US1572455A - Anticreeper for railway rails - Google Patents

Description

W. S. WESTON ANTICREEPER FOR RAILWAY RAILS Feb. 9 1926.

4 Shets-Sheet 1 Filed Au ust 28,1924

I l/e12 to 77 I '5.

Feb. 9,1926. 1,572,455

W. S. WESTON ANTICREEPER FOR RAILWAY RAILS Filed August 28. 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 f2 7 [takerztorw- Feb. 9 1926.

W. S. WESTON ANI'ICREEPER FOR RAILWAY RAILS 4 Sheets Filed August 28. 1924 Sheet 5 Fig. A?

Fig. /6

Patented Feb. 9, 192%. I

W LLIAM s. wns'ron, or DALLAS, TEXAS.

ANTICREEPEJR. FOR RAILWAY TRAILS.

Application filed August 28, 1924 Serial No. 734,622.

To all 2071 am it may concern.

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM S. WEs'roN,

.a citizen of the. United States, residing in the city of Dallas, county of Dallas, and F .State of Texas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in- Anticreepers for Railway Rails, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to an improved form of spring clamp anticreeper, adapted to utilize in functional operation a double or multiple lever grip on the rail bas'e, the initial friction bearings establishing such grip being maintained by thespri'ng relation of the parts. My present invention is distinguishedfrom that set forth in U. S. Letters Patent No. 1,120,258, granted. to me December 8, 1914, by providing two or more pairs of seats forthe establishment of two or more distinct lever grips and which, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, operate in a vertical plane on one base flange only.

The object of my'present invention is an improved anticreeper providing a greater number of distinct effective bearings of a lever grip character established at installation solely by the spring quality of the device, and subsequently utilized in the transmission of the reaction or holding force from the substructure to the rail, and an anticreeper having in the same construction a wider range of adjustment to the allowable variation in the dimensions of standard railway rail sections- The novel features of construction whereby I attain this object are hereinafter described and fully illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which form a part of these specifications, and are particularly pointed out in the claims,

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is 'a side elevation of a rail showing one form of the improved anticreeper in operative position on thebase and. abutting against the tie or part of the substructure, Fig. 2 is an elevation of the anti-creeper, as seen from the left of Fig. 1, omitting the tie and with the rail shown in cross section.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4c is an enlarged vertical section on the line ii of Fig. 2, with a portion of the tie in end view.

Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate the shape of the device as manufactured and before insta1 ltd-1n their integral connection.

Figs. 7 to 12 are views corresponding respectively to Figs. 1 to 6, of a modification.

Fig. 13 is a side elevation, and Fig. 14 is a cross section of a modified form embodying a combined rail anchor and-tie plate.

Fig. 15 is a vertical section on lines 15 15 of Figs. 14 and 16.

Fig. 16 is a vertical section on lines 16-46 of Figs. 13 and 15. v

Fig. 17 is a side elevation of the clip shown in Figs. 13 to 1.6, and illustrating its manufactured shape.

Fig. 18 is a plan of a further modification v embodying an anchoring clip and tie plate.

Fig. 19 is a planet the clip alone.

Fig. 20 is a vertical section on lines 20-20 of Figs. 18 and 19. Fig. 21 is a vertical section on lines 2121 of Fig. 20.

Figs. 22 and 23 are side and end views of they clip alone.

