US1542294A - Burner - Google Patents

Description

June 16, 1925. 1,542294 G. L. FOGLER BURNER Filed April 8, 1921 FIG. 1

INVENTOR Patenta! June 16,

eo'o I. OI' I'I'TBBUBGE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO JAMES B. BLACK- BUBN, OI' HTTSBUBGE, rmsnvm.

sumus.

Application fledDfll l, 1921. serlo. 459383.

To all whom it may 'coment: v Be itknown that I, Gnone L. Foomm, .e citizen of-the United States, and resident of Pittsbur h, in the count of Allegheny and State 0% Pennsylvania, ave invented a A new and useful Improvement in Bumers;

and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and` exact description thereof. i

My invention relates to burners for a liquid, gaseous or colloidal fuels, and it has for its object' to provide an im roved burner constructon wherein the fue and air are more thoroughly mixed than in any type of burner heretofore' known. r

More specifically, one object of my invention is to provide a burner havin a mixing chamber and means fon conductmg a stream of air into the mixng chamber and for injecting a stream of fuel a ainst, and in the opfposte direction to, the incoming stream o air. 'The fuel, when it first enters the mixing chamber, thus moves directly away from the combustion point, its movement being checked by the' movin stream of air and the fuel bein thus cause to mushroom" or spread in al directions. By this means, the fuel is thoroughly broken up and mixed with the air', and is carried in suspension in the air to the point of combustion.

Another object of my invention isto provide means for imparting a rotary movement to a combustion mixture of air and fuel immediately before the mixture is introduced into the combustion chambe'r,

thereby agitating the fuel and' air and mixing them still more thoroughly,

In hydrocarbon bu'ners of the so-called 'Finjector type a stream of air underpres-` sureis caused to move across or around a fuel inlet o ening the fuel being either drawn into t e mixing chamberby the suction eflect of the current of air or being forced into the mixing chamber under pressure. .In either case the fuel has heretofore been introduced into the mixing cham -ber while moving either in the same direction as the stream of air or in a directionacross the path of movement of the air. The-`oil or gas' so mixed with the air is broken up to a greater or less extent and is carried with the air into the combustion chamber, but in every case the individualparticles of the fuel are still relatively large when they reach the. oint of combustion, since the travel main y in the same direction as t e air and are therefore not subjected to disintegrating forces. The result s that when the mixture enters the combustion'chamber there is not suflicient air in contact with the individual particles of fuel to completely burn the fuel'unless a very large exccss of air is employed, in which case a considerable part of the heat produced b sorbed y the excess of air and the heatefliciency of the fuel is thus reduced.

According to my present invention I employ an entirely novel method of mixing the fuel with the air in the mixin chamber of the burner, whereby the fuel, instead of being merely brought into contact with the stream of ar, is driven directly against the stream of air. a This method of feeding the fuel in counter-current relation to the incoming current of ar has the advantage the combustion of the fuel is abv that the mechanical impact of the two oppo- 'sitely moving streams serves to break 'u the fuelvery thoroughly 'and' distribute t intimately with the air in the mixing chamber, so that the fuel arrives at the combustion point in homogeneous mixture with the air and not as a mass of relatively large globules as in ordinary burners. Thereore, without using a great excess of air there is suflicient oxygen resent to burn the fuel completely and quic ly.

The air and fuel are still more' thorou hly mixed, just before they enter the com ustion chamber, by means of a deflector which imparts to the mixture a -rotary motion around theaxis of its on'ward movement,- the rate of onward movement'being at the same time somewhat checked in order to obtain better' dis ersion 'of the mixture in 'the combustion c amber.

For a further understanding of my in- Vention reference may now be' had to the Fig. 3 is another transverse sectional view of thedeflector, the section bein Itaken sub'- stanti'all'y along the line 3-3, g. 1.

