US1572547A - Calcitlatob - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 9 1926,

- R. W. MALLDER CALCULATOR Filed Deo. l2, 1922 4ure 1;

Patented F eb, 9, 19236.

UNITED STATES PATENT carica.

CALCULATR.

Application led December 12, 1922. Serial No. 606,452.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT VILLIAM MALLDER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Dubuque, in the county ot Dubuque and State of Iowa, have invented certain new and useful Im rovemcnts in Calculators, of which the tibllowing is a specification. v

This invention relates in general to calculators of the tabular type, and more particularly to a wire-size calculator especially adapted for the use of linemen, Wiremen, architects or engineers for determining wire sizes for light and power.

The'object of the invention is to provide a device of this character by which the proper size w're may be determined for a given voltage; current, distance and percent loss or by which the percent lossvmay be ascertained for a given voltage, current, distance and Wire size, the calculator being so organized and constructed that the necessity for carrying out mathematical calculations is obviated while at the same time the calculator may be quickly set and shows at a glance the advantages or disadvantages of using a higher or lower voltage.

Other objects and advantages of the invention reside in certain novel features of the construction, combination and arrangement of parts which will be hereinafter more fully described and particularly pointed out in the appended claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, and in which: A Figure l is a View in elevation of one side of the calculator embodying the present invention; :y

Figure 2 is Aa similar View of the `opposite side of the calculator shown in Figure l;

Figure 3 is a view of one side of the main disk embodied in the calculator;

Figure 4 is a similar View of the opposite sident the disk shown lin Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a view in transverse section, taken approximately on line 5-5 of Fig- Figure 6 is a view in elevation of the Figure 7 is a fragmentary View in section showing the construction employing a rivet for associating the disks ci' the calculator with each other.

Before proceeding with the detail de`- scription of the construction of the calculator and the manner of using the same, it is `thought best, in order to acquaint those skilled in the art- With the manner of making or producing the calculator, to advert to the principles underlying the calculator and to the properties of the materials with which it deals as well as to include the tables from which the quantities or numbers employed in the'calculator are derived, each table being accompanied by a short description pointing out its salient and more important features. It is to be understood however that these principles and tables are not for use in conjunction With the caiculator but are necessary for an understand ing oi' the manner in which it is produced.

The principle of the device is the geometrical or logarithmic progression in the YVire Gauge.

This progression is obtained as follows:

Logarithms.

The; diameter of size 0000 is 460.

mils 2. 662758 The diameter of size is 5. mils-- 698970 Logarithmic difference 1. 963783 There are 39 sizes between No. 000() and No. 36. Therefore the logarithmic diiierence for each size will be 1/39 of log. 1.963788 or log. 0503535. There will be this difference of .0503535 in the logarithm of a Wire diameter and the next larger size. As the circular mils. is the square of the diameter in mils., there will be a difference of 2X.0503535 orlog. .100707 in the circular mils.'

This device is so made and constructed that all the quantities in the various cooperating tables have this progression of .100707 in the logarithms of the numbers representingl them.

@opper wire. Circular 73 of the Bureau of Standards sizes of the Browne t Sharpe or American 'i h@ fol wires .100 or larger 1%, and snzazllcn' hun (Jima 25, i918) @n copper ,100, l 1mi over or under.

lowing specifica ns -he fme'can @ociety Tesmg ver Wires.

Formum.

current 01 single phase.

` d le Colmi (with shmenec; dciu'mi) Stranded wir@ is assumc@ rubber taken Manga?. im

1. A the i sam@ @mss s anc@ 1s dus 1 s: Glind by ha cvumn @can amps??? ,000000 and 15 pcmge i@ l., and addi by adding .008600 'o each log.

spondng to no L: 50 column made" 903753020 to @adx f3fff3 in, the headed, 'hemeical lo@ nuu'tlplymg by .85(5), declined.

log. amps. amps. lng. amps.

lem."

ius Eng; Nh

CTI

TABLE No. 2.

%Lss.

l 0 sllplfse v91, Loss, 3 phase. Theoretical l log. loss. i

Annld. y Strd. Anuld. Slrd.

