US1578978A - Steam injector operating with live steam and exhaust steam - Google Patents

Description

March 30,192 6.

1.. FRIEDMANN ET AL STEAM INJECTOR OPERATING WITH LIVE STEAM AND EXHAUST"STEAM Filed Dec. 5, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 w dammi:

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ATTORNE L. FRIEDMANN AL March 0,1926.@ -1 ,5 7 s,97s

STEAM INJECTOR OPERATING WITH LIVE STEAM AND EXHAUST STEAM Fiied Dec. 5, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTQRS ATTORNEYS the exhaust steam.

Patented Mar. 30, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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STEAM INJECTOR OPERATING LIVE STEAM AND EXHAUST STEAK.

'- Application flied December 5, 1924. Serial 110. 754,195.

T0071 whom it may concern: I

Be it known that we, LOUIS FRIEDMANN and HANS DEUTscH. both citizens of Austria. and residents of Vienna, Austria, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam Injectors Operating IVith Live Steam and Exhaust Steam, of which the following is a specification.

It is well known that with locomotive engines operating at the customary boiler pressures, the injection of feed water by the pressure of exhaust steam alone is not possible and can be accomplished only by using some live steam in conjunction with relates to an injector which can be readily changed from operation with live steam alone to operation with a mixture of live steam and exhaust, and viceversa, the construction being simple and reliable.

Several satisfactory embodiments of our present invention are illustrated by the accompanying drawings in wlnch Fig. lis

a longitudinal vertical section showing a type of injector in which the change from one mode of operation to the other is efi'ected by a manually operated valve: Fig. 2 is a partial vertical section showing another form of the invention. likewise with a manually operated valve: Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing an arrangement with an automatic valve for changing from one mode of operation to the other: Fig. 4 is a" nozzle into which the live steam nozzle projects. and 3, an annular chamber surrounding the live steam nozzle and adapted to discharge steam into the exhaust nozzle 2. The exhaust steam enters at 4 and, under certain conditions explained. hereinafter, passes through the channel or chamber 5 to the nozzle- 2. Water is admitted at'6 and passes out at 7 under normal conditions, while any excess of water is expelled through the valved outlet 8. Live steam is conveyed to the nozzle 1 through a pipe or conduit 9 and also to the chamber 3 through a conduit 10, preferably having a constricted por- Our present invention ,tion, so that the steam may have its pressure reduced materially before it passes into thechamber 5 orinto the nozzle 2. Under certain conditions live steam will also pass through a conduit 11 to a chamber 12 containing a suitable valve 13 of any appropriate construction, adaptedto be lifted by the pressure of the steam flowing from the conduit 11 to the chamber 12. This valve when lifted is adapted to engage and unseatanother valve 14 which controls the. communication between the chamber 5 and the inlet 4 for exhaust steam- At 15 we have shown a double piston valve adapted to be shifted in either direc tion by means of a manually operated lever 16. position shown in Fig. 1, this valve allows In the end the live steam entering at 17to pass to the two conduits 9 and 10 and therefore to the nozzle 1 and to the chamber 3 respectively. It; will be'understood that from the chamber 3 steam is discharged in an annular jet surrounding the, nozzle 1, into the nozzle 2.

Should the valve 15 be moved to the other end position, it will admit live steam into' 'the'c'onduit 11 which was previously disv connected from the steam supply andat the same time into the conduit '9 supplying steam to the inner nozzle 1, while the supply of steam will be shut off from the conduit 10. The position of the valve 15 shown in Fig. 1 is employedwhen the injector is. to be operated by live steam alone, which isthe case for instance when the engine is standing still or coasting. In this case the live steam will enter the conduits9 and 10 and the injector will be operated by the live steam issuing from the nozzle 1 and also by the expanded steam passing-from the cham-.

ber 3 into the exhaust nozzle 2. Since steam is shut oil from the conduit 11 and the chamber 12, there is no pressure in this conduit and chamber, and the, valves 13 and 14 will therefore rest on the seats below them, thus closing the communication from the mlet 4 to the chamber 5 and preventing the entrance of combustion gases into the injector,

the more-so since the partial vacuum existing in the chamber 5 causes the valve 14 to be pressed tightlyv against its seat.

