US1560025A - Pumpless injection valve for diesel engines - Google Patents

Description

J. DE YOUNG Ess INJECTION VALVE FOR DIESEL ENGINES Nov. 3, 1925.

PUMPT Filed March 17, 1925 Patented Nov. 3, '1925.

UNITED. STATES JACOB DE YOUNG, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.

PUMPLESS INJECTION VALVE FOR DIESEL ENGINES.

Application led March 17, 1925. Serial No. 16,231.

To all Iwho-mv it may concern Be it known that I, JACOB DE YOUNG, a citizen of the United States, residing at Providence, in the county of Providence'a'nd State of Rhode Island, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pumplcss Injection Valves for Diesel Engines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to injection nozzles for Diesel engines and has for an important object thereof the elimination of the pumping system at present employed for injection. At the present time, with each cylinder of the engine, a separate pump is'usually employed having means for injecting oil into the cylinder and separately regulatable to control the amount of fuel so injected. These pumps siice they operate under high pressure each have a plurality of packing glands and other accompanying elements `which must be adjusted and repaired and lso accordingly are a .continual source trouble.

An important object of this invention is the -rovisio1f of a control device for injecting uelinto engines, which may be operated from a rocker arm and in which the opera'- tion is semi-automatic. Ak further object of -the invention is to provide in combination with a fuel feeding device4v a. Source of fuel under pressure and a source of air under pressurefor forcing the fuel fed to the fuel feeding device into v the engine together with an automatic valve alternately cut-ting olf the source of fuel and The fuel may bel admitted ,without being opposed by the air pressure and the air pressure niaynot be applied to drive the fuel back through fuel lines to its source. Q

Astill further. object of the 1nvent1on 1s Qto provide a device of this character which may be very easily produced and controlled.

These and other objects/I attain by the shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein for nthe purpose of illustrationis shown a preferred embodunent of mv invention and wherein `Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view throughv an injection nozzle for Diesel engines constructed in accordance wlth my 1nvention; and

Figure 2 is a section oni-.the line 2-2 of Figure 1. ,'f

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, the numeral 10 generally desig-v nates al firing head of a Diesel engine and 11 a cylinder having flanges 12 by means of which it may be bolted to the head 10. This cylinder tits withinan opening, as

indicated at 13, in the usual manne-r and has its' bore preferably directed longitudinally of the cylinder. y

The cylinder 11 has a main bore let'which is reduced adjacent its inner end, as at 15, to provide an injection port for the cylinder. At the point of reduction, a'tapered valve seat 16 is produced. The outer end the vcylinder which 'is-in the form of a reinovable head 17 has an outlet opening 18 formed therein. Adjacentthis outer end, 'the cylinder has communicating therewith aconduit l9`leading froml a source of air under pressure, this conduit communicating with anI internal circumferential groove 20 formed in the cylinder. Inwardly from the outer end of the cylinder, a Second conduit 21 having a control valve 22 therein com-. munic'ates with a port` 23 extending longit tudinally through the Wall of the cylinder and opening into the cylinder, as at 24, at a point spaced from the valve seat 16.

Arranged within the cylinder is a Valve element including a stem 25 which projects into the reduced bore or nozzle 15. Its projection into 'this reduced portion is limited by a valve element .26 comprising a body having a piston titvvithin the bore 14 and a tapered lower face 27 coacting With the valve seat 16. The body has longitudinally extending ports 28 opening from the upper surface thereof through the face 27,]r

so that when the tapered face 27 is unseated, the fluid will iow from above the piston to beneath'the piston and between thepiston and seat 16. Until the piston has moved a predetermined distance, however, lopen passage through the bore 15 is prevented by the fact that that portion of the"stem 25 which projects into the bore 15 has its por-` tion next'adjacent the piston valve 26 provided with a piston fit within this bore. After the valvehas moved a predetermined distance, however, from the seat, communication is established by reason of the fact that the inner end of the Stem is provided with spiral grooves 29 conducting'the iuds in the form of a spiral injection jet producing atomization thereof. j

