US1566877A

US1566877A - Bolt-action firearm

Info

Publication number: US1566877A
Application number: US64077A
Authority: US
Inventors: Thomas C Johnson
Original assignee: Winchester Repeating Arms Co
Current assignee: Winchester Repeating Arms Co
Priority date: 1925-10-22
Filing date: 1925-10-22
Publication date: 1925-12-22
Anticipated expiration: 1942-12-22

Description

T. C. JOHNSON BOLT ACTION FIREARM Dec. 22, 1925.

Oct. 22, 1925 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed 1 1 ill Dec. 22

JOHNSON BOLT ACTION FIREARM 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 22, 1925 Patented Dec. 22, 1925.

UNITED sr THOMAS C. JOHNSON, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR T WINCHESTER RE- PTENT OFFHCE.

PEATING'ARMS Co, on NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

' BOLT-ACTION FIREARM.

application filed October 22, 1925. Serial No. 64,077.

To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, THOMAS C. JOHNSO a citizen of the United States, residing at New Haven, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bolt-Action Firearms; and I do herebydeolare the following, when taken in connection wlth the accompanying drawings,and the characters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this applicatiomand represent, 1n Fig. 1 a view in right-hand slde elevation of a bolt-action firearm constructed 1n ac- A cordance with my invention.

Fig.2 an enlarged, broken view of the receiver thereof, partly in slde elevation and partly in central, vertical, longitudlnal section.

Fig. 3 a view in rear elevation of the receiver and the one-piece combination boltretainer and ejector.

Fig. 4 a view in central, longitudinal section on the line 44 of Fig. 3, showing the receiver, combination bolt-retainer and ejector, and the forward end of the bolt, the rear end of the bolt being broken away.

Fig. 5 a view partly in rear elevation and partly in transverse section on the line 55 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 a view in partly longitudinal, vertical, central section of the front end of the.

bolt, with the rear end thereof broken away.

Fig. 7 a view in side elevation of the combination bolt-retainer and ejector.

My invention relates to an improved boltaction firearm of the class providing against the accidental removal of the bolt from the armwhen the positive bolt-stop of the arm has been withdrawn from action, or is out of play, the object being to produce an arm of the-type described, of superior simpliclty, durability, convenience, reliability, and safety in use.

lVith these ends in View, my invention consists in a bolt-action firearm characterized'by having a combined bolt-retainer and cartridge-ejector made in one piece and shaped and postioned to prevent the accidental removal of the bolt from the arm when the positive bolt-stop thereof has been withdrawn from action, or is out of play, but yielding to permit the withdrawal of the bolt from the arm when the user of the arm exerts a special draft upon the bolt for that purpose.

My inventionv further consists in a boltactlon firearm characterized as above stated, having certain details of construction and combinationsof parts as will be hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims.

In carrying out my invention, as herein shown, I employ a receiver 10, comprising an approximately cylindrical forward end 11 having an internal thread 12 for the reception of the customary barrel 13 and further provided with locking-shoulders 14 for co-action with locking-lugs 15 formed lntegral with the forward end of an upturn and pull-back breech-bolt 16. The receiver is further formed with a central bore 17 extending therethrough and a median loading-and-ejection opening 18. At its rear end it is formed with a bridge-portion 19. The bolt 16 reciprocates in the bore 17, its locking-lugs sliding in grooves 20 and rotatmg one-quarter turn when the bolt is in its extreme forward position to co-act with the shoulders 14 aforesaid. The bolt 16 is further provided with a central, longitudinal bore 21 for the reception of a firing pin 22, and formed on its underside with a longitudinally-extending series of predeterminedly irregularly shaped grooves 28, 24 and 25 lying in the same longitudinal plane and adapted to receive and co-act with a onepiece, combination bolt-retainer and cartridge-ejector 26, which, as shown in Fig. 5, is mounted in a slot 27 located in a central, longitudinal plane passing through the axis of the receiver at an angle of about 30 from the vertical and opening from the lower her 26 and at its other end against the bottom of a complementary bore 31 in the receiver 10, within which bore the spring is tration .of. my invention, itsvsear 35 is constructed and arranged to act .to positively prevent the removal of the bolt from the receiver until it is drawn out of the way'by an extra pull on the trigger 36 in the manner familiar to personsskilled in the art to which this invention relates, but my improved combined part 26 is equally applicable to guns having. other well known forms of positive bolt-stops.