In one of its forms, as illustrated in Figs. 1 to 6, the device is made from rectangular spring steel bent into flange embracing jaws, mounted in close contact, with each other on one base flange. Each jaw, composed of top and bottom members, is joined in an. integral connection with the contiguous jaw at the end of one member only. In the form illustrated there are three jaws, the first jaw marked A, adjacent the tie '1, being connected tothe middle jaw B at the ends of their bottom ,members, and the metal jaw being connected to the third jaw C at the ends of their top members. The. bottom member of the third jaw is ex tended beneath the rail It to form the transverse bar F, which is provided at the end with a shoulder S for bearing-against the edge of theopposite base flange. As will be described, the transverse bar F is held" up against the base of the rail so that the shoulder S in turn prevents the jaws from working off the opposite flange, not by me of the third jaw, of which the transverse bar is the bottom member, but by means of its spring relation to the other jaws through ans 10o Before explaining the mechanical relation of the aws at installation and during functionaloperation, it is important to note that each jaw in itself in respect-to the angle between its members is made as rigid and iinvinldi'no as possible. For a lever grin each jaw hating one bearing .top of the rail base and oneonthe bottom,"act1ngas fulcrums, is dependent on theunyielding relation of its members for effective tune tional operation. The individual jaws',,aj re therefore made slightly larger than the;

r thickest flange on which they are to be mounted, the jaw having the transversebar with the shoulder S being made enough lar er to permit the shoulder to come clear wit out any expansion between the .bar

. member and its respective top member. The

jaws are therefore preferably ln'adejby bending the steel stock edgewise, as shown,

with the members extending only a relatively short distance under and 'over' the railbase flange, ascomparediwith the total railbase width. r

In the vmanufactured form of the device, Figs. 5 and6 starting with the rail seating space in the jaw G and -.the transverse'bar in normal horizontal position, the other jaws have been rotated upward intheir integral connections so that the bottom of'the middle jaw B is a measurable distance above the position required by the rail base to be passed through jaw C, and the bottom of eral direction of the'space at the'bottom of.

the jaws, also shownby dotted outline. It

will be evidentnow that to mount the de- The rocessofinstallation will be undervice on.a-.railbase.on which each jaw of itself is' desi-gned to fitreadily,'jaws A and B must sprung downward in their relation to jaw" Cagainst the resilientquality of the integral connections betw'eenthe jaws.

Torepeat substantially the wording of the prior patent mentioned above, the anti-- creeper issmade of resilient materlal ona form somewhat smaller; taken as a whole,

than the base of a rail onto which it is to be sprung by force in the process'of installatiomw stood by referring to Fig. 6, which illustrates, with a rail base shown in dotted outline, the initial position in which the anticreeper is placed by hand. Hammer blows are'then ap lied to jaw A in the direction indicated y the arrow 24, rotating both jaws A and B downwardly and mov ing-all three jaws furtheron to the base until theshoulder S comes into the clear and the device takes the position of Fig. 2. q The recoil from the downward spring of the jaws A andB tends to restore them to the relative shape shown in Fig. 6. An im mediateefiect of the recoil tendency with jaws A and B held down by the rail flange is to-hold the transversebar member of jaw C-sn ug against the railqbase, thereby holding the retaining shoulderv S in position,

as stated-above. Another efiect of' the recoil is to cause the jaws to take the position illustrated on a larger scale in Fig. 4 with the jaws returned a small amount toward their manufactured, relation, depending upon 'how much larger. each jaw may be than the flange on whichit is mounted and upon how much the points of bearing have I bitten into the. rust and scale of the rail,

The result is that each jaw has two distinct points of bearing, one on the topand one onthe bottom of the flange in diagonal relation. to each, other. These points,

jaw B, and '0} and-0 for jaw O, are thus established at installation as-the fulcrums of lever grips operating in a vertical plane.

The functional operation is as follows: If the rail R tends to creep toward the left,

the tie reaction force, indicated by the arrow 25, takes effect on the lower member of jaw A tending to rotate it counter-clockwise, as .viewed in Fig. 4, bringing into effect bearings a and a? as fulcrums of a lever grip. As soon'as. the reaction force is great enough to cause these bearings of jaw A to:

move or bite .still deeper into the rust and marked a and a forjaw A, b and b of scale, it will be. transmitted by direct con-v tact to the lower member of jaw -B, which in turn by'means of its bearings 5 and 7) becomes the medium of a second lever grip. A still greater force and a movement of jaw B- wouldt-h'en by its direct contact bring jaw Ginto action.