Means are provlded for -seatlng the plsioo ton valve comprising studs l30 or their equivalent projecting outwardly from the engages against a second spring seat 33 secured to the valve stem 25. lVhenin its seated position, the outer face of the piston valve 26 is immediately inwardly of the entrance 24 of the port 23 to the cylinder bore 14. Secured to the valve stem within the cylinder is a second piston valve 34 which, when Jthe piston valve 26 is seated, occupies a position completely blocking the circumferential groove 2O which affords means for admission of air to the cylinder. The cylinder is provided with a by-pass port establishing coinniunication between the ends of the cylinder' at opposite sides of the piston valve 34 for a purpose presently to appear. Associated with the stem is a rocker arm 36 to be actuated from the engine and to lift and open the valve against the action of the spring 32 at thel proper intervals. The. operation of this device is as follows: During the firing and exhaust periods, the piston valve 26 remains seated and during this period, the fuel oil is admitted through the conduit 21 and port 23 to the cylinder between the piston valves 26 and 34C. During the admission period, `the piston valves are shiftedl toward the outer end of the cylinder by the rocker arm 36 and during the initial shifting period, the port 24 is closed by the piston valve 26, this closing occurring before communication is established with the interior of the cylinder through the port 15 by reason of the piston enjtension 25a of the stem. As the shifting continues, communication is established n throughthe port 15 and the pressure of air is brought to bear against the fluid contained within the cylinder by reason of -the fact that the piston valve 34 discovers th'e circumferential groove 20. At the same time, this piston valve cuts off communication between opposite ends of the cylinder by covering the upper end 35a of the by-pass port 35. Then air is admitted, its pressure is supplied to force the oil through the ports 28 and grooves 29 into the cylinder. In event, any air is trapped within the cylinder during that period in which oil is being injected into the cylinder, this air may escape through the by-pass port 35 and outlet 18. Regulation of the amount of oil fed is procured through the valve 22 and the air pressure introduced through the conduit 19 will, of course, be regulated to suit the needs of the particular engine to which the device is ap plied. If it is desired 'to cut off any particular cylinder of the engine, as, for example, in case of a hot bearing or overheated cylinder, this may be accomplished by simply closing the valve 22 without interfering with the operation of any of the other cylinders.

It will, of course, be obvious that the structure hereinbefore set forth is capable of a considerable range of change and modification without materially departing from the spirit of my invention and I accordingly do not limit myself to such specific structure except as hereinafter claimed.

I claim 1. In an injection nozzle for Diesel engine-s, a cylinder having .a bore reduced at one end to form a valve seat, a fuel inlet for the cylinder in the major portion of -the bore and in spaced relation to such valve seat, a piston valve fitting the cylinder and having one face thereof adapted Ito coact with the valve seat, the piston valve having longitudinal bores opening through such face, said valve4 having a continuation fitting the reducedI portion of the bore, the continuation at a point spaced from the piston valve a distance greater than the distance between the upper face of the piston valve andthe remote side of the filling port being provided with grooves extending to the end thereof, means for holding said piston valve in engagement with said seat` and means for shifting the piston valve out of engagen'ient with said seat. v

2. In an injection nozzle for Diesel engines, a cylinder having an oil inlet, an air inlet, an outlet for fuel oil and an outlet for air trapped during admission of the oil to the cylinder, a unitary valve structureA normally disposed in one position and shiftable to a second position, said valve structure when in the first named position sealing the outlet and the air inlet in the second named position sealing the outlet for trapped air and the oil inlet and in its movement from the first .to the second named positions sealing said oilv inlet and trapped air outlet before opening the air inlet.

3. l In an injection nozzle for Diesel engines and in combination, a cylinder having a bore reduced at ione end to form a valve seat, a valve coacting with said seat and fitting the cylinder wall but ineli'ectual to prevent passage of fluids longitudinally of the cylinder when spaced from its seat, a stem for said valve having a portion engaging in the' reduced portion of the bore and fitting thel same and terminating in a grooved jet forming extension and an opening through the side wall of the cylinder spaced from the outer end of the valve a distance less than the length of the portion of the stem fitting 'such reduced bore, whereby said port is covered prior to entry of the grooved eXtension of the stem into the cylinder.

et. lnan injection nozzle for Diesel engines, a cylinder-having an oil inlet and adjacent the oil inlet but spaced therefrom having the bore thereof reduced to provide a valve seat, a valve stem projecting into the reduced bore and having a portion fitting the bore formed at one end with an atomizer extension and at the opposite end with a piston valve having its inner face adapted for coaction with said valve seat and its outer face fitting the Wallsof the cylinder, the outer edge of said piston valve being arranged immediately adjacent the inneredge of the oil inlet, the piston valve having longitudinal ports therein permitting the passage of oil therethrough when the piston valve is disengaged from said valve seat and means forforcing oil from the cylinder through the piston valve when unseated. l