`In` the drawing, thenumeral 1 indicates ina general way the breast wall of a furnace or other combustion apparatus composed of suitable refractory material and 2 ndicates one of the usual burner tiles having a' fiaring opening 3` throu h which mixed fuel and air are delivere into the' furnace through a burner of my improved Construction, having as its main parte :in

air inlet 4,`a fuel inlet 5, a mixing chamber 6 and a deflector or agitator 7.

nozzle 5 has a reduceddischarge opening 10. A valve 11, of any suitable Construction, regulates the admisson of fuel throughthe inlet member 5 and is connected by means of a pipe 12 to any suitable source of liquid or aseous fuel, not shown, the fuel being pre erably supplied under suitable pump pressure or gravity pressure' sufcient to cause the fuel to issue from the discharge opening 10 of the nozzle 5 in a stream having considerable velocity. The air is also supplied under pressure, but the pressure of the air should be somewhat less than the pressure under which the fuel is delivered in order that the air pressure may not shut ofi the flow of fuel.

The upper end of the tubular member 8.

is threaded to receive a flange 13 which suports the ,deflector 7 For this purpose the ange 13 is provided with openings 14 to receive bolts 15 which extend through similar openings in lugs 16 that extend laterally from the lower endof a sleeve 17 which encloses the defiector. The upper end of the sleeve 17 fits into a recess 18 adjacent to the fiaring opening 3 which leads into the combustion chamber. i

A gasket 19 of suitable packing material is clamped between the flange 13 and the defiector sleeve 17 by means of nuts 20 ap-` plied to the bolts 15. 7

The sleeve 17 is provided at-its lower edge with screw threads 21into which is screwed a flange 22 formed at the lower edge of a hollow conical de flector member 23.' The defiector member 23 is provided with a number 'of slots 24 extending from the flange 22 nearly to the top of the defiector and shorter slots 25 are disposed between the long slots 24. The slots 24 and 25 are inclined later-ally, as best shown in Fi s. 2 and 3, so that the mixture of' fuel an air passing through these slots is given a sidewise defiection and a rotary movement is 'should be substantiall Latest&

thus set up in the fuel and air mixture. The combined areas of the slots 24 and 25 should be substantially equal to the area of the inlet to the deflector, and this inlet area equal to the area of the upper end of the s eeve 17, where it joins the fiaring opening 3.

The cross-sectional area of the. annular space around the cone 23 should be equal, at 2111 points, to the area of the inlet and outlet of the defiector. The combustion mixturethus meets with but little resistance in passing through the deflector, its movement being merely changed, in part, from simple forward movement to rotation around the axis ofits forward movement.

The mixture of air and -fuel issuing through the longer 'slots forms a hollow whirling cone which is more or less independent of the hollow cone of air and fuel issuing through the shorter slots, and these two bodies of material act upon each other to increase the homogeneity of the air and fuel mixture. In order to increase this effect still further, the shorter slots may be set at an angle different from that of the longer slots, or may be inclined in the opppsite direction. A

In certain cases, as where very heavy fuel oil is burned, two or more defiectors may be employed in tandem, the fuel and air mixture passing through the deflectors successively before entering the combustion chamber.

In operation, air enters the burner under constant pressure, through the inlet 4, and oil, gas or other liquid, semi-liqud, oolloidal or gaseous fuel, which may be pre-heated if desired, enters through the inlet 5 controlled by the valve 11 and issues from the discharge opening 10 directly against the incoming stream of air. The fuel is thus broken up thoroughly, and the intimate mixture of air and fuel so produced is carried on by the air pressure existing in the mixin chamber and passes through the slots 24 an 25 in the deflector member 23, being thereby given a spinning movement around its axis of forward movement in the manner described above. At this time the speed of onward movement of the fuel and air mixture is reduced, by reason of the flaring shape of the o ening 3, and the combustion mixture sprea s laterally from the opening 3 instead of issuing ina solid stream. When the mixture enters the combustion chamber,

the air and fuel are so thorou hly mixed that the fuel burns complete y without forced draft, and develops its maximum thermal efficiency. r

The two main features of my inventionr which I consider to be novel and important are, first, the mixing of uel with air by driving the fuel against an advancing stream of air and in the opposite direction,

nmes;

the additional mixing of the air and fuel by' agitating the mixture just before it enters the combustion chamber.

Eitler of these twoprincipal features of my invention may be used alone, if desired,`

the counter-current mixer ,being used without the deflector, or the deflector being attached to some other form of' mixer. For best results, however, the mixer and the deflector should both be em loyed; v The deflector has certain indepen ent uses. For example it may be .introduced into the fuel' intake of an internal combustion engine, between the' carbureter and the intake manifold, where it greatly improve's the combustion by producing a more intimate and homogeneous mixture of fuel and air.