If it is desired to utilize exhaust steam for the operation of the injector, which of course can be done only while the engine is running, the slide valve 15 is moved to the position in which it shuts ofl? the admission of steam to a the conduit 10 and 'opens such admission to the conduits 9 and 11. Inthis case live steam will pass through conduit 11- to the I 'chamber12, lifting the valve 13 which then operates.

valve operated by the hand lever 16 controls three outlets from the'chamber in which it Fig. 2 illustrates a construction in which the piston valve 18 actuated by the hand lever 16 controls only two outlets, indicated at 19 and 20 respectively. The outlet 19leads to a chamber 21 communicating with the conduit 11. The outlet 20 leads'to a chamber 22v communicating with the con-.

vduit 1Q,preferablv through a constricted passage or duct.- The conduit 9 communicates either with the chamber 21 or with the chamber 22.- according to the position of a shifting valve 23 which is moved automatically by the. pressure of the steam in that chamber. 21 or 22'. which at that time. owing to the position of the controlling valve 18, is in communication with the live steam in- I, let 17; Fig. 2 shows thevalve 23 in such a position that live steam will pass both to the conduit 9'and to the conduit 11. It will be understood that the parts not illustrated in Fig. 2 and connected with the conduits 9'.

and 1-1 are to be of the same construction as inFig. 1. When the piston valve 18' is moved to the position in which it closes communication between the inlet 17 and the outlet 19. it will admit steam to the outletand chamher22. thus not onlv permitting live steam to' passto the conduit 10 but causing the valve 23 to shift so as to connect the conduit 9 with the chamber 22. and disconnect said conduit 9from the chamber21.

From the description given in connection withFig. 1 it will be understood-"readily that. in Fig. 2 as well. admission of steam to the conduits 9 and 10 will cause the injector to be operated with live steam alone, while admission of live steam to the conduits 9 and 11 will cause the iniector' to be oper-v ated with a combination of live steam and v exhaust steam.

Fig. 3 shows aniniector of the same generaltype as Fig. 1 but with an automatic device for'shifting the steam connect ons of the conduits 9, 10 and 11. The shifting .valve 24 has a small lower'portion which,

when resting on its lower seat 25 closes the communication from the live steam inlet 17 to the steam conduit 10. The upperend of this valve 24 is larger. and when lifted to engage the corresponding upper seat ,26.

closes the connection from the steam inlet 17 to the conduit 11. The steam conduit 9 in permanent communication with the steam inlet 17. At 28 we have indicated a chamber which by means of a conduit 29 is in permanent communication with the slide valve chest of the engine.- In this chamber is' arranged a valve 27 which when seated shuts off communication between the chamber'28 and the conduit 29. The valve 24 has an upward projection of such length that as said valve moves upward and before it engages its upper seat 26. said projection will come in contact with the valve 27 and lift it from its seat. In other words the movement ofthe lower .valve 24 is greater than the space or lost motion between those portions of the two valves which come into engagement upon'the upward movement of the lowpr valve 24. When the locomotive engine 15 running under steam and it live steam is admitted through the inlet 17, the valve 27 will be seated because boiler pressure prevails in the chamber 28 in view of the fact that the conduit 29 connects said chamber with the slide valvechest. The shifting valve 24 will not be able to seat upwardly, since the valve 27,'held forcibly on its seat. will form a stop for, the lower valve 24. The latter therefore will remain on its lower seat 25 so 'thatthe live steam will flow from the inlet 17 to the'conduits 9 and 11. The steam fiowingthrough the conduit 9 will be discharged through the nozzle 1, while the steam passing through the conduit-11 will lift the valve 13, opening the valve 14 as described above and allowing the exhaust steam to-pass from the inlet 4 to the chamber 5 and the nozzle 2.

When the throttle of the locomotive is closed, so that there is no longer any exhaust steam. the pressure in the slide valve chest will fall to about atmospheric pressure. As" a result, there will be practically no pressure in the chamber 28. and the boiler pressure prevailing in 17 will lift and press the valve 24 against its upper seat 26, s1nce the valve 27 no longer will stop the upward movement of the valve 24. This will cause will operate exclusively with live steam sup-1. plied through the conduits 9 and 10, the

steam flowing through the conduit 9 being of high pressure. While'the pressureof the steam passing through the conduit 10 is somewhat lower, owing to the fa'ctthat the steam is throttled bv the contraction shown at the upper. end of the conduit 10'.