I There are occasions when, for" the insurance o'f'safety, it is desirable to carry a firearm with the action open,for example, in a hunting camp when there is more than one person present; on the firing-line of a target-shooting match; and on similaroccasions If this-be done with the ordinary bolt-action firearm, and the positive bolts-top' thereof is accidentally withdrawn from its-operative position, it not infrequently happens that the bolt drops by gravity aloneoutof the arm, and being naturally well covered with oil, picks up sand and dirt, rendering it necessary. to take the bolt to-pieces in order to make sure that all destructive grit is removed therefrom before itis'replaced in the gun, and, in fact, before the arm can be safely used again. I 1 The time required to recover the bolt, in case it falls out ofthe arm, and for cleaning it thoroughly before, its reintroduction thereto, is often considerable, and seriously handicaps the owner or user of the gun. If, after recovering the bolt, the user of'the arm does not take the time to thoroughly clean the bolt before putting it back in the arm, serious consequences are liable to follow, since the smallest particle of sand or grit may foul the system and cause it to jam and endanger the premature explosion of a cartridge in the barrel.

To avoid contingencies such as described, I have, as described, provided the arm with my improved,'one-piece, combined bolt-retainer and cartridge-ejector, which takes the place of the separate members heretofore provided forthe two functions indicated, in such a manner asto simplify the arm and make its; action more reliable and safer.

InFig; 4 I have shown the bolt of my improvedfirearm withdrawn just beyond the control of the sear .35, constituting the positive bolt-stop of the arm. My improved part 26 is formed with a' rounded pro ection 32 on its upper edge, which co acts with the forward portion of the bottom surface of the longitudinalgroove 24: of the bolt 16 in such a way as to yieldingly prevent the bolt from escaping from the receiver 10 at any time when it is not positively prevented from falling out by the positive bolt-stop,

i. e., the sear 35. The power with which the bolt is prevented from escaping by my improved part 26 must be great enough to overcome the weight of the bolt under the action'of gravity,-but not, so great butthat the retaining action-of the part may be readily overcome by a conscious grasp by the user of the arm upon the bolt itself, which, when pulled rearward, will overcome the retaining action of the improved part. The bolt 16, in order to separate completely from the receiver 10, must cam down the part 26 by riding over the projection 32 against the tension of the spring 29 and I' have so proportioned the elements 24,132,

30,. and 29that the weight of the bolt alone I is insuiiicientto accomplish this result and.

thereby the accidental escape of the'bolt from the receiver is obviated. The other features of my improved gun constitute no portion of this invention and need not be'here further described, other than to point out'the facts that my improved safety-actuator 33 lies to theright of;the center of the gun, obviating the dangerof scraping the users nose or Check, and that the receiver and barrel -10 and 13 are at tached to the-stock portion by meansrof four centrally-located vertical screws 84:, 37, 38, and 39', as shown in Fig. 2.

I claim:

1. A bolt-action firearm having a receiver, a breech-bolt located therein, a positive boltstop, and a one-piece, combined bolt-retainer and ejector, whereby'the unintentional escape of the breech-bolt from the receiver is prevented when the positive bolt-stop is out of play. v 1 4 2. A bolt-action firearm having a receiver, a reciprocative breech-bolt located therein,

a positive bolt-stop, and a one-piece, springpressed, combined bolt-retainer and e ect or co-operating with the breech-bolt and the receiver to yieldingly resist the escape of the breech-bolt from the receiver when the positive bolt-stop is out of play.

3. A bolt-action firearm having a receiver, a breech-bolt located therein and provided with -a cam-surface, a positive bolt-stop, and a one-piece, combined ejector and bolt retainer'co-operating with the cam surface to a bolt located therein, the said receiver and with the said cam surfaces, whereby the esbolt being each provided with one of a pair cape of the breech-bolt from the receiver is of complementary, longitudinal, radial slots, yieldingly resisted when the positive bolt- 10 a positive bolt-stop, cam-surfaces in one of stop is eat of play. I

5 said slots, and a one-piece, spring-pressed; In testimony whereof, I have signed this combined bolt-retainer and ejector positioned specification. 1 in the other of the said slots to co-operate THOMAS C. JOHNSON.