, By the funct onal .act'on just described, operating through a multiple lever grip established on the rail base in the processof installation, the reaction force is distributed and delivered to the rail through a inultiple of effective bearings. It should be noted here that I do not limit {myseli tothe use of the exact number of threejayvs, arranged in close contact and functioning in the manner just described. I might use more than :three jaws or only two.- Another jaw between jaw A and the tie manufactured stillfurther upward might be added, .or jaw A might be removed without changing 'the mechanical relation and 'operationot the parts.

The form' of anticreeper ill 's't rated in Figs. 7 to 1-2 follows the general. ines of the device coveredby the prior patent above mentioned. embodied in a change in the exact shape and relation of the parts whereby I can utilize a double lever grip operating in a vertical plane on one basefiange only.

My present improvement is,

In this form of the anticreeper, as in the prior device, there are three distinct bear- :ngs on the rail base flanges, two flange emremiss bracing jaw bearingsv A and B; on one flange, and one shoulder bearing S on the opposite flange. The single bearing S is connected with thebearingB, on the opposite flange, which is the farther from the tie, by means of a transverse bar F, located beneath the rail base, while the two bearings A, B, on the same flange are connected by means of a bar L, located longitudinally with the ral and above the topsurface of the flange. The hearing A supports a tieabutting pendant P. My present improvement is embodied in the exact form and relation of the two bearings A and B and the longitudinal bar L. This bar is posi-'- tioned more nearly parallel with the rail and 'connected at the rear end with the transverse bar in such manner that the bearing B is morepositively a flange embracing jaw than in the prior device. Also 'the forward end of the longitudinal bar where it is bent downwardly to form the tieabutting pendant is shaped in such manner that the bearing A is a flange embracing jaw:

These flange embrac ng jaws are each made larger than thethickest rail flange on WlllCll they are to be used and in this respect provide for an adjustment to a variable thickness of flange, as in my prior patent.

A novel feature of my present form of anticreeper with the three points of hearing on the rail-is embodied in'the shape of the long'tudinal bar which is manufactured with the center bent upwardly so as to draw the bottom members of jaws A and B toward each other and give before installation a continuous space through thetwo' jaws that is thinner than the thinnest rail ,flange on which the device is to be. used. This construction is indicated in Fig. 11, in which the relation of the continuous edge of the rail flange and the bottoms of the jaws is indicated by dotted outline.

At installation the device is first placed on the rail base by hand in the position of Fig. 12. It is then driven by hammer blows applied as indicated by the-arrow 26, bringing bearings A andB' to the'r seat and bearing S in the clear and to its seat, the device-taking the position of Fig. 8. In the installation process the longitudinal bar is sprung sufficiently straighter than manufactured to permit the adjustment of the jaw seats A and B to the thickness of the flange on wh ch they are mounted, as indicated in Fig. 10.

causes jaws A and B each to take hearings on the top and bottom surfaces of the flange at points a a and b, b respectively,

* Referrin to Fig. 10. the tendency of the I The internal 3 strain inthe longitudinal bar; thus straightened the reaction force increases sufficiently to cause the bearings to bite deeper into the rail'and allow jaw A to move slightly along the'rail, the reaction force will be transmitted to jaw B through the longitudinal member in the direction indicated by arrow 27,

tending to rotate that jaw in the opposite direction or clockwise, a tendency which it already has because of the internal strain in the longitudinal member utilizing a second lever grip in avertical plane with bearing 6 b acting as the fu'lcrunis. A double lever grip operating in a vertical plane on one base flange is thus provided and the reaction force distributed and delivered tothe rail in this form through four eflective bearings, Because both jaws are held to their bearings. by the reaction of the initial strain developedfat installation in the longitudinal bar L, the transverse bar F which is the extension of the bottom member of jaw B, will be held snug against the base of the rail with the shoulder S in position-to take a bearing against the rail base edge and prevent the jaws frbm backing off the flange.

