US1542256A - Paper-making machine - Google Patents

Description

'Jun [l6, 1925.

' W. E. MCINTYRE XFAPER MAKING MACHINE Filed July 24 1924 BON 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 w. E. MCI'NTYRE Jun 16, 1925.

PAPER MAKING MACHINE 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet '2 Filed July 24 June 16, 1925.

35 SheetsSheet 5 Filed July 24 1924 Patented June M3,- 1925.

PATENT E.-

WINFIELD'E."MCINTYRE, OF FAYETTEVILLE, NlllW YORK.

' PAPER-MAKING MACHINE.

Application filed July 24, 1924. Serial No. 727,995.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, VINFIELD EL Mo- INTYRE, a citizen of the United States, resid ing at Fayetteville, in the county of Onondaga and State of New York, have-invented certain new and useful Improvements in Paper-Making Machines, of which the following is a specification. v

This invention relates to improvements in paper-making machines, particularly of the type employing cylinders for forming tissue and other thin and light papers.

The object of the invention is to provide novel and simple means for regulating the flow of 'the liquid pulp into the vat that con- "tains the vacuiim cylinder upon which the web of paper is formed. A further object is to provide means for agitating and remixing the liquid pulp after it enters the vat and before the web is formed, for the purpose of effecting a more even distribution of the binding fibers throughout the web, thereby equalizing the tensile strength of the web in alldirections and obviating the usual streaking and the pronounced longitudinal grain common to the products of the older tissue paper machines. further object is to providemeans for deflecting the liquid pulp from the suction cylinder while the stock'is being agitated within the vat, thereby pre venting the binding fibers from assuming generally a longitudinal course, which'produces the. usual one-way grain ofthe web. Af'urthe'r object is to provide a flow regulator which is interposed between the flow box and the vat, the saidregulator being adjustable towards and away from the cylinder for decreasing and increasing the volume, as well as the agitation of th'pulp, the said regulator also controlling the head of the pulp which is being delivered to the vat. A further object is to providea flexible apron which is supported by the deflector, the said apron being arranged to frictionally engage and shield the portion of the cylinder directly opposite the flow regulator, for preventing direct contactof the pulp with the cylinder adjacent the point where the agitation and remixing of the pulp takes place. A further object is to provide means for drying the newly formed web of paper while it is travelling from the couch-roll to 'the heated drying rolls, for. preventing the breaking-of the web; the said preliminary drying rendering possible to effect the final drying and'curing of the paper by the use of a relatively small number of heated lows, and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in which- I Figure 1 is a front side elevation ofthe wet-end of a paper making machine,'to which my improvements are applied. Fig. 2 is respectively an end and a front face view of the pulp deflector, with the flexible apron attached. Fig. 3 is an enlarged broken-side elevation of the machine, in which the vat and neighboring parts are shown in section; the latter being taken on line 3 3 of Fig. 5., Fig. 4 is a plan view of the flow gage. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section, taken substantially on line. 5-5 of Fig. 3. And Fig. 6 is a detail view of the lowermost main press-roll, showing means for driving the several rolls and-belts throughout the machine.

In the drawings, the frame of the machine which supports all of the working parts,.

consists of similar side portions 2 and 2, which may rest upon any suitable foundation. 3 represents the substantially semi der or mold 6, which is mounted upon a shaft 6, thesaidparts being rotatable in 'the vat in the direction of the arrow on the end of the cylinder, by the frictional contact of the usual couch-roll '7. The couchroll is rigid on a shaft 7, which journals in bearings 7, the latter being mounted upon forwardly extending arms 7", which are pivoted to frame uprights 2 (see Figs. 1 and The couch-roll 7 is driven by a felt belt 8, which extends forwardly. and

