US1573248A

US1573248A - Fuel injection device

Info

Publication number: US1573248A
Application number: US754641A
Authority: US
Inventors: Johnsen Peter
Original assignee: CLAUDE L JOHNSON
Current assignee: CLAUDE L JOHNSON
Priority date: 1924-12-08
Filing date: 1924-12-08
Publication date: 1926-02-16
Anticipated expiration: 1943-02-16

Description

FUEL INJECTION DEVICE Filed Dec. 8, 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 gl 9b 33 31 25693. 59 (l Q 54' :RQ/ SZ 78 35 87 50 Qi; glu/W110i Feb. 16 1926. 1,573,248

P. .JOHNSEN FUEL INJECTI ON DEVICE Filed Deo. .8, 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet-2 Pff/fer .joh/75er;

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Feb. 16 1926.

1,573,248 P. JOHNSEN FUEL INJECTION DEVICE Filed Dec. 8, 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Feb. 16, 1926.

UNITED STATES 1,573,248 PATENT OFFICE.

PETER JOHNSEN, F NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO CLAUDE L. JOHNSON, 0F NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANEST FV'UEL INJECTION DEVICE.

Application tiled-December 8, 1924. Serial No. 754,641.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PETER JoHNsEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Orleans, inthe parish of Orleans and State of Louisiana, have invented new and useful Improvements in Fuel-Injection Devices, of which the following is-a specification;A

This invention relates to inspirators for internal combustion engine and more especially to improvemeans liquid,fuel into the'jcombustion chamber at the desired period inthe cycle ofthe engine. v

The primary. object of the invention is to provide an inspirator, in which the fuel is delivered under alhigh velocity to the chamber through a deliveryy nozzle having mounted therein a spray tiplformed withspiral 20 grooves, so that the fuel will be divided into capillary streams and given a turbulent motion, thus insuring a complete va orization of the` product of combustion wit out detonation or iiuctuation in the :operation of the 25 engine.-

j A further object ofthe invention consists in the particular manner of operatively connectingthe fuel delivery plunger to the fuel pump so that the ystroke of the plunger and 30 the supply of fuel being delivered to the inspirator may be simultaneously varied, de-

pending upon the load or theI particular use to which the engine is to be ap lied.

Referring to the drawings, w ierein is set forth several preferred embodiments of the invention g v Figure lis a side elevational view of an internal combustion engine witli my invention attached thereto.

Figure 2 is a front end view of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a vertical sectionalview of the inspirator showing the same mounted on the cylinderfhead of the engine.

Higelin, 4s isi-an,"- enl'arged sectional detail view ,of lower portion fof the delivery Figure ons a plan view of vthe spray phig.A

Figure tl is a detail sectional view of the driveshaft `short/i1'igythe manner in whith the fuel punip cams are V'cormfected thereto. `Figure 'isasectionalview takenv enh stantielljtY along-the Eine TM? of Figure G. Figure 8 is a side elevational view., with parts in section, of a modified form of 'the inventief..

s for supplying.

Figure 9 is an enlarged plan view of Figure 8, and j Figure 10 is a detail view of the slida-y ble cam shown in Figure 9.

Referring to the drawings, in which like numerals designate like parts in the several views,l 10 denotes an internal combustion engine which, for the purpose of illustration, is conventionally shown 0f the two cycle type, having three 'cylinders 11, anda ily Wheel 12 secured to the crank shaft 13 of the engine. l l