Itwill be noted that in both of the forms of anticreeper described, the tendency in "functional operation is ,to restore it to itsmanufactured shape and that the principal strains'of installation are therefore relieved rather than increased. The result is'that up to the point where the manufactured shape may be fully restored, the internal strains of installation. It will be obvious, however,

that in the event the multiple jaws on the opposite flange should be moved along the rail by a heavy reaction force, and there should be any friction whatever at the time in the bearing of shoulder S or. S holding it in place, that the transverse bar would tend to rotate in a horizontal plane. That would develop'a lever grip in that plane-with bearing S and the bottom of jaw B of the form of Fig. 9, or hearing S and the bottom of jaw C, of the form of Fig. 3, taking seats on opposite flange edges acting as the fulcrums.

However, with two or more -co-o ')erating vertical lever grips established on one base flange, the development of the horizontal grip just described is not vital to the operation of the device.

It is also to be noted that since the horij zontal grip is 'not vital, the distancebetween bearing S and the line'through the bottom of the jaws on the opposite flange may be made great enough toprovide for the-allowbe recognized by considering that incase the anticreeper is mounted on a rail of the minimum allowable width of base and the jaws back off as much as the difference between the maximum and minimum width, the action ineffect is only what would hap- I pen if the jaws were mounted on a thinner flanger Such'a contingency has been provided for'as described by the manufactured resilient relation of the jaws.

Referring toF-igs. 13 to 17, llustrating the adaptation of my improved ant-icreeper for 'use incombination with a tie plate. In this combination the tie plate T is made to serve the purpose of the transverse bar neces? sary in the forms already described for preventing the flange embracing jaws working ofl' the rail. The transverse bar is therefore.

left off, .and the anti-creeper clip is held on the flange preferably by -means 'of a. liook K,' formed on the plate and bearing against the anticreeper, this hook in turn being held to (that contact by means of a shoulder S onthe plate that takes a bearing against; the opposite rail base flan e. The anticr'eeper clip is located inand-a ove-thehol'e-in: the plate left by the formation of the, hook and in functional operation takes a bearing on one side orthe other'of that hole. sired, the hook K- could be omitted and the opening in'the tie plate so arranged that its outer edge would serve to hold the clip in operative position on the rail. Fig. 16 is a partial cross section on a larger scale transverse to the'rail and throughfthe middle ofthe plate and clip,"-on the lines 1 6 16 of Figs. .13 and-15. Fig. 15 is a vertical longitudinal section on the,line 15l5 of I Figs l i and 16. Fig. 17 is an elevation of the cli alone as it would be seen from the right of Fig. 16 in its manufactur'ed'sha'pe before installation.

In this adaptation the: anticreeper clip is made in the shape of two flange embracing 7' jaws A and B that are connected through" their top members by abar or plate L, this bar being curved upwardly so as to drawthe bottom members of the jaws toward each' other, making the continuous space through them less than the thickness of' the rail flange, as indicated by the dotted outline, in Fig. 17, and in thesame manner as in the form previously described and illustrated in Figs. 7 to 12. The'top and-bottom members of each jaw are spaced to permit it being mounted"withoutmaterial internal strain on the. thickest flange withwhich the devicerigid. and unyielding as possible, so that,

in functional operation, the reaction force may be transmitted through, the connection between the aw members with aminimnm of -di'stortion of the jaw itself. On the other hand, the connection between-the jaws is made as resilient 'and'flexible as possible to "permit the mounting of the device" upon the ,rail base.- I