1. 409898 25. 7 26. 2 22. 3 22. 7 1 309191 20. 4 20A 8 17. 6 18. 0 1 208484 10.2 10.5 14.0 14.3 1.107777 12.8 13.1 11.1 11.3 1, 007070 10. 2 10. 4 8. S0 0. 00 006363 5. 8. 20 7. 00 7. l0 805056 6. 6. 50 5. 50 5. 00 704949 5. 10 5. 20 4. 40 4. 50 004242 4. 00 4. 10 3. 50 3. 55 503535 3. 20 3. 25 2. 70 2. 82 402828 2. 53 2. 58 2. 20 2. 23 .302121 2.00 2.05 1.74 1.77 201414 1.60 21.62 1.38 1,-10 .100707 1.26 1.29 1.09 1.11` 000000 1. 00 -'1. 02 870 S80 9. 899203-10 S00 810 000 700 9. 798586-10 630 040 540 560 9. 697879-111 500 i 510 430 440 Valtaf, e.

Talinn No. 3.

VOM/ge.

r f7.7 l l |l`licm'eticnl Theor. 100s Theoretical Theor. Volts 1 losvolis volts. l used. i 10g. volts. volts. used. i i l 1. :54.503 l 34.50 l .r .70 1. l 442.22 442.0 1. 557 0" 558. 0 i. 1 Il.. i 1v 3' i 1 l 2. 1 l

Distance.

The distance is obtained Jrrom the formula,

Changing to a logarithmic formula, We have: Log. D==log. C. Mf-log. volts lostlog. 2li-Jog. C.

Table No.V 4 gives the distances used on this device and is obtained as follows:

Using- No. 0000 Wire and 1 amp. at 1% loss and V110 volts, and K for annealed ccpvsingle heading receiving space 15 having ani per at 10.565, We have the log'. dis"t =lo 1. 4.042009 or the distanceis 11016-`-eet.

Thecolumn headed, Theoretical l100. feet, in Table No.4, is obtained by adding .100707 for each succeeding distance greater than 4.042009, and subtracting .100707 for each succeeding distance less.

The column headed, Feet, gives the numbers to 5 significant igures corresponding to the logs. in the column headed, 7 Theoretical log. feet.

The column headed, Feet'used, is obtained from the column headed, Feet, by shortening the decimal.

80 TABLE No. 4.

Dzstance.

Theorctiv Feet Theoretical Feet celgg Feet" used, log. feet. Feet' used. S5

8. 300 3 337060 2173. 0 2173. l0. 3 437767 2740. 1 2740. 13.20 s 538414 3455.2 3455. 10. 3 639181 4357. 0 4357. 21.00 3 739888 5494.0 5492. 90 26. 50 1. C405 IVI 1. 04 M 33. 40 (i927. 8 17. 42. 20 53. 00 8712. 67.00 85. 00 107.0 134. 0- 170. 0 U5 214. 0 270. 0 340. 0 22087. 429. 0 4. 1830 h1 541. 0 7 27850. 27825. 082.0 5. 2747 1M 5. 27 h1 859. 0 35119. 35112. 1084, 0. 0523 Nl (i. (i5 N1 100 1367. 44284. 44310. 1723. 8. 3872 NI 8. 39 1W All distances greater than 1 nnle are expressed as nnles, and the feet used corresponds to decimal parts of a mile used.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings wherein 'for the sake of illustration is shown the preferred embodiment ot the 1:1-- vention, the numeral 10 designates generally a main or large disk which is of circular :torni and provided with acentral circular aperture or opening 11. 'A circular line 12 is applied to one face of the disk 10 adjacent the circumferential edge of and concentric with the disk and defines an outer annular or circular panel which is divided up into a circular series of spaces by a plurality of radial lin-es 13. The radial lines are so arranged as to divide the outer annular panel into thirty-eight spaces 14 having an angular extent' of 9o each and a angular extent of 180. In the spaces 14 a` circular series of numbers expressing dis-A tance or length in feet and miles are placed, L5 these numbers being taken from the Table 4 as will appear from a comparison of there drawings and the table. In the space 1-5 the words Distances and Feet are placed.`

