the sounder 9, resistance 13, conductors 67 and 68, segment 23, ring 17, conductor 69, line relay 26, conductor 70, ring 18, segment 24:, conductors 71 and 72, and control relay 10. Since this circuit is closed, relays 26 and 10 will be energized. By the energization of relay 26, its armature is attracted to its righthand contact, and by the energization of re- The closing of contact 11 establishes a circuit from the grounded battery 7 3 to the grounded battery 74-, thereby transmitting a 'eloscd impulse to the printing telegraph apparatus connected with the loop circuit. The control relay circuit is closed through the line relay 26 for the reason mentioned heretofore, namely that the contact 14 is opened after the brushes of arm 19 move on to the segments 23 and 24, which are assigned to the particular circuit shown in Fig. 1. Furthermore, since the arm 19 is connected with the shaft 55, which is rotated by the single tooth gear 53- one-tenth of a revolution for .each' 25 revolutions'of the shaft 4-3, to which the brush arm 32 of the distributor face No. 2 is connected, it will be seen that the control relay circuit of the terminal circuit at station A connected with line 1 will remain connected with the line relay of the distributor face 2 during the time in which the arm of distributor face No. 2 is making 25 revolu tions. This interval of time represents the receipt of approximately twenty-two signal characters, each made up of five signal impulses and a sixth or printing impulse. This duration of time is sufiicient to determine cond tion at we ys xth impulses.

7 transmitted over the line 1 and to effect compensation for any bias or distortion of these impulses produced by line or repeater apparatus conditions. The distributor arm 32 is synchronized with the transmitting device at station E and the distributor face No. 2 is initially adjusted to put the apparatus in such condition that with undistorted signals the brush 33 01? arm 32 should be passing across the division between segments S and S when the relay 26 is energized by the sixth or closet impulse.

Let it be assumec that the tongue of relay 7 touches its upper contact and thereby transmits a closed impulse over the control relay circuit during the time in which the brush 33 is passing over the segment S that is to say just 36f016 it reaches the division between S and S Relay .26 will accordingly be energized, so that the segment S will be grounded through the right-hand contact of this relay. Since at this instant the brush 33 connects gments S and S a circuit will be established from battery 3th over contact 29, conductor 28, winding of relay H and through s gments S and S to ground. Relay H will be energized and, in consequence thereofl the magnet 35 associated therewith will also be energized by current from the battery 30. The attraction of its armature will cause the rotation of the wheel 6 1, shown in detail in Fig. 4, which, by virtue of its being connected with the shaft 66, will effect the rotation of the gear 62. When the arm 21 ot the distributor face No. 1 is in the position showin the shaft 58 has beeen rotated to such position that the cam 59 has depressed the gear 60 into position where it meshes with gears 61 and 62, so that when the toothed wheel 64; is rotated by the action of the magnet 35, gear 61 will also be rotated and the arm 69 will be moved in such direction as to increase the resistance in the control relay circuit that is to say. the resistance 13.

It the signals are biased light, the sixth impulse will not be received until after the brush 33 has passed on to segment S that is to say, the line relay 26 and the control relay 10, which serves to control the impulse applied to the loop circuit, will not be energized until this instant of time. Conse quently. when the brush 33 passes on to s gment S the relay 26 is not operated and the grounded armature is against its lefthend contact. There will. be established a circuit from battery 30, through contact 29 and conductor 28 winding of relay L and segments S and S to ground. This will cause the operation of relay L, which in turn will cause the operation of the magnet 36 by current from the same source 30. The operation of magnet 36 will cause a movement of the toothed wheel 64- in opposite direction to that in the case mentioned above.

Accordingly, the gear 62 will be moved in opposite direction, and since the gear 60 is meshed with gears 61 and 62, the arm 63 of the rheostat will be moved in opposite direction to that previously mentionedso to decrease the resistance in the control relay circuit and thereby to increase the current. This increase oi current will tend to overcome the lightness of the signal and to compensate tor the bias.

It the tltth impulse is a closed impulse, the compensating apparatus will not eiiiect the desired result. In order to prevent false compensation means have been provided for eti'ectively disconnecting the compensating apparatus in the event that the fifth. impulse is closed. This disconnecting apparatus consists in the relay connected with the segment S It the fifth impulse is closed when the brush 33 moves over the segment S the relay 26 will be energized and a circuit will be established from bat tery 30 through winding oi relay 31, segments and S and right-hand contact of relay 26 to ground. This opens the upper contact 29 of this relay and disconnects the battery 30 from relays H and L and their associated magnets. Relay 31 is locked up and remains so until the start impulse tor the next signal character is received. This avoids a false adjustment of the relays controlling the compensating rheostat.

As will be seen in 3-, if the arm 63 is moved sufiiciently far in either direction, it will close the contacts 73 or 7e and will cause the operation of a signal lamp or other device ter attracting the attention or the repeater attendant. This indicates that the bias is so great that the automatic compensating apparatus will not sufiiciently correct he dithculty and it requires the manual adjustment by the repeater attendant.