In an injectionr nozzle for Diesel engines, a cylinder havin an oil inlet and adjacent the oil inlet but spaced therefrom having the bore thereof reduced to provide a vvalve seat, a valve stem projecting into the reducedrbore and having la portion fit.

ting thebore formed at one end with an atomizer extension 4and at the opposite end with a piston valve having its inrer face adapted for coaction4 lwith said` valve seat and its outer face fitting the rWalls of the cylinder, the outer edgeI `of said 'piston valve being arranged immediately adjacent the inner edge of the oil inlet, the piston valve having longitudinal ports therein permittingthe passage of oil therethrough when the pistonv valve is disengagedv from said valve seat and means for,forc.1ng oil from 'the cylinder through the piston valve` when unseated, said stem portion fitting the bore being of a length equal to the distance through 'which said piston valve must shift to cover said oil inlet portV and close the same.

6. In an injection nozzle for Diesel engines, a cylinderhaving an oil inlet and adjacent the oil inlet but spaced therefrom having the bore thereof reduced to providey -a valve seat, a valve stem projecting into the reduced bore and having a portion fitting the bore formed at one end -with an atomizer extension and at the opposite end with a pistonl valve having its inner face .adapted for coaction with said valve seat and its outer face fitting the'walls of the cylinder, the outer edge of said piston valve being arranged immediately adjacent the inner -edge of the o1l inlet, the piston valve having longitudinal ports therein permitting j eo they passage of oil therethroughv when the piston valve is disengagedI from saidvalve seat, means for forcing oil from the cylinv der through the piston valve when unseated,

said 4stem portion fitting the borev being of a length equalfto the distance through which lsaid piston valve must shift to cover said oil inlet port and close .the same, said means for forcing oil from the cylinder including a' sourceof pressure in communication with the cylinder by a port arranged adjacent the outer end of `the cylinder, a piston valve rigidly connected with the firstnanied piston valve' and closing said port when the oil inlet port is open and means for shifting said piston valves to open the same.

7. In an injection nozzle for Diesell engines, a cylinder having an oil inlet and adjacent theK oil inlet but spaced therefrom having the bore thereof reduced to provide a valve seat, a valve stem projecting into the reduced bore and having a portion fitting the bore formed at one end with an atomizer extension and at the opposite end with a piston valve having its inner face adapted for coaction with said valve seat and its outer face fitting the Walls of the cylinder, the cuter edge of said piston valve being arranged immediately adjacentI the inner edge of the oilinlet, the piston valve having longitudinal ports therein permitting the passage of oil therethrough When the piston t lvalve is disengaged from said valve seat,

means forV forcing oil from the cylinder through the piston valve when unseated, said stem portion fitting the bore being of a length equal toA the distance through Which said piston valve must shift to cover said 8. In an injection nozzley for Diesel. en-

gines, a cylinder having an oil inlet and adjacent ythe oil inlet but spaced therefrom having the bore thereof reduced to provide a valve seat, a valve stem projecting into the reduced bore and having a portion fitting the bore formed at one end .with an atomizer extension and at the opposite end with a piston valve having its inner facew ada ted or coacton with said valve seat an its outer face fittin the walls of the cylinder, the outer edge o 'saidfpiston valve being arranged immediately adjacent the inner edge of the oil inlet, the piston valve having longitudinal ports therein permitting the passage of oil 'therethrough when the piston valve is disengaged from said valvev seat, means for forcing oil from the v'cylinder through the piston valve when unseated, said stem portion fitting the bore being of a length equal to the distance through which said piston valve must shift to cover said oil inlet port and close the same, said means for forcing' oil from the cylinder including a source of pressure in communication with the cylinder by a port arranged adjacent the outer end of the cylinder, a piston valve rigidly connected with the first namedpiston valve and closing said port when the oil inletport is open and means for shifting said piston valves to open the same, the cylinder l0 having a b V-pass port by-passing the last named piston valve when in closed position, the lastnamed piston valve during its movement to open the fluid pressure inlet closing one end of said luy-pass port to prevent communication between opposite ends of the Cyl inder.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature.

JACOB DE YOUNG.

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