` My counter-current mixing device also has certain independent uses, such for eit-` ample, as the stripping of gases containing heavier'vapors or lquids.` In particular, this part of my invention is of great advantage in separating asoliie rom natural gas according to t e method set forth and c aime'd in my copendin application for Letters Patent' filed pril. 8, 1921, Serial Number 459364. v

It will be understood that the burner need not be arranged vertically as shown in the accom an ing drawing, but may be installed' wit t e mixing chamber horizontal or otherwise arranged, according to the circumstances where t is to be used. It will also be understood that my invention is not restricted to the use of any particular kind of fuel, or to any particular kind of heatin apparatus, being equally applicable to. urnaces, stationary boilers, locomotive boilers, 'marine boilers, and to all other 'uses where efl`ective combustion of 'fluid fuel is desired. As applied to marine boilers, my burner the advanv tage that the boiler room need not be ke t under super-atmospheric ressure, as is t e case in ordinary oil burning shi-ps boilers, for the reason that the air supply is del1vered`-direotly from the blower to my burner in' a closed channel, instead of be-' ing drawn into the burner from the boilerroom, as is 'ordinarily the case on oil-burning veels. .Where a. number of iburners are supplied with air from the same blower, a header is connected to'the blower and is provided with branch pipes leading to.

the individual burner-s. This arrangement also prevents back-firing, which frequently occurs' in boiler rooms where the air is drawn into the burners directly 'from the room. i

The structural details herein shown and e described may be varied in many respects without departing from my inv'ention, and

shown be taken-as`merely illustrative and that no' limitations be imposed'on' my`in vention except such as are indicated in the appended-claims.

I claim as my inventon:

1. A'burner comprising a mixing chamber, means for introducing a stream of air.

into the said chamber, means for introducing a stream of fluid fuel under pressu're into 'the said mixing chamber and n a direction oplposite to the direction of movement of t e air, said mixing chamber bein substantiallynnobstructed to the said fue inlet, and means for agitating the resulting mixture of air and fuel between the said mixing chamber and the point of combustion. .u

2. A burner oomprising a mixing chamber, means for introducing a stream of air into the said chamber, means for introducing a stream of fluid ;fuel under pressure into the said mixing chamber and n a drection opposite to the direction of movement: of the air, said mixing chamber b eing substantially unobstructed to the sad fuel inlet, and means for imparting a rotary movement to the resulting mixture of air and fuel between the said mxing chamber and the point of combustion.

3. ;A burner comprising a tubularmixing chamber, a damper disposed at the ar nlet thereof, a fuel inlet extending through one wall of the said mixing chamber and havin a nozzle extending axially of the said c amber and toward the said damper, and a deflector secured to theend of the said tubular member opposite the sad damper, the said deflector comprismgfl a* sleeve or casing and a hollow concal member disposed within the said sleeve and having slots formed lengthwse along, ts sides, the said slots being nchned a ally so as to impart a rotary moton to the combustion mixture issung through the said s ots from the said tubular member.

4. A burner comprising a mxm chamber, means for supplying fuel an ar to the said chamber, a deflector, an nlet from the said mxing chamber tc the sad deflector and an outlet from the sad deflector, the said deflector havng opemngs fol-med -therein for the passage of the mxed fel and air, the combined areas of the' said openin being substantall area o the sad inletand ing also sublet. w

5. A burner compris ng a mxm chamber, means for suppvng fuel an to the said chamber, a eflector com nsng a hollow cone having its larger en in communication with the said and having a plurality of later y inclined slots formed lengthwise along'its sides, and a sleeve surrounding the 'said eone and llO equal to the stantially equalto .the area of the said outspaced therefrom, the combined areas of the said Slots being' substantially equal to the area, of the inlet end of the said cone and being also substantially 'equal to the outlet from the said sleeve.

6. A burner comprisin a, mixing chamber consisting of a straig t ylnder means for. admitting hair axally mto the said chamber, a uel inlet extending through one wall of said chamber and having a nozzle extending &xially to said chamber and open- 1,54239&

ing in the direction opposite to that of ai& flow through said chambei',"the said mixing chamber' being unobst'rueted except for said fuel inlet and nozzle;

In testimony whereof, 1, "the said GEORGE L. FOGLER have hereunto set my hmd.

GEORGE L. FOGLER.

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