At installation, the resilient bar or plate 'L is so' flattened or strained as to rotate the jaws and bringthe flange spaces in line and permit the ready mounting of the device n operative position, as shown in Figs. 15 and 16. The recoil of the plate L tends to rotate the jaws back to their initial relation, as shown in Fig. 17, and thereby establishes a double lever grip, jaw A- and its bearings'a and a. providing a lever grip in one direction; and jaw B and its bearings b and 71 providing a lever grip in the other direction. The full lever grip thus established and maintained is utilized in functional operation as hereinafter set forth. Y

At installation the anticreeper'is first placed on the rail above the tie. -The-tie plate is, then passed under'the rail from that side until the hook and shoulder are brought to their bearings, as shown in Fig. 14. The

plate .is then spiked or otherwise fastened to the tie. Y 7 i In functional operation, if therail tends to move toward the left, as viewed in Fig. 15, the lower member of jaw A comes in contact withtheedge of the hole in the plate 'so that the tie reaction force'is delivered to it-in the direction indicated by the arrow 25 and eventually lever grips, one in jaw A and one in jaw B are utilized as described for the form of Fig. 10. It is tobe noted especially thatif the rail tends to move toward the right, bringing the bottom member of jaw ,B in contact with the edge of the hole. in the plate on that'side, the tie reaction force will then be delivered to it indirection indicatedby thearrow 28. For,

movement in this direction,-a double lever grip is. eventually utilized with the grip of jaw B coming into effect first.

Figs. 18 to 23 illustrate an alternate con struction of theclip for use with a tie plate. In this-form, the clip is made of a series of flange embracing jaws A, B, C, D, set with their bottom members in close contact with ,each other, and with the ends of the top members oined in integral connection by a.

bar L across the ends. In the manufactured shape, as illustratedin Figs; 22 and 23, the jaws have been rocked relative to each other by a twist in their connection through bar L so that the continuous space for the flange is less than the thickness of the flange on which the clip is to be mounted. \Vhen driven on the rail each jaw will have bearings on the bottom and top surface of the flange of the same character and serving the same purpose as the jaws described ,and

illustrated in Fig. 4a

= the arrow 29, would tend to rotate the jaws so as to increasethe continuous flange space and eventually loosen the grip of each jaw,

' the jaws as already described being made each with their'r'espective top and bottom members slightly farther apart than re quired by the thickest flange on which the clip is to be used.

. Referring again to Figs. 16. andQO, the bottom-members of the jaw s 'a're" top and preferably made relatively short compared with the width of the railbase, as already specified. The connection between the top be d escribed as follows:

bar or plate made "ofresillent mate and bottom members around the edge of the rail flange is made as heayy and unyielding as possible, so that the strain of installation will be concentrated in and near the integral connection betweenthe jaws, this connection,

tn the contrary, as already stated, being "made as resilient andflexible as possible.

Attention isncalled to the fact that al-. though. the expression flange embracing jaw has been used throughout the foregoing description, yet-a device embodying the fundamental features, of my present. inven-' tion might bedescribed without the use of that expression andthe conception involved.

Referring more particularly to the preferred forms shown in Fi s; 8 to 17 inclusive, the 'anticreeper devicef or preventmg the creepjug of railway rails,

adapted to hold the rails through-the; medium of a double lever grip, established on one railbase'flange, may "The device comprises a.

T rial, to be located, when placed on the rail,

L and substantially abcveth dtdp surfaceof one flange adjacent parallel to the edge therethe central portion being bent upwardly so thatits ends onl'yhave hearings on the ftop surface of the I :l tion with books madeas rigid and uny1elding' as possible,

rail-flange; in combina- "attached' to the ends of the bar, each in a manner to overhang the edge of the rail flange and take a bearing on the under surface of that flange; the continuous clear space between the bearings of the plate p'arture from the scope claims.

and the bearings of the hooks being manufactured less than required by the rail flange on which the device is to be used; this space being adapted to be increased the necessary amount to receive the flange by'springing downwardly the central portion of the bar.

