US1551403A - Elastic-ei - Google Patents

Description

Aug. Z5, 1925.

Inventor-z OscarJun b9 M o` JuNGGRr-:N

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE Filed July 27, 1923 Sgren:

Patented Aug. 25, 1925.

UNIT-EnA STATES PATENT 'OFFICE OSCAR JUNGGREN, 0F SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNO'R'TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ELASTIC-FLUID TUBBINE.

Application filed July 27, 1923. -SerialvNm 654,262. y

T0 all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, Oscar` JUNGGREN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Schenectady, in the county of Schenectady, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Elastic- Fluid rI'urbines, of which the following is a specification. v i

The present inventionv relates to elastic fluid turbines in which the elastic fluid is withdrawn from ythe,` turbine at an intermediate stage, reheated, and returned again to the next lower stage of the turbine. This is ordinarilyV termed reheating between stages.

In turbines, of considerable output, the

volume of elastic fluid to bel withdrawn and returned againV to the machine is large, which means that conduits of considerable size are required to handle it, and kone object of my invention is. to provide an improved construction and arrangement 'whereby conduits for the withdrawal of the elastic fluid from the turbine and itsfreturn to the turbine are provided without materially increasingthe length ofthe machine. I

Also, in s uch turbines, since the Yelastic fluid is withdrawn from one stage, reheated, and returned to the next lower stage, there is a considerable difference in temperature between these two stages which means that' there rwill beconsiderabledilference in the amount of expansion, and a further object of my invention ispto provide an improved construction vand arrangement which will permit ofunequal expansion of the parts without there being setup stresses of an unduly large value. v. Y y n n v For; a consideration of what I believe lto be novel and my invention, attention is directed to the accompanying description and the claims appended thereto. l

In the drawing, the figure is a side elevation, partly in section of a turbinestructure embodying my invention.,V 4 L y v f rReferring to the drawing, 1V indicates the turbineocasingand 2the shaft 'upon rwhich are mountedthefturbine bucket wheels At 4 is indicated the 'admissionconduit through which elastic liuidis supplied to the turbiIlQl-i The. low :pressure endfof the turbine isnot illustrated in the drawing, vonly so much. ,gli the machine' being shownr as is required afilliarate my ieveatee The turbine casing is divided into stages by the nozzle diaphragms 5, there being a single wheel in each stage in the present instance. The elastic fluid is withdrawn from the stage indicated at 6, reheated, and then returned to the next lowerv stage indicated at 7.

ASurrounding the turbine casing adjacent to stage 6, are walls 8, 9 and 10 which dene an `annular chamber 11 which kcommunicates with stage 6 vthrough passages 12 and surrounding lthe turbine adjacent .to stage 7 are walls 13- and 14; which define with'wall 10 an'annular chamber 15 which communicates with stage 7 through passages 16. Walls 9 and 14 are integral with-each other and with the turbine casing and form in substance apart of the turbine casing.A

Chamber 11 is made of suflicient size to handle the volume of elastic fluid from stage and leading from it isa conduit or discharge passage 17 through which the elastic fluid is conveyed to the reheater. Likewise chamber 15 is made of sufficient size to handle the reheated elastic fluid which is conveyed to it through Aconduit or inlet passage 18 which vcommunicates therewith. VWall 8 is in the form of an .axially extending ring having an enlarged end 19 in which the passages 12 are formed, such passages being positionedv and curved so as to recelve the elastic fluid discharged Vfrom the 'naL buckets ofthe bucket `wheel in stage Gand direct it into chamber k11. The left hand end of wall 8 is seatedfin the turbine casing as indicated at 20 and carries the diaphragm which it surrounds. It is fixed against axial movement by shoulders 21 and Visrlocked in place by a wedge shaped key 22. The right V hand end of ring 8 is locked to wall 10 and the diaphragm 23 between stages 6 and 7 by tongue and groove connections 24 and 25.

- A suitable amount of clearance is pro vided between the adjacent, axially-extending surfaces ,of tongue land groove connec- Y tions 24 and25 so as topermitfree relative radial expansion between the parts.

VValllOaisY joinedvto wall 13 bywebs or plates 2 6 which Vdefine withy the adjacent lsurfaces ofv walls 10 and 13, the passages 16 which are shaped to form nozzles for directing the elastic fluid from annular chamber l5 to the buckets on the bucket wheel in stage 7. Ory viewed from another aspect, 'willS 1Q and 13 may 'be onsderel as, e silk gle integral structure in which are formed the nozzle passages 16. -`Wall 13 is iixed to the turbine casing at the end toward the low pressure end of the machine by an annular tongue and groove connection as indicated at 27, and carries the diaphragme which it surrounds. At 27L is a wedge shaped locking key for fastening the tongue in the groove. rlhe outer edge of wall 10 fits in a groove 28 at the juncture of walls 9 and 14, there being a suitable amount of clearance in a radial direction as indicated at 29 to permit of relative expansion and contraction of the parts.

At 30 is an annular chamber which receives elastic fluid from the turbine stage in advance of stage 6 by way of passages B1 and 32 and delivers it through a passage 33 to any desired point outside the turbine. The elastic fluid thus extracted from this stage may be used for herting the liquid used in the boilers which supply the elastic fluid to the turbine. Passage 31 may be in the form .of a number of spaced holes in ring 8. Passage 32 may be formed by spacing the adjacent diaphragm walls from ring 8. Such spacing may be effected by means of suitable pins With the foregoing arrangement it will beseen that both the wall 8 and the wall structure comprising walls 10 and 13 are free to expand and contract in a radial direction, thereby avoiding` danger of buckling of the parts or the setting up of stresses in the turbine casing.