passes between main press-rolls 9 and 9'. The felt 8 then extends forwardlyagain and then downwardly and back to the rear end of themachine, and in doing so it is supported and guided by a series of idler and tension rolls 10l0, and finally passes bctween a pair of squeeze-rolls 10, which are located near the cylinder 6 and the roll 7. The press-roll 9 is rigid on a shaft 9, which rotates in half-bearings 9 and may be driven by any suitablejpower by means of mitergears 99. The press-roll 9' is operated by the roll 9 under varying tension, which is produced by a lever 12- which is pivoted to an upright '2 of the frame, and by a rod 12 and a lever 12, the latter car rying, an adjustable weight 12 for regulating the tension, as shown in Fig. l. is washed and cleansed by a whipper 13,'and pipes 1313 which spray the opposite sides of the felt with fresh water before it reaches the squeeze rolls 10 The liquid pulp 4 flows from the boxet over the dam 5 into the vat 3 in a continuous stream, and the layer or web of paper is formed on the submerged outer surface of the cylinder 6, which carries the web around to the point of contact with -the felt 8. The felt 8 then takes the web from the cylinder 6 and carries it around the couch-roll 7 and thence forwardly to the press-rolls 99 in a continuous strip.

14 represents a second relatively long felt belt, which passes between the press-rolls 9 9, over' an idler roll 14, and back to the top of the roll 9, from which point said felt extends towards the rear endof the machine, and is supported and guided by a series of idler and tension rolls 15-15, by which it is carried back towards the press= roll 9. The felt 14 is washed by fresh water spray from a pipe 16 which lies upon the felt, the water being sucked fromthe felt 14- by a vacuum box 1.6-. laden' with the wet web of paper it receives from the cylinder 6, also passes over a series of suction-boxes 8 (see Figs. 1 and 3), which remove the greater portion of the moisture ,from the web.

Theweb of paper while passing between thepress-rolls 9 9 is picked up by the felt 14 which carries it around the roll 14', then rearwardly towards the roll 9, where the web is taken from the felt 14 by a plain relatively \large press-roll or drum 17, by' which the web (shown at 17 in Fig. 1) is delivered to the usual heated driers' (not shown). By the dispostion and arrangement of .the felts 8 and 1a, and also the suction-boxes 8 and 16' the web 17' is delivered to the drum 17 in a relatively dry state, whiclrpractically obviates all danger of breakage of the web after it leaves the drum 17.

He'retofore, practically all tissue paper made by cylinder machines, has shown a pronounced grain, which runs in the direc tion of thelength of the webs that are formed upon the vacuum cylinders, as 6.

The felt S The felt 8- This one-way grain, tends to produce a marked tensile strength longitudinally, but the webs are almost entirely lacking in tensile strength laterally, and often break or slit at the slightest transverse strain. This great variation between the longitudinal and transverse strength of the tissue paper produced by the older cylinder machines is due largely to the age-old method of delivering the liquid pulp to the vats, in which the suction cylinders rotate, in a direct and uncontrolled stream. It has been the practice to flow the liquid pulp over the dam, as 5, which separates the box a from the vat 3, in such manner that the pulp, upon entering the vat makes direct contact with the cylinder, and as the flow of the pulp towards the constantly rotating cylinder is continuous in the general direction of the length of the web of paper, most of the relatively long binding fibers incorporated in the pulp are carried towards the cylinder and become fixed in the web of paper parallel to each other and with their linear dimension pointing in the direction of the flow of the pulp and the rotation of the cylinder, thereby producing the longitudinal grain referred to, and by reason of the aforesaid f e and uncontrolled delivery of the pulp to the vat, comparatively few of the fibers are found disposed transversely in the web, which accounts for the extremely low tensile strength laterally. Furthermore, this quiet and undisturbed flow of the pulp into the vat, allows the fresh stock to mingle with the pulp already -in the vat, in such'manner that the solid portions of the pulp invariably collect in more or less dense masses, which when drawn against the foraininous surface of the cylinder by the suction tends to form dark and heavy streaks upon a relatively light and thin back-ground. thereby producing an irregularly clouded sheet or web; the said streaks remaining after the paper is dried ready for use. The weakness of the tissue paper made by the older cylinder machines, which snlit readily when snbiected to trans verse strains, renders the paper unfit for wrapping and many other uses. The uneven formation or thickness of the paper, due to theaforesaid streaking also interferes with the proper drying and curing of the rapidly moving web and renders the true and smooth 7 agitated within the vat before making condense and light longitudinal streaks in thetact with the cylinder 6, in such manner that both the long fibers and the short pulp are evenly distributed throughout the liquid mass, and the tendency to form alternate web of paper is obviated. The present invention enables me to. produce a web of paper by a cylinder machine similar to that produced by the well-known Fourdrinier machines, without pronounced grainv in any direction, and having substantially equal tensile strength in all directions. present invention prevents the fibers .from taking any general or preferred direction in the web of paper. My improvement con- 'sists principally of the following parts:

18 represents a novel flow gage or regulator comprising a flat strip or bar of wood or metal having a length substantially equal to the-length of the vat 3 and the dam 5, and which is disposed horizontally upon the topof the dam parallel to the cylinder, as shown in Figs. 1 and? The fiow gage 18 is preferably broader than the top face of the dam, and is adjustable thereon by means of transverse slots 18', through which loopheaded screws 19 are inserted and screwed into the dam. The flow-gage is movable horizontally towards and away from the cylinder 6, for decreasing and increasing the depth or volume of the pulp flowing from the box 1 to the vat 3. stock deflector comprising a relatively thin wood or metal strip, which is disposed at an angle to the part 18 and substantially radial to the axis of cylinder 6, as shown in Figs.

'1 and 3, and is preferably positioned slightly above and forwardly of the dam 5. The deflector is held adjustably in place and is guided by spaced cleats 20', which are secured to the opposite ends of the vat 3 (see Figs. 3 and '5), and to its lower edge is secured a flexible apron 20 (see Figs. 1, 2

and 3), which extends downwardly and.

partially covers the woven-wire surface of the cylinder 6. The apron 2O preferably extends a considerable distance below the flow-gage 18, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and prevents the pulp'which flows over the gage from contacting directly with the said portion of the cylinder. The object of this construction and arrangement ofthe parts 18, 20 and 20 is to prevent the fresh pulp from being carried downwardly in an uninterrupted stream by the rotating drum until the inflowing'mass has been suitably agitated and remixed, as explained. The agitation and remixing of the fresh pulp occurs mainly beneath the overhanging margin 18 of the gage, and is effected by the pulp flowing over the gage, thence against the apron 20 which being stationary and also bulging towards the ledge 18 and the dam, causes the pulp to swirl and tumble The 20 represents a beneath the ledge and become thoroughly mixed without interference by the rotating drum 6, until the pulp sinks below the lower -margin of the apron. By this time the bind; ing fibers which form an important part of ind'er 6, the head of the pulp in the box 4 is increased, and the stream that subsequently passesbetw'een the gage 18 and the'de flector 20 enters the vat with greater force, which tends to effect a more violent agitation of the pulp immediately below-the ledge 18, and accordingly produces a clearer and more even texture of the web. Moving the strip 18 awayfroin the drum 6 lowers the head thereby increasing the volume, but reducing the tation before the suction takes place aper formed by the last described adjustment usually has less tensile strength laterally than when the gap between the gage and the deflector is narrowed, as explained. 1

By combining the feature of the Ho gage 18 and the deflector 2020, which eliminate the streaked and uneven thickness of the paper, with the press- rolls 9, 9 and 17, and the two relatively long felts 8 and 14, which are conditioned by the suction boxes 8 and 16, the web of paper 17 is delivered by the rollv 17 at least 30% drier than the product of the ordinary cylinder type tissue paper machines in common use. By-the adoption and use of the improvements herein shown and described, I am able to run my machines at higher speed and produce clearer, finer grain, and stronger paper at comparatively low expense for machinery, power and attendance, while the final drying of the paper may be effected by fewer heated driers, which re- 1 quire less room and steam heat and lessat tention and care than heretofore.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, is

1. In a machine for making cloudless paper, a vat, a foraminous cylinder in the vat, a flow-box separated from the vat by a submerged dam, means adjustably supported by the dam for regulating the flow of the liquid pulp over the dam, and a deflector cooperating with the dam for agitating and remixing the pulp within the vat below said regulating means before the web of paper'is formed.

2. In a machine for making paper, the

combination with a vat, a foraminous cylinder in the vat, and aflow-box separated from the vat by a dam, of h gage adjustably mounted on the dam adapted for regulating the volume of the liquid pulp flowing from the flow-box to the vat, and means adjustably interposed between the gage and the cylinder and cooperating with the dam and the said gage for eonditioning the pulp for forming a web of paper having substantially equal tensile strength in all directions. 3. In a machine for making cloudles tissue paper, the combination with acylinder, a at, and a flow-box separated from the vat by a submergedda'm, of a gage mounted upon the top of the dam for regulating the flow of the liquid pulp into the at, and a deflector disposed between the flow-box and the cylinder for preventing the pulp from contacting withthe cylinder until it sinks below the gage.