The internal strain thus developed holds the bearings inwope ff lti fi .P9$i. .9l!.-. .1.Il these bearihgs, because of their relative position, are established as th'e'fu'lcrums of a double lever grip. I, therefore, do not limit my claims for a device providing a double or multiple lever grip. on the rail base to a construction involving the specific. combination of two or more flange embracing jaws; but claim broadly the construction providing four or more bearings on the rail base arranged inpairs with a relatively rigid connectlon between the bearings of each pair and a relatively resilient connection between the pairs; whereby because of said rigid connection each pair of the bearings becomes the medium j of a lever grip operating in a vertical plane, andwhereby because of" saidresilient connection the pairs of bearings are retained in operative position.

An important feature of the present rail "anchorhavinga multiple lever grip on the rail base, and one which more clearly dis tinguishesut as an improvement on the prior art is especially to be noted. The construction is such that the resilient connection or connections between the pairs of seats or jaws is strained on installation and tends to rotate each jaw or pair of seats to establish aninitial lever grip and the construction is such' that, in functional operation, the

reaction force tends to rotate each jaw or pair of seats in the same direction to increase the pressure and bite of the lever grip thus initially established. Then this. increase in the bite, or more specifically this closer adjustment of thetwo seats of each pair, is fully retained by the-spring clamp ,quality provided in the combination of rela-* tively rigid and resilient parts in the construction as described.v The reliability of the multiple lever grip established at installation is thus increased andinsuredby the functionaloperation. i

1. It is also noted that the jaws or pair of' seats providing the separate lever grips are relatively disposed one in advance of the other longitudinally of the rail and act consecutively and cumulativelyin resistingthe creeping of the rail. Changes may be made in the details'set forth without deof the appended I claim as my invention:

'1. An ant-icreeper for railway rails having fouror more seats for bearing on one base flange, said seats being connected 1n pairs with the seats of each pair adapted to take bearings on the top and bottom surrat faces respectively of the base flange and, in

functional operation, act as the vfulcrums of of a lever grip operating in a vertical plane,

said pairs of seats being joined together by a relatively yieldin resilient connection or each of said pairs of seats, and means for retaining the anticreeper in operative posiconnections adapte on installation, to establish and maintain the said lever grip of tion on' the base flange.

3. An anticreeper tor railway rails having four or more seats for hearing on one base flange, said seats being rigidly 'connecte'd, in pairs'with the seats of each pair i crnms of a lever grip operatin'gin a yer-- pairs of seats being jo ned e .toget'er by a r and bottom members, and 'eaclr having flange space slightly larger than'the'rail adapted to take bearings on the "top and bottom surfaces respectively of the base flange and, in functional operation, vact 'as'the fultical lane, said I atively yielding resilient connection or connections Q adapted, on installation, toestablish and maintain the said lever grip of each of said pairs of seats,

and means forretaining the anticreeper in operative p'os1t1o n,compr1smg a transverse bar havin 'a shoulder for hearingagainst the edge 0 the opposite baseflange.

4.- An anti-creeper .for railway rails comprising two or more jaws arranged to emrace one. base flange and having relatively unyielding connections between their top and bottom members, said jaws being joined by an integral resilient connection tending,

on installation, to rotate said jaws and hold the members thereof to hearings on the" flange that act asthe fulcrums of vertical plane lever grips, thev pressure or bite of each of which is increased in functional operation by the pressure of the anchor against the substructure. a v I 5. An anticreeper for railway rails comprising two or more-jaws arranged-to embrace one base flange and having relatively unyielding connectlons between their. top a base flange on which it'is to be used,-said jawsbeing Joined togetherby a yielding re-;

silient connection or connections, adapted to be straineli on installation and by which the top and bottom members of each jaw are held to bearings thatact as the fulcruins of lever grips operating in a vertical plane.