The wall 10 is a partition wall between chambers 11 and 15 and is preferably ar ranged substantially in line with diaphragm 23 between stages 6 and 7. The elastic fluid is removed on the high pressure side of wall 10 and returned on the low pressure side of it. The bucket wheel in stage 7 is made of greater diameter than the bucket wheel in stage 6. This brings nozzle passages 16 outside passages 12 and I then arrange passages 16 and 12 so they are substantially concentric, both surrounding stages 6 and 7. By this means I am enabled to provide for the removal of the elastic fluid from the one stage of the turbine and its return to the next lower stage without increasing to any great extent the axial length of the machine.

Then the turbine is in operation, the elastic fiuid discharged from the buckets of the bucket wheel in stage 6 is conveyed by the annular ring of passages 12 to' annular chamber 11 and from there by way-of conduit 17 to the reheater (not shown). After being reheated the elastic fiuid is returned through conduit 18 to annular chamber from whence it flows through the ring of nozzle passages 16 to' the Vbuckets on the bucket wheel in stage 7. The temperature' of the elastic iiuid in chamber 15 is thus very much higher' than that in chamba 11 which means that the respective portions of the turbine directly adjacent Vto chambers 11 and 15 are subjected to greatly differentl temperatures. my invention these adjacent portions are permitted to expand and contract radially independently of each other. At the same time, however, they are firmly held against movement in an axial direction.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof, but I desire to have understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention may be carried out by other means.

l/Vhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In an elastic fluid turbine, a casing comprising walls which define adjacent annular chambers which surround the casing, certain of such walls extending in an axial direction and being fixed at one end and free to expand radially at the other end, and means defining sets of passages in said axially-extending walls which connect the chambers to the interior of the turbine casing.

2. In an elastic fluid turbine, a casing comprising walls which define adjacent annular chambers which surround the casing, certain of such walls extending in an axial direction and being fixed at one end and free to expand radially at the other end, diaphragms supported by such axially-ex-` tending walls, said diaphragms defining stages in the turbine, and means defining passages which connect adjacent stages to said annular chambers.

3. In an elastic fluid turbine, a rotor hav` ing rows of blades, a casing having at one point a part of a diameter greater than the adjacent parts whereby there is provided a surrounding enlarged portion, a wall dividing the lcasing into two sections and the enlarged portion into adjacent -chambers, means defining passages for directing elastic fluid from a bucket row to one of said chainbers. and means defining passages for' directing elastic fluid from the other chamber to another bucket row', whereby, through said chambers, elastic fluid may be withdrawn from the turbine, reheated, and returned to the turbine.

4. In an elastic Huid turbine, a casing comprising walls which define adjacent annular chambers which surround the casing, certain of such walls extending in an axial direction and being fixed at one end and free to expand radially at the other end, diaphragms supported by' such axially-extending walls, said diaphradgms defining stages in the turbine, and means defining sets of passages which connect adjacent stages to saidannular chambers, said sets of passages being located one radially out-V side the other. j

5; In an elastic fluid turbine, a casing having at one point a part of a diameter greater than the adjacent parts whereby there is provided an` enlarged surrounding portion, diaphragms dividing the casing into stages, walls which divide the casing into two sections and which form with such enlarged portion two annular chambers, passages in said walls which connect one ofk the chambers with the last stage of the one turbine section, and passages in said walls which connect the other or said chambers with the firststage of the other turbine section, the passages for the respective stages being concentric with 'each other.

6. In an elastic fluid turbine, a casing having at one point, a part of a diameter greater than the adjacent parts whereby there is provided a surrounding enlarged portion, diaphragms dividing the casing into stages, walls associated with said part of greater diameter which form therewith two annular chambers, said walls forming supports for the diaphragms which they surround, and passages in said walls which connect the chambers with. adjacent turbine stages, the adjacent ends of said walls being free to expand and contract radially,

7. In an elastic fluid turbine, a casing having at one point a part of a diameter greater than the adjacent parts whereby there is provided a surrounding enlarged diaphragms dividingV the casing into stages, axially-extending walls fixed to the casing adjacent the inner edges of the enlarged portion and projecting toward each other, said walls forming supports for the diaphragms which they surround, a radially-extending wall associated with said axially-extending walls and serving to divide the enlarged casing portion intoy two chambers, and passages in said walls which connect said chambers with adjacent turbine stages.

8. In an elastic fluid turbine, a casing having at one point va part of a diameter greater than the adjacent parts whereby there is provided a surrounding enlarged portion, diaphragms dividing the casing into stages, axially-extending walls fixed to the casing adjacent the Vinner edges of the enlarged portion and projecting toward each other, vsaid walls forming supports for the diaphragms which they surround, a radially-extending wall fixed to the free end of one of said axially-extending walls and having a tongue and groove connection with the other axially-extending wall and with the wall of the `enlarged portion, radial clearance being provided to permit expansion and contraction of the parts, and passages in said walls which connect the chambers with adjacent turbine stages.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 26th day of July, 1923. f

OSCAR JUNGGREN.

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