In some cases it is desirable when starting the injector to admit only small amounts of steam but at a high velocity, into the injector nozzlesin order to produce in the to their lower positions. and the injector water inlet 6 the suction. or vacuum necessary for priming the injector, i. e. for starting the flow of water. This is the case particularly when the injector acts by suction, in other words when it is located at a higher level than the surface of the water inthe tender, or when the feed water'is unutually the conduit 9 and therefore to the nozzle 1,

and thereupon a passage from said steam inlet 31 to either the conduit 10, or the conduit 11, according to the position of the shifting valve 24, which is of the same character as described with reference to Fig. 3. It will be noted that the portion 32 of the controlling member is shaped as a piston sliding in an opening which connects the conduit 9 with the chamber 17 in which the valve 24 is located. The portion of the controlling member which closes or opens the connection between the inlet 31 and the conduit 9 is constructed as a valve of the ordinary tapering shape. It will be evident from Fig. 4 that when the controlling member is rotated by means of the hand wheel shown at its left hand end, said member will be moved toward the left, owing to the provision of screw threads engaging correspondin g threads in the stationary casing, The in et 31 will thus be brought into connection with the conduit 9 and a small amount of high velocity steam will pass to the inner nozzle 1 thus starting the flow of water. As long as the cylindrical portion 32 of the controlling member remains Within the opening. leading from the conduit 9 to the chamber 17, no steam will pass through said opening, slnce a practically steam tight fit is employed at this point. lVhen however the con- 1 trolling member has been moved to the left far enough to bring the right hand end of the cylindrical portion 32 entirely out of the opening by which chamber 17 may communicate with the conduit 9,] steam will pass from the inlet 31 both to the conduit 9 and to the chamber 17. The operation will then be the same as explained-in connection with Fig. 3,,that is to say, as long as the engine proper is running, the valve 24 will be'in it: lower position, andthe injector will be supplied both with live steam (through the conduit 9) and with exhaust steam (through the open valve 14), while when the engine is standing still or when for anyother reason there is practically no pressure in the chamber 28, the valve 24 will be lifted so that only live steam will be supplied to the injector through the conduits 9 and 10). In Figs. 5 and 6 we have illustrated two constructions which diifer from thoseshown in Figs. 1 and 3 only in the following particula'r: The steamconduit 10 does not lead to a narrow annular chamber such as 3 in Figs. 1 and 3, surrounding the inner nozzle 1 Within the chamber 5, but such conduit 10 leads directly into thesaid chamber 5, preferably at the upper portion thereof. This arrangement is particularly of advantage in cases where a restricted amount of space is available, so that the chamber 5 cannot be made of large external dimensions. By dispensing with those parts Which in Figs. 1

and .3 surround the inner nozzle 1 to form the annular chamber 3 therewlth, the effective cross section of the passage through which the exhaust steam may flow from the inlet 4 to the'nozzle 2 is increased without increasing the external dimensions of the chamber 5,'and the throttling action exerted in Figs. 1 and 3 by the outer walls of the annular chamber 3 is avoided. It is true that in this case the kinetic energy of the expanded live steam passing through the conduit 10 is not utilized, but this is not a serious objection if care is taken to avoid throttling the steam too much and thus effecting too great a reduction of its pressure, Various-1'nodifications may be made without departing from the nature of our invention as set forth in the appended claims.

For instance, piston valves, slide valves, or

cocks may be substituted for the controlling member 30, 32 of Fig. 4, or any other device that will accomplish the same function. I

devices accomplishing the same purpose,,for

instance slide valves, double valves, connected valves or the like. \Vhere the annular chamber 3 is-employed, as in Figs. 1 and 3. its outlet towards the nozzle 2 need not be an annular slit as illustrated but might consist of an annular series of openings disposed around the nozzle 1.

lVe claim as our invention:

1. The combination with an exhaust steam injector having connected therewith, a conduit leading to the exhaust steam lineof an engine. a second conduit "for supplying auxiliary live steam to said injector, and a third conduit for supplying supplementary live steam to said injector, of a valve casing to which said second and third conduits are connected, means to supply live steam to pressure actuated means withinsaid casing, and a pipe connecting said fluid pressure means with the main steamline' of the engine, said fluid pressure means being constructed and arranged to contact with-said freely -mounted valve and prevent it from opening said second conduit when said pipe contains steam under pressure.

2. A combination as set forth in claim 1 in which a manually controlled valve is mounted within said casing for controlling the admission to said casing of steam from said live steamsupply "means.

A combination as set forth in claim 1 in which a manually controlled valve ismounted Within said casing for controlling,

the admission of livesteam thereto, said manually controlled valve being arranged when opened to permit the passage oi said live steam to said third conduit and to said freely mounted valve. V

4. The combination with an exhaust steam injector having connected therewith an exhaust steam conduit, an auxiliary live steam conduit and a supplementary live steam conduit, of a valve casing to which said supplementary and live steam conduits are connected, said valve casing being provided with a chamber having freely mounted therein an automatic valve adapted normally to close said auxiliary live steam conduit, and a manually operated valve mounted in said casing for controlling the admission of steam to said valve casing and chamber. 5. combination as set forth in claim 4 m which said manually operated valve is so constructed and arranged that when it is' opened live steam will be admitted first to said supplementary live steam conduit and then to said chamber.