1t is to be noted that as shown in Figure?) 130e heading Str annular series of quantities expressing the present loss iforstranded and annealed Wire respectively with a three phase current. The number of quantities applied in the set 35 of the series ot spaces are subheaded Str While the numbers of quantities applied in the set 36 of the series of spaces 36 are subheaded Ann, Both the sub and Ann occur under a main heading Loss and these headings are all disposed in the space 37. The numbers or quantities applied in the set 35b of the `series ot spaces 35 are subheaded Str7 Wire; the numbers or quantities applied in the set 36 in the series of spaces 36 are subheaded Ann. As before both the subhea'dings Str and Ann occur under a main heading Loss and the three headings are all-disposed in the space 37"..` T he numbers or quantities applied to sets 35a and 36, and 35b and 36h are all'taken from the Table No. 2. The numbers in the sets 35t1 and 36a are preferabl applied in difierent colored inks or in di erent styles of inks from the numbers applied in the sets 35b and 36b so that these sets may be readily distinguished from each other.

It is to be noted that all tables are placed on the calculator by starting to the left of the center of the disk and proceeding counter-clockwise around the disk. The ampere table must start with the largest ampere quantity; the distance table with the smallest distance quantity and all loss tables with the largest quantities.

A segment 4() is iitted in face to face relation against the side of the large `diskl() which bears the tables 22, 23 and 24, and this segment 40 is of such size that it does not in any position cover the table 22. The

disk 40 is ruled with an arcuate line 41 and radial lines 42.v Starting to the lett of the center and preceeding in a counterclockwise direction the radial lines are spaced respectively the following distances trom each other: 9, 9, 9, 9, 18, 9, 18, 9, 18, 9, 9, 18, 9, 18, 9; Inthe first 9 space is placed the Word Volts in the second 34.5 inthe fourth 55 in the fifth 110 in the sixth 221 in the seventh 442 in the eighth 558 in the ninth 1118 and in the last 2242 There is thus provided an ampere table of voltage which coacts with a table of Wire sizes ,on the disk l0. The segment 40 is provided With a semi-circular extension 43 which is vfastened by means of glue, cement, rivets or the like .to a spacing washer 44 which operates .in central openings of the disks 10 and 30, the Washer 44 being also secured to a circular plate 45 which is larger than the opening in the disks 10 and 30 and which bears against-the disk to hold the same in proper relation 'with respect to the disk `10 This circular plate 35 has applied thereto diametrically opposite reading indicators 4G and 47, the indicator 4G being co-r operable with the sets and 35b and consequently being an indicator for losses Wi th one phase currents and the indicator 4T being cooperable With the sets 35b and 36h and constituting an indicator for multiphase or three phase currents. As the plate 45 is ridgidly connected with the segment it is constrained to partake of the motion of the segment and consequently the motion of the voltage table which is applied to this segment 40. When it is desired to ascertain the wire size, the user ot the table manipulates the disk 3@ to set the nearest number of amperes of the ampere table to the nearest number' of feet in the distance table. The next step is to set the phase mark or reading indicator 46 or 47 as the case may be to ,the nearest loss. Then the operator may read the Wire size at the volts used by consulting of course the Wire size radially alined with the volts used. If it is desired to ascertain the loss, the first step is to set the nearest number of amperes in the ampere table to the nearest number of feet. Next, set the number of the volts table corresponding to the Volts used to the Wire size in the cooperating Wire size table. After these adjustments are made the loss may be read at 46 or 47 as the case may be. y

Instructions indicating the steps necessary to operation may be applied to the face Aof the segment 40, as shown in Figure 2.

and also the formula C'M volts lost may be placed below these instructions and thus enable the user to ligure or solve his own problems. In lieu of placing the instructions of the formula on the segment 40 they may be laced on the unoccupied part of the face o the disk 10 ,which bears the Tables 22 to 25, inclusive. In lieu otproviding a Washer 44 and securing it to the plate and disk 30 a rivet may be em ployed, as shown in Figure 7, the rivet be ing designated at 50 and having a rounded portion 51 freely rotatable with respect to the disks 10 and 30 and having squared portions 52 and 53 engaged with the segment 40 and plate 45, respectively, so as to constrain the segment and plate to corresponding motion while permitting free relative adjustment of the disks 10 and 30.