After the shaft 15 ot' the distributor face No. 2 has rotated 25 times, the single toothed gear engages with the internal gear 54: and moves the shaft 55 one-tenth of a revolution. This moves the arm 21 of distributor face No. 1 on to the succeeding segments which are connected with another terminal circuit or repeater, as shown in 1, The movement of shaft 55 also moves shaft 58 onetenth of a revolution which operates a cam 59 and effectively connects the gears 61 and 62 for controlling the rheostat 13 of another terminal circuit or repeater similar to that shown completely in 1. The distributor face No. 1 is shown with ten sets of segnnmts rendering it p ssib e to test ten tern'iinal circuits or repeaters such as are shown connected with the lines 1 and 1. It is, of course, to be understood that the number of circuits to be tested may be varied by increasing or decreasing the number of sets of segments upon the distributor face No. 1. As soon as the arm 21 has been rotated so that the brushes and 21 pass on to the next scements 23 and 24.- connected with the circuit shown in Fig. 1, the control relay circuit of station A is closed through by the closing or contact 1%. The contact is so positioned in regard to the cam that the brushes must he on the segments such vas 23 and 2% store the contact 14 is opened, and also the contact must be closed before the brushes pass on to the next succeeding segments. This prevents the possibility of opening the control relay circuit and interrupt-ing the receipt of signals from the sending station.

While this invention has been disclosed as embodied in a particular form, it is to be understood that it is capable of embodiment in other and diiierent forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a system for compensating for bias of telegraph signals consisting of a lengthening or shortening of an impulse, the combination with a line of terminal circuits having printing telegraph apparatus connected therewith and means to automatically adjust the said terminal circuits to compensate for bias of the signals.

2. In a system for compensating for bias of telegraph signals consisting of a lengthening or shortening of an impulse, the combination with a line of terminal circuits having printing telegraph apparatus connected therewith, and means responsive to and controlled by the printing impulse transmitted with each signal character over the said line to automatically adjust a terminal circult to compensate for bias of the said printing impulse.

8. In a system for compensating for bias of telegraph signals consisting of a lengthening or shortening of an impulse, the combination with a line of a terminal circuit having means responsive to signal impulses transmitted by the said line and applied to the said terminal circuit, and means connected with the terminal circuit and controlled by impulses received from the said line to compensate for bias of the signals.

d. In a system for compensating for bias of telegraph signals consisting of a lengthening or shortening of an impulse, the comination with a line having terminal circuits connected therewith adapted to apply signals consisting of impulses of opposite polarity to the said line, and :means connected with one of the said terminal circuits responsive to the signaling impulses applied by the said line to the said terminal circuit and adapted to control compensating means to correct for the bias of an impulse.

5. In a system for compensating for the bias of telegraph signals consisting of a lengthening or shortening of an impulse,

the combination with a duplex telegraph cirpulse.

6. In a system for compensating for bias of telegraph signals consisting of a lengthening or shortening of an impulse, the coinbination with a plurality of lines each having a terminal circuit having apparatus re-' sponsive to signaling impulses sent over the line connected thereto, and means connected with each terminal circuit and common to all of said circuits to adjust automatically the respective terminal circuits to compen-' sate for bias of received signals.

7. In a system for compensating for bias of telegraph signals consisting of a lengthening or shortening of an impulse, the combination with a line of a printing telegraph transmitter connected with one end ofthe said line to apply impulses thereto, a polar relay connected with the opposite end of the said line responsive to the said impulses, a receiving circuit, controlled by the said polar relay, having a. current varying de vice connected therewith, and an impulse testing arrangement comprising means responsive to biased impulses, operatively connected with the said current varying device, to actuate the latter in accordance with the degree and the nature of the bias.

8. In a system for compensating for bias of telegraph signals consisting of alengthening or shortening of an impulse, the combination with a line of a printing telegraph transmitter connected with one end of the said line to apply impulses thereto, a polar relay connected with the opposite end of the said line responsive to the said impulses, a receiving circuit, controlled by. the said polar relay, having a current varying device connected therewith, a relay connected with the said receiving circuit, a plurality of electro-responsive devices con nected with the said current varying clevice, and switching means'to connect the said relay with the said electro-responsive device whereby the said device will be actuated and the said current varying device will be operated.

9. In a system for compensating for bias of telegraph signals consisting of a lengthening or shortening of an impulse, the com bination with a plurality of lines, of printing telegraph transmitters individual to and connected with each of the said lines, polar relays individual to and connected with each of said lines, a receiving circuit for each line controlled by its polar relay and having current varying means connected therewvitl), an impulse testing device common to all lines comprising compensating means responsive to biased impulses operatively connected With the current varying device, of each receiving circuit, and switching means to connect the said compensating means With the receiving circuit of each line circuit for a limited period of time. 1

In testimony whereof, We have signed our names to this specification this 27th day of March, 192%.

EDWARD F. WATSON. ARTHUR E. HUNT.

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