6. The combination with an exhaust steam injector having connected therewith an exhaust steamconduit, an auxiliary live steam conduit and a supplementary live steam condult, of a valve casing to which said auxiladmission of live steam to said supplementary live steam conduit before the admission of live steam. to said auxiliary live steam conduit. l

7. The combination with an exhaust steam injector having connected therewith an exhaust steam conduit, an auxiliary live steam conduit and a supplementary live steamgconduit, of a valve casing to which said auxiliary and supplementary live'steam condults are connected, means for connecting said casing with a source of live steam, an exhaust steam valve. for controlling the adm ssion of steam to said injector through said exhaust steam conduit, fluid pressure actuated means for operating said valve, a pipe connecting said valve casing and fluid pressure means, an automatic valve for admi tstructed and arranged that the steam ting live steamto said auxiliary live steam conduit or to said pipe and a manually opoperated valve being constructed and ar-.

ranged to insure the admission of live steam to said supplemental live steam conduit before live steam is admitted to either said auxiliary conduit orsaid pipe. 8. In a control system .for an exhaust steam injector, an exhaust steam condult having a valve and fluid pressure actuated means for operating saidv valve, a supplementary live steam conduit, an auxiliary live steam conduit, an automatic valve for admitting steam to said fluid pressure means or to said auxiliary live-steam conduit, and a manually operated valve foradmitting live steam to said supplementary live steam conduit and then to said automatic valve, said manually operated valve being so conbe admitted to said automatic valve before its admission to said supplementary live steam conduit.

can not 9. An apparatus of the class described,

comprising an inner nozzle, an outer nozzle, a chamber surrounding said inner nozzle and communicating with said outer nozzle, a pair of live steamconduits, one leading to said inner nozzle and the other discharging directly into said chamber, an exhaust steam inlet, a valve controlling a connection from said inlet to said. chamber," another valve adapted to unseat and operate the first mentioned valve, a third live steam conduit lead ing to said second valve to operate it, and a controlling valve which in one position shuts 'ofl live steam from said third conduit, while in another position said controlling valve shuts ofl steam from the conduit leading-to said chamber.

10. An apparatus of the class described, comprising an inner nozzle, an outer nozzle,

a chamber in which said inner nozzle is located, live steam conduits leading respec-' tively tosaid chamber and to the inner 1102- 1 zle, an exhaust steam inlet, a live steam inlet in permanent communication with one of from said steam inlet to the other conduit, and in another position opens such connection, an exhaust steam inlet. a valve control- .ling a connection from said exhaust steam inlet to said chamber, an actuating valve adapted to unseat and operate said exhaust--v controlling valve. a conduit for supplying steam from the hvesteam inlet tosuch acsaid conduits, an automatic controlling valve a which in one posltlon shuts ofl connection 25 tuating valve, the connection of said conis in operation, and a valve controlling the connection of the last mentioned chamber with the conduit leading to the actuating valve, the latter forming a stop to'normally prevent the seating of the controlling valve on that seat which is related to theconduit leading to the actuating valve.

11. An apparatus of the class described, comprising an inner nozzle, an outer nozzle,

a chamber. in which said inner nozzle is located, live steam conduits leading irespectively to said chamber and to the inner nozzle, an exhaust steam inlet, a live steam inlet in permanent communication with one of said conduits, an automatic controlling valve having at its respective ends, seating surfaces of difi'erent diameters, the smaller surface bein adapted to control the connection of the said steam inlet with the other conduit, an exhaust steam inlet, a valvecontrolling a connection from said exhaust steam inlet to said chamber, an actuating valve adapted to unseat and operate said exhaustcontrolling valve, a conduit for supplying steam from the live steam inlet to such acduit with the live steam inlet being controlled by the portion of the controlling Valve having the larger seatingsurface, an-

other chamber having aconnection for supply ng high pressure steam thereto whenthe engine is in operation, and a valve controlling the connection of the last mentioned chamber with the conduit leading to the actuating valve, the latter forming a stop to norma y prevent the seating of the controllingvalve on that seat which is related to the conduit leading to the actuating valve.-

12. An apparatus according to claim 10, in

which an additional controlling'member op crates to connect the live steam inlet first 'only ,with the conduit leading to the inner which connects said conduit With'the chamber containing the automatic controlling valve, when sald plston is clear of said open- 1n 4 ln testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands. a 1 v LOUIS FRIEDMANN.

HANS DEUTSCH.

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