' The head 14 of each of the cylinders 11 has an orifice 15 for receiving an inspirator .16. The downward movement of the inspirator in the cylinder is limited by a flange 17 through which extend the bolts '18 for securing the device to the engine. Y The inspirator referably consists of a delivel nozzle 19 .aving an axial bore 20 and a-conical seat 21 formed adjacent'its lower end, which communicate with the combustion chamber of the engine through the restricted port 22, as lshown in Figure 3. Positioned within the bore 2O is a sleeve 23, preferably 0f bronze, which has at its upper end an annular groove 24 communicating with a spiral or tortuous passage 24. A fuel supply pipe 25 communicates with the annular groove 24 through an opening 26, while the opposite extremity o the passage 24 connects with radial ports 27 in the lower end of the sleeve so as to deliver the fuel from the supply 25 to a chamber 29. A spray plug or tip 30, preferablytapered at its lower end, snugly fits in the seat 21, and has a centrai opening 3l in the top thereof, which communicates with a series of spiral grooves 33 by means of the inclined ports 34,vpreferably four in number, as shown in Figure The top of the plug engages the adjacent lower end of the sleeve and is maintained in position thereby, while the tapered portion fits into theseat 21 solas to preclude the pos- R sbfilit of thoffuel seeping or dripping past t. Mm i ug. 4 eciprocating plunger 35, having an. enlarged head 36, extends within the sleeve 23, and is slidably maintained in position by a packing 3? and a gland 3S which'fit in a threaded counterbore 39 in the nozzle 19. The plunger is normally forced upwardly, preferably by a coil spring 40 interposed between the head 3G and the adjacent face of the gland 38.

illtl A laterally projecting arm 41 extends upwardly from one side of the nozzle 19 and has pivoted thereto, as at 42, an operating lever 43. One end of the lever 43 is arranged to contact with thehead 36 of the plunger and is preferably provided with a vertical opening, through which extends a threaded bolt 44 that may be adjusted so as to vary the tension of the spring 40. The opposite extremity of the lever 43 has a recess socket 45 in the underside thereof which receives the adjacent curved end 46 of a push rod 47`movably connected to the side of each of the cylinders by the clamp 4S and the guide lug 49. The lower end of the I push rod 47 is preferably forked, as at 50, and has journalledtherein a roller 51, which contacts with a longitudinally tapered cam 52 keyed to the shaft 53.

A suction pump 54 for each of the cylinders 11 delivers the Afuel from any suitable point of supply to the pipes 25, where it is conducted through the port 26 and the tortuous passage 24 to the chamber 29 formed in the lower end cf the sleeve between the spray plug 30 and the plunger 35.

As there is a separate pump delivering to yeach cylinder, their number will vary, depending upon the number of cylinders of the engine. Preferably the pumps 54 will be closely positioned with respect to each other, as shown in Figure1. Each of the pumps 54 has an outwardly projecting piston or plunger 55, which controls the inlet and outlet supply of fuel to the pump, and

is arranged to contact with

adjacent cams

56, 57 and 58 carried by the sleeve 59 on the shaft 53. The

cams

56, 57 and 58 are preferably longitudinally tapered and are of the same number as the cylinders of the engine. rI'hc outer cam 56 is keyed to a rib 60 and is adjustably connected to the operating collar 6l i by means of a dowel pin 62 arranged to be selectively inserted in the opening 63 formed in the adjacent faces of the cam and the collar. The

cams

57 and 58 are similarly provided with complementary openings which receive dowel pins so that each of these cams may be adjusted rotatably relative to each other for selectively varying the delivery of fuel to the several cylinders. A nut 64 threaded to one end ot' the sleeve 59 secures the

cams

56, 57 and 58 in fixed position on the shaft 53, and may be readily removed therefrom for the purpose of permitting the cams to be adjusted. l

A shaft 65 slidably mounted in the brackets 66 on the engine carries the spaced arms 67 which are provided with .the sleeves 68 having set screws 69 that engage theshaft'for adjustably securing the arms thereon. The upper ends-of each of the arms 67 is preferably forked, as at 7() so as to engage compleincntary grooves 71 in each of the tapered cams 52 and the collar 61, so that upon moving the rod 65 longitudinally the contact of the cams with, the rollers 51 and the plunger-s 55, will be simultaneously Varied. While the rod 65 is arranged to be manually operated, the same may be connected to a part of the engine so as to be mechanically controlled.