4. In a machine for, making paper, the combination with a vat, a; foraminous cylinder rotatable in the vat. a' couch-roll for driving the cylinder, and a flow-box separated trom the cylinder by a dam. of means movable relatively to the-damand cylinder for regulating the volume of liquid pulp flowing from said box into said vat, and means interposed betweeenthe cylinder and the dam and cooperating with the dam and said regulating meansl'f'or effecting the agitation of the pulp bet'o'refit comes 'in contact with the surface ofltlie cylinder.

In a machine tor-making cloudl'ess tissue paper, the combination with a vat, a foram'inous cylinder in the vat, and a flowbox separated from the vat by a submerged dam, of means for agitatingithe pulp within the vat before the webofp'aper is ormed on the cylinder comprisingza' gage adjustablyanounted on theydam fandzprojecting into the vat. and a deflector interposed between the gage and the cylinder, said gage and said deflector being movable relatively to each other and to the cylinder fo1' varying the extent of the agitation.

6. In a machine for making tissue paper. the combination with a cylinder, a vat, and

a flow-box separated from the vat by a dam,v

- ot a gage mounted on the top of the dam and being movable towards and away from the cylinder for gaging the flow of the liquid pulp into the va't. and a deflector adjustably supported by thg ends of the vat, said deflector being 61 :posed at an angle to the gage and including a depending apron that overlaps the fac of'the cylinder adjacent the gage. Z T

7. In a machine for making tissue paper. the combination with a cylinder. a couchroll, a vat in which the cylinder rotates, and a flow-box separated from the vat by a dam, of a flow-gage mounted horizontally on the top of the dam and being adjustable bodily towards and away from the cylinder,

and an inclined deflecting lMUlllSPOSQtl forwardly of and in a higher plane than the flow-gage and supporting a flexible apron which rides upon and shields the portion of the cylinder that faces the flow-gage.

8. In a' machine for making unclouded tissue paper, the combination with a vat, a vacuum cylinder in the vat, and a flow-box separated from the vat by a dam. of a gage for varying the. volume of the pulp flowing from the flow-box into the vat adjustably mounted upon the dam. means disposed between the gage and the cylinder for de fleeting the pulp downwardly. between the gage and the cylinder at an angle tangent to the cylinder, and means for preventing contact of the pulp with the surface of the cylinder until it sinks below the said gage. v

9. In a machine for making tissue paper,

the combination with a vat. a foraminous cylinder in said vat, and a flow-box separated from the vat by a dam. of means for preventing the streaking of the web of paper formed on the cylinder comprising a flow-gage supported by said dam and being movable towards and away from the cylinder in a horizontal plane, the said gage being broader than the dam and one lateral margin thereof forming a ledge that overhangs the side of the dam that faces the cylinder, a member adjustably disposed at an angle between the dam and the cylinder adapted to deflect the pulp flowing from the flow-box downwardly past the said ledge, and an apron depending from the lower margin of said member adapted to co-operate with the gage and the dam for agitating the pulp before it comes in contact with the cylinder below said apron.

' lO A machine for making tissue paper, including a vat. a foraminous cylinder in the vat, a fiow-box separated from the vat by a transverse dam, a couch-roll for driving the cylinder, a felt supported by and driving the said roll adapted to carry the web of paper formed .by said cylinder towards the drying end of the machine means interposed between the flow-box and the vat for regulating the flow of the pulp over said dam. and means interposed between the dam and the cylinder for deflecting the inflowing pulp from the cylinder towards the dam for agitating and remixing the pulp in the vat betore the web of paper is formed.

'11. In a machine for making tissue. paper. the combination with a cylinder, a at, and a flowbox separated from the vat by a dam, of a slotted gage mounted upon the.

dam, screws passing through the slots of the gage and screwing into the dam for holding the gage in various positions relaand the gage and parallel to said parts,

and a flexible apron adapted to deflect the pulp away from the cylinder and beneath the overhanging margin of the gage for agitating the pulp before the web of paper is formed on the cylinder.

In testimony whereof I alfix my signature.

WINFIELD E. MCINTYRE.

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