US1565724A - Filament and method of manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Filament and method of manufacture thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US1565724A
US1565724A US399798A US39979820A US1565724A US 1565724 A US1565724 A US 1565724A US 399798 A US399798 A US 399798A US 39979820 A US39979820 A US 39979820A US 1565724 A US1565724 A US 1565724A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tungsten
filament
wire
iron
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US399798A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gorton R Fonda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL9509D priority Critical patent/NL9509C/xx
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US399798A priority patent/US1565724A/en
Priority to FR540833D priority patent/FR540833A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1565724A publication Critical patent/US1565724A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof
    • H01K3/02—Manufacture of incandescent bodies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/934—Electrical process
    • Y10S428/935—Electroplating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/941—Solid state alloying, e.g. diffusion, to disappearance of an original layer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the production of ilamentary or wire-shaped bodies, strips, sheets or the like, of tungsten alloy, as, for example, filaments for incandescent lamps, electron discharge devices and the like.
  • filamentary bodies are'prepared in accordance with this invention by depositing alloying metal by electrolysis or other convenient 40 method on a clean surface of a bod of refractory metal, which has alrea yy been drawnor otherwise worked either into final desired form or into a form suitable for sub-v sequent working.
  • a filament or -wire 1 may be drawn from a reel 2 over revolving electrical contacts 3, 4 in a container 5 into which a protective gas, such, for example, as hydrogen, is introduced by a conduit 6.
  • a protective gas such as hydrogen
  • a suitable heating current for the wire 1 is conveyed to the contacts 3, 4, by the conductors 7 8, which may be connected to a source S.
  • the cleansed wire or filament is introduced into a suitable electrolyte, for example, a solution of ferrous chloride or ferrous ammonium sulphate.
  • a suitable electrolyte for example, a solution of ferrous chloride or ferrous ammonium sulphate.
  • 50fparts of magnesium sulphate and 5 parts of sodium bicarbonate may also be added to the electrolyte.
  • the wire l1 to be coated with iron is slowly passed through electrolyte over pulleys 9, 10 supported by a standard 11.
  • the wire 1 is connected as cathode to a suitable source of direct current G by the conductor 12, the anode 13 consisting of iron, carbon, or other suitable material, being connected to the positive conductor 14.
  • the current is chosen to produce a current density of about 0.003 amperes per square centimeter of surface.
  • the coated wire or filament is passed over another pulley 15 into a receptacle 16 vcontaining pure water. It is then dried as by passing through a dryer 16 and finally wound upon a spool 17 driven by a motor 18 through suitable speed reducing gears 19.
  • the coated wire is pliable and rugged. It desired, it may be stored forfuture use.
  • the coating 20 upon the core 21 represents such relatively inconsiderable part of the total mass of the Wire or filament that the production by the described method of a homogeneous alloy is surprising, articularly so as the alloying metal is app ied externally.
  • the core largely preponderates in mass over the coating.
  • My investigations indicate that the coating metal diffuses uniformly throughout the core metal during the alloyin step. The resistance characteristics of t e resulting alloy correspond to the characteristics of a homogeneous alloy of the same proportions.
  • the alloying step in the case of the present process requires a materially shorter time than the process of making alloy filaments or the like described in my prior Patent No. 1,496,457, referred to above, according to which the alloying metal is mixed in a state of fine subdivision with the refractory metal.
  • Alloyage of the core and coating is produced by heating the composite Wire to a temperature of at least about 15009 C. A1- though preferable, it is not absolutely essential in all cases that this alloying step be carried out separately preparatory to the manufacture of a lamp or other device in Which the Wire or filament is to be used. ln the case of the finer filaments particular- 1y, the composite filament may be mounted in a lamp bulb in the usual Way and the lamp may be exhausted and sealed. When the lamp is put into use the heating of the filament to incandescence at the usual operating temperature or sometimes by a preliminary heating at a lower temperature Will cause cementation or absorption of the iron coating by the tungsten core. For example, l have obtained good results by heating a four mil filament for five minutes to about 1600o C. which is above the melting point of irorli The resulting filaments are operable in mps at a highlighting efficiency Without blackening.
  • y invention is not restricted to the electr ytic deposition of an alloying metal; for example, when it is desired to produce an alloy of tungsten With zirconium the desired amount-of zirconium may be deposited on a filament of ductile tungsten by heating the' filament in a mixture of zirconium chloride an ⁇ d hydrogen to a temperature high enough to cause reduction of the zirconium chloride to the metal and the consequent formation of a coating of zirconium on the tungsten filament. The resulting composite filament may be subsequently converted into a homogeneous zirconium alloy by heatineI it to a sufficiently high temperature to produce diffusion of the zirconium into tun sten.
  • the method of producing a Wire consisting of a preponderant amount of a refractory metal and a metal alloyable therewith and capable of diffusing therethrough which consists in providing a Wire consisting of a refractory metal with a coating of the alloyable metal and then heatin the coated Wire to a tempera-ture sufliclently high to cause alloyage and diffusion of the coating metal throughout said wire.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
US399798A 1920-07-29 1920-07-29 Filament and method of manufacture thereof Expired - Lifetime US1565724A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL9509D NL9509C (cs) 1920-07-29
US399798A US1565724A (en) 1920-07-29 1920-07-29 Filament and method of manufacture thereof
FR540833D FR540833A (fr) 1920-07-29 1921-07-28 Perfectionnements à la composition et au mode de fabrication des filaments

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US399798A US1565724A (en) 1920-07-29 1920-07-29 Filament and method of manufacture thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1565724A true US1565724A (en) 1925-12-15

Family

ID=23581006

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US399798A Expired - Lifetime US1565724A (en) 1920-07-29 1920-07-29 Filament and method of manufacture thereof

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US1565724A (cs)
FR (1) FR540833A (cs)
NL (1) NL9509C (cs)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2616840A (en) * 1948-11-12 1952-11-04 Philips Lab Inc Rhenium plating
US2742691A (en) * 1950-04-18 1956-04-24 Ohio Commw Eng Co Method of making corrosion resistant clad steel
US2772227A (en) * 1953-06-29 1956-11-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp Protection of molybdenum and tungsten at high temperatures
US2858600A (en) * 1954-02-19 1958-11-04 Gen Motors Corp Surface hardening of titanium
US3024522A (en) * 1959-07-24 1962-03-13 Gen Electric Rhenium bonded composite material and method
US3066407A (en) * 1958-03-17 1962-12-04 Gen Electric Method of forming wire
US3627650A (en) * 1969-07-15 1971-12-14 Atomic Energy Commission Method for producing a chromium-tungsten coating on tungsten for protection against oxidation at elevated temperatures

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2616840A (en) * 1948-11-12 1952-11-04 Philips Lab Inc Rhenium plating
US2742691A (en) * 1950-04-18 1956-04-24 Ohio Commw Eng Co Method of making corrosion resistant clad steel
US2772227A (en) * 1953-06-29 1956-11-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp Protection of molybdenum and tungsten at high temperatures
US2858600A (en) * 1954-02-19 1958-11-04 Gen Motors Corp Surface hardening of titanium
US3066407A (en) * 1958-03-17 1962-12-04 Gen Electric Method of forming wire
US3024522A (en) * 1959-07-24 1962-03-13 Gen Electric Rhenium bonded composite material and method
US3627650A (en) * 1969-07-15 1971-12-14 Atomic Energy Commission Method for producing a chromium-tungsten coating on tungsten for protection against oxidation at elevated temperatures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR540833A (fr) 1922-07-18
NL9509C (cs)

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