A'bracket 72 secured to the side of the engine by the bolts 73 supports the shaft 53., wlnch shaft is rotatably connected to the crank shaft 13 in any suitable manner, Vsuch as by the silent chain 74.

As a heavy grade of fuel is usually employed in the type of engines to which the inspirator is applied, the pump 54 is preferably provided with a drain cock 75, while a primer 76 on the supply pipe 25' receives the lighter fuel such as gasoline for initially starting the engine, the heavyfuel tending to force the gasoline' into the cylinder where 1t is quickly ignited by the spark plug 77.

The operation of the device is as follows:

Assuming the engine to be in operation, the plunger 35 lwill force the fuel from the chamber 29 through the grooves 86 of the spray plug into the combustion chamber at predetermined intervals. lf it is desired to vary the stroke of the plunger, due to change of load, the shaft 65 is moved longitudinally so to either increase or decrease the stroke of the plunger as may be desired, and simultaneously therewith, the supply of fuel from the pump 54 and the nozzle 18 will be proportionately varied. Furthermore,

should it be necessary to vary the supply tof fuel to the several cylinders, this may be readily accomplished by selectively adjusting the

tapered cams

56, 57 and 58 relative to each other.

The modified form of the invention illustrated in Figure 8 is substantially similar1 in operation to that previously described, with the exception that the inspirator `'73, which is mounted on the cylinder head 79 of the engine, has a supporting arm 80, to which is pivoted at one end an operation lever 81, a.; at 81. The lever 81 has an opening therein, through lwhich extends the reciprocating plunger 82 which forces the fuel into the combustion chamber at the proper period in the cycle of the engine. The opposite end ofthe arm 81 is preferably forked and has journalled therein a roller 83 which engages the longitudinally tapered cam 84 keyed to the shaft`85, as at 86 but 1 arranged to be slidab'le thereon. The cam 84 is operatively connected to a fuel pump, not shown. througlrthe instrumentality of a forked arm 87, which engages the complementary groove 88 in the adjacent wall of the cam 84 so as to permit the contact surface of the cam 84 with the roller 83 to vary upon the cam being moved longitudinally relative to the shaft85.

The lever 81 between its ends is provided with a swell portion 89 which engages the underside of the plunger head 90. A coil spring 91 positioned between the plunger head 90 and the plate 92 normally tends to force the plunger downwardly against the action of the lever S1, while an adjustable screw 93, which extends tlirough-an opening in the cap 94 is provided to vary the tension of the spring 91 when the same `is found desii'able.

It will be seen that upon the rotation of the cam S4, the adjacent end` of the lever 81 will descend, thus allowing the spring ress the plunger 82 downwardly, which in turn forces the fuel through the nozzle in the inannei' as previously described. Obviously, the timing of the reciprocating plunger is such that the delivery ofthe fuelV to the combustion engine will occur at the proper moment in the cycle of the engine which may be readily controlledand varied by the actuation of the cams, depending upon the particular' kind of work with which the engine is to be used or the grade of fuel being employed. v

By reason of the particular formation of the spray plug 21, the fuel is forced into the combustion chamber of the engine in capillary streams and giving a turbulent motion, thus insuring proper combustion and atoniization of-the fuel without danger of detonation Furthermore, as the spiral grooves 25 ai'e protected by the adjacent tapered wall of the nozzle, the formation of carbon deposits thereon is prevented, whilethe probability of carbon collecting on the lower end or tip of the plug is practically precluded, due to the velocity with `which the fuel is forced through the grooves into the combustion chamber.