3. An anticreeper for railwayrails comprisnig two or more aws arranged to embrace one base flange and having relatively unyielding connections between their top and bottom members, said jaws being oined together by ayielding resilient connection or connections by which the top and bottom members of each jaw are held to bearings that act as the fulcrums of lever grips op-. crating in a vertical plane and the pressure of each of which is increased in. functional operation, and means effective-in a horizontal direction transverse .to said base flange for retaining theanticreeper in opevative position.

7. An anticreeper for railway rails com- V I prising two or'more jaws arranged to em-- brace one base flange and having relatively unyielding connections between their topand bottom members, said jaws being joined together by a yielding'resilient connection members of each of. said jaws are held, to bearings that act as the tulcrums of lever grips operating in a vertical plane and the pressure of each of which is increased in functional operation, the bottom member of one'of said jaws being extended and provided with a shoulder adapted to take a bearing against the edge of the opposite base flange and. thereby retain the anticreeper in operative position. f

8. Acne-piece rail anchor comprising two jaws, both arranged to embrace the same base flange and having relatively rigid con- .orrconnections by which the-top and bottom nections between their top and bottom members, and a relatively yielding resilient connection between the top members of said aws holding the same in spaced relation tion, tending to rotate said jaws in opposite directions and thereby initially establish vertical plane lever grips on the base flange, the bite of each of which is increased in functional operation by the pressure applied to the bottom member of one of said jaws.

9. A one-piece rail anchor, comprising a series ottwo, or more substantially rigid jaws-having, in operation, vertical plane lever grips on the same base flange of the rail, the said jaws being joined by a relatively yielding connection or connections adapted to be strained on installation and, thereby initially establish the said lever grip of each jaw on the base flange- 10. A one-piece rail anchor, comprising a longitudinally of therail and, on installa series of' two or more substantially rigid jaws having,- in' operation, vertical plane lever grips on the same base flange of the rail, these-1d aws being joined by a relatively yielding connection or connections adapted to be strained on installation and thereby initially establish the said lever grip of each jaw on the base flange, the jaw at one end of the series having a tie-abutting portion and the lower member of the aw at the other end of the series having an extension provided with a shoulder for engag-' ing the edge of the opposite base flange.

.11. A rail anchor having at least four distinct rail base engaging seats connected in pairs and relatively disposed in order longitudinally of the rail, and .a resilient connection between the pairs that is adapted to be strained at installation and thereby tend. to rotate each pair of seats and initially establish the lever grip thereof upon the rail base, therail anchor having a portion adapted to abut against the substructure and thereby increase the pressure of each of the lever grips thus established.

12. A .rail anchor having at least four distinct rail base engaging. seats rigidly connected in pairsand relatively disposed in order longitudinally of the rail, and a relatively resilient connection between the pairs, said connection being adapted to be strained on installation and thereby tend to rotate each pair of seats and establish the lever grip thereof upon the rail-base, the rail anchor having a portion adapted to abut against the substructure and thereby,

, in functional operation, increase the pressure of each of said lever grips.

13. A rail anchor comprising two substantially rigid jaws relatively disposed in order longitudinally of the rail, and each having a rail base seating space slightly larger than the rail base to which it is applied and each having, in operation, a lever grip upon the rail'base, and an integral resilient connection between said aws normally holding the that the reaction force developed in operation and the reaction of said resilient connection act cumulatively in establishing and maintaining the lever grip of each of Said j jaws upon the rail base.

14. A rail anchor having two substantially rigid jaws relatively disposed in order longitudinally of the rail when mounted thereon, each jaw having rail base engaging edges or seats forming the fulcrums or bearings of a lever grip of the jaw upon the rail base and an integral resilient connection between the jaws adaptedto be strained on installation and force the'said bearing edges or seats into gripping engagement with the rail base and thereby establish and maintain the saidlever grip of each jaw, one of the inernbers'of one oft said jaws'having a portion adapted to abut against the substructure and thereby, in functional operation, utilize'the lever grips of said jaws as so established and maintained.

WILLIAM s. WESTON;

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