In assembling the calculator shown in Figures 1 to 5, .the Washer 44 is fastened to the under side of the segment 40 and the semi-circular extension 43 thereof. The assembled segment and Washer are then placed over the face of the disk 1() which bears the tables 22 to 25, inclusive and the segment is turned until the quantity 110 of merit litt-eci less 7ed. 'e l ziezilecl wires i single and 'iiiilti-piisi lie Tat able coincides e1' is radially alineil l with lle (iiiziiiity 0000 of the table 22,

L and maintaining' 'llie disk sind segmeni; in this relai-ive posilrion they are liiineel ei'ei ziiiil the clisl1"30 is applied to the face of the large disk l() which bears the table l- The Vquantity one ampere of ilie ampere table is alien set to lie quantity of 2.09 miles of the dislfiiiee "ceble. The plate 45 is next pesi iie 'mislier 44: Willi the single phase ei' diiee eiii'i'eiit reading indicator le coinciding with (lie one pei' Cent loss foi' ziiiiiealeilii'i :iiiil i'lie pai-ls iii liis i'eliitiie position miii'iilili' seeiiieil 0i: l'iisieiied io sing l Leed ieee 'bearing e sizes, ii rotaia-ble smell the ieee el: the laifge )eiiis lie distance 'aililes, bearing a table of empeies sind e related iible of percent loss, 'the ampere table being eoopeiable with the distance table, fi segg egeiiist lie fece of lie large disk beziis 'l e izeble of wire sizes, `and table ef voltages eeopeebie with lle able of wiife sizes, and ii reediiig indi eiitei eeeperziele with lie peieeni': less table which bearing ai and constrained te partake @lelie motion of g the *Y eeleiev i'clie eliizfizeiei: ile- A ii'i'iiig ii table iii;

Si izilile expre-ssi' effecting with 1Tis? eiiipeie table being eoepeielele l --iiiee liable, e segment also eeiiie t disk. and bearing :i eeepersible with the 'cable s 'plate connected willi ieing Willi lie ioitat'able sizing livio seeding infliplisse currents :iiiil lie eliei lie percent less tsble of' ,ii large (lislit having one fece. bem eri-mind irs ineigiiial edge si eiiciiffiii siii@ small disk with the percent less emi liiiviiig its As; iiiiii'giiz l edge ii'iie sizesa ii isolie leige disl Wliieli s the distance teli seid siiizill disk bearing :in aiciiate i ab e'oii. eiiipei'es, ziiiel :iii :ii-cuate iible of loss, lie quan 0i' 'lilie iiiiiiieie miele lieiiiiiig a fixed ieiiiti ii te die quaint-L lies e lie percent less i 'fiiiil 'lie quimtities o? ille eiiipeie tzibli. being adapted te be seleeively brought iiiie izi lizil, alineiiieii'i Willi any one el 'lie qiiiiii'ii'ies el" the ilisi'ziiiee lzible el' ilie lii'ige ilislii, ai segment iieil iigeii lie liiiige disk ii'liiiii liezis iiieii' bei i ilie qiianiiiies el vtlie ie iiiliiped lo be selectively l i iiliiieiiieiit *i li 'ilie qi sizes table, ai. pliiie mir-iii'y and Gearing e.

'oiiiieeieii wien the seg-- gziiiisi'; the siiifill disk amil liiiviiig reading iiiili ilile Willi ille divli.

4. i esleiiliig. ef eier de sei'ili liifge ilisli liii l iee iff/ice of "he distance en iiiieiiaie iiili'ty of related single 'phase sind a lixed l'elzi-y iie percent less spending 'iible and the quanbeing; adapted *Le il@ i'ailiiil alineiiieiif ewiities of the Clisi segiiiei'i't ge disk Wliiili ble, .a plaie eoiiiieeieii wii` merit and beiiiiiig; aggiunse the ssifl plaie lia-vlag diriiiieliiieally .mailing i "ieiitois, ene ef Clie re li the seeiiisll disk,

opposite ding inclime pere iin

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