It is to be understood that the several forms of the invention herewith shownl and described are merely illustrative, and in no sense restrictive, and that such changes as fall withinthe purview of one skilled in the art may be made without departing fi'oin the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

I claim: I

1. In combination with a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, of an inspirator communicating with the interior of said cylinder, a reciprocating plunger in said inspirator foi' forcing the fuell into said cylin- -der, a fuel pump delivering to lsaid inspiratoi', a common drive means operatively associated with said fuel pump and inspirator foi' delivering fuel to .theengme at predetermined intervals, and means forv simultaneously varying the quantity of fuel to the inspirator and the stroke of the plunger. Y

2. In combination with a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, of an inspirator communicating. with the interior of said cylinder, a reciprocating plunger in said inspirator for forcing the fuel into said cylinder, a fuel pump delivering to said inspirator, a common drive means operatively associated with said fuel pump and inspirator for delivering fuel to the engine at pi'edetern'iined intervals, and slidable meansl for simultaneously varying the quantity ot' fuel to the inspirator and the stroke of the plunger.

3. The combination with the cylinder of `an internal combustion engine, of an inspirator' communicating with the interior of said cylinder', a reciprocating plunger in "said inspirator for forcing the fuel into said cylinder, :i lever pivoted to said inspirator and engaging said plunger, a push rod connected to said lever', a fuel pump delivering to said inspirator, and a common drive means operatively associated with said push rod and pump for forcing the fuel to said inspirator at predetermined intervals.

Ll. The combination with the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, of an inspirator' connnunicatihg with the interior of said cylinder, a reciprocating plunger in said inspirator for forcing the fuel into said cylinder, a lever pivoted to said inspirator and engaging said plunger, a push rod con-` nected to said lever, a fuel pnrnp delivering to said inspirator, and longitudinally tapei'cd cams operatively associated with said push i'od and pump for' forcing fuel through said inspirator at prcdcteri'nined intei'va s, and slidable means connected to said cams for simultaneously varying the supply of fuel to the inspirator and the movement of the plunger.

5. The combination with the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, of an inspirator communicating with the interior of said cylinder, a` i'cciprocatii'ig plunger in said inspirator for forcing the fuel into said cylinder, a. lever pivoted to said inspirator and engaging said plunger, a push i'od connected to said lever', a fuel pump delivering to said inspirator, a shaft mounted on Said engine, a cani keyed to said shaft and contacting with the lower end of said push rod, means for rotating said shaft, a second cam on said shaft, said pump having a vieldable member contacting with said last mentioned cam, means for rotating said shaft, and means for simultaneously varying the stroke of the plunger' and the supply of fuel from the pump to said inspirator.

G. The combination with the cylinders of an internal combustion engine, of an inspirator mounted on each of said cylinders and communicating with the interior' thereof, a reciprocating plunger in said inspirator; a lever' pivoted to said inspirator and contacting with said lunger, a push i'od connected to said lever' or actuating the saine, a fuel pump for each of said cylinders, ashaft iiso mounted on said engine, tapered cams keyed to said shaft, said pump having a piston engaging one of the cams, said push rod engaging the o-tlier of the cams, and means for simultaneously operating said cams for varying the stroke of the plunger and the supply of fuel to the engine.

7. The combination with the cylinders of .an internal combustion engine of an inspirator mounted on each of said cylinders and communicating With the interior thereof, a reciprocating plunger extending into said inspirator, a fuel pump delivering to said inspirator, a rotatable shaft on said engine, longitudinally taperedl cams keyed to said shaft and operatively connected to said plunger and pump, and slidable means associated with said cams for simultaneously varying the stroke of the plunger and the supply of fuel to said inspirator.

8. The combination with the cylinders of an internal combustion engine, of an inspirator mounted on each of said cylinders and communication with the interior thereof, a reciprocating plunger extending into said inspirator, a push rod operativelyl connected to said plunger, a fuel pump for each of said cylinders having outwardly projecting pistons, ashaft, means for rotating said shaft.-

longitudinally adjustable cams keyed'to said shaft and adapted to engage the push rods and pistons respectively for simultaneously controllin the supply of fuell to the cylinders, slida le means connected to said cams for simultaneously varying the stroke of the plunger and the supply of fuel to said inspirator. Y

9. The combination With the cylinders of an internal combustion engine, of an inspirator mounted on each of said cylinders and communicating With the interior thereof-,n reciprocating pliingei-exteiiding into said inspiffator, apush rod operatively connected to said plunger, a fuel pump for each of said cylinders having outwardly projectingr pistons. a shaft, means for rotating said shaft, longitudinally tapered cams keyed to said. shaft and adapted to engage the push rods and pistons respectively, and means for simultaneously moving said cams lengthwise ot' said shaft for varying the stroke of the plunger and the supply of fuel to the inspirato'i.

10' An inspirator of the class described comprising a delivery nozzle having an axial hoi'e and a tapered seat therein, a spray plug engaging said seat and having a series of spiral `grooves in the wall thereof, a sleeve within said bore, a fuel passage formed in the periphery of said sleeve, a fuel supply delivering to one end of said passage, a chamber communicating with Vthe opposite end of the passage, a reciprocating plunger traversing said sleeve, and means for actuating said plunger for forcing the fuel chamber communicating end of said passage, said plug having converging ports connecting said chamber with said spiral grooves, a reciprocating plunger traversing saidk sleeve, and means for actuating said plunger for forcing the fuel from said chamber through said grooves into the cylinder of an engine.

12. An inspirator of the class described comprising a delivery nozzle having an axial bore and a tapered seat therein, a conical plug engaging said seat and having a series of spiral Grooves in the Wall thereof, a sleeve within' said bore having a tortuous passage formed in the periphery thereof, a fuel supply delivering to one endof said passage, a with the opposite end of said passage, said plug having converging ports connecting said chamber with said spiral grooves, a reciprocating plunger traversingsaid sleeve, said nozzle having an arm projecting upwardly therefrom, a lever pivoted to said arm and operatively engaging said plunger for moving the latter in one direction, and means. for moving said plungerin an opposite direction to that of said lever.

13. An inspirator of the class described comprising a delivery nozzle having an axial bore and a tapered` seat therein, a conical plug engaging said seat and having a series of spiral grooves in the Wall thereof, a sleeve within said bore having aftortuous passage formed iii the periphery thereof, a fuel supply delivering to one end of said passage,-a

chamber communicating with the opposite end of said passage., said plug having converging poi-ts connecting said chamber with said spiral grooves, a reciprocating plunger traversing said sleeve, said nozzle having an arm projecting upwardly therefrom, a lever pivoted to said arm and operatively engaging said plunger for moving the latter in one direction, and-yieldable means for moving said plunger in an opposite direction to that of said lever.

14. The combination with the cylinders of an engine, of an inspirator coininunicating with leach of the cylinders, a reciprocating plunger in each of the inspirators for forcing the fuel into the combustion chainher, a fuel pump delivering to each of the inspira-tors and having a valve controlled piston extending therefrom, a shaft mounted on said engine, a series of cams keyed to said shaft, each of said cams adapted to engage the adj acont cam on the shaft, means for rotatably adjusting each of the cams relative to one another, means on said shaft operatively connected to said plunger for simultaneously varying the stroke of the plunger and the supply of fuel to the inspirator, and ineans fo'r rotating said shaft.

15. The combination with the cylinders of an engine, of an inspirator communicating with each of the cylinders, a reciprocating plunger iireach of the inspirators for forcing the fuel into the combustion chamber, a fuel pump delivering to each of the inspirators and having a valve controlled piston extending therefrom, a shaft mounted on said engine, a series of eains keyed to said shaft, each of said cams adapted to engage the adjacent eain on the shaft, said cams having aligned openings therein, pins adapted to engage said openings for adjusting each of the earns rotatively relative to one another, and movable means on said shaft operatively connected to said plunger whereby the stroke of the plunger may be simultaneously varied with the supply of fuel to the inspirator.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

PETER JOHNSEN.