US1541697A - Treatment of hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Description

V.lume 9,1925. l l 1,541,697

G. F. FORWOOD ET Al.

TREATMENT OF HYDROCARBONS,

Fiied July 5, 1921 w' lli Ill'ijiM! Wynn-3 Patented June 9, v1925.

' 4UNITED STATES l-iaTEN'l OFFWE- GEORGE FREDERICK vFORWOOID vAND JOHN GILBERT TAPLAY, F LONDON,'ENGLAND, .ASSIGNORS T0 UNITED KINGDOM OIL COMPANY LIMITED, OEy LONDON, ENGLAND.

TREATMENT 0F HY'DROCARBONS.

Application med July 5,

of the King of Great Britain, residing at` London, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Treatment of Hydrocarbons (for which I have filed an application in Great Britain, April 16, 1919), of which fication.

This invention consists in treating various oils of the hydrocarbon type, and having a- L mJector into a retort in which the carbon is .high boiling point, at temperatures suitable 'for the particular oil to be treated, bypassing their vapours mixed with steam or Water vapour over hot carbon (wood peat or other vegetableor animal charcoal or such like carbonaceous matter) capable of decomposing the steam or. water vapour. when both the oil vapour and the steam or water vapour are at the same temperature, so that the carbon liberates hydrogen from. the steam and the hydrogen is taken up by the oil, hydrogenating it, the object being to obtain an oil or spirit such as petrol `suitable as a motor fuel or for other uses.

In order that the carbon shall be suitable it must be in a physical condition in which it will decompose steam or water vapour at the temperature used.

For the purpose ofour invention we do not employ graphite retort carbon and coke.

In our previous British Patent Application No. 133,059 dated 12th December 1916 correspondent to United States Patent No. 1,440,286, granted December 26, 1922, and to which our present invention relates we have referred to treating hydrocarbon oils ata temperature of about 500 C. but with some classes of oil it is preferred to use higher temperatures for ethciently cracking and liydrogenatmg such oils and these tempera-- tures vary accord ing to the class of bil to be treated.

F or instance in treating paraffin oil, boiling point 140 to 320 C., we prefer a temperature of 550 to 600 C., kerosene oil, boiling point 180-to 350 C., we prefer a temperature of 600 to 630 C., solar oil,- boiling point 280 to 370 C., we prefer a temperature-of 650 to 700 C., creosote oil, boiling point 180 to 270 C., we prefer a the following is a specl- 19.21. serial No. 482,552.

temperature of 65.0 to 750 C., and anthracene oil, boiling point 270 to 400 C., We prefer a temperature of T 50 to 800 C., and with regard to some classes of heavy paraihn oils such. as is used for fuel only, a

.temperature of 850 to 950 C. is requisite vfor the proper treatment and this is due to such oils having different compositions. to those already described although the boiling points and specific gravities of the fractions are similar.

In all cases the oil is forced through an the purpose of illust-ration, the drawing il-` lustrates a sectional elevation of an apparatus suitable for carrying out the improved process or method. I,

Referring to this drawing indetail, A is a tank for containing oil to be treated and has a pipe B connected thereto and leading from a suitable air compressor, not shown, and whereby air compression is passed to the tank to act upon the surface of the oil in the latter. A pipe C extends downwardly into and near the bottom of theA tank A and leads away from the top of the tank and connects with an injector nozzle D, adjacent to the attachment to the nozzle of a steam pipe E leading from a suitable source of steam supply for mixing steam with the atomized or vapourized oil after it passes from the said injector I). Between the walls G of a furnace vor heater a retort MF is supported to an angle and has its lower .end connected to a continuation of the pipe C on the opposite side of the injector -or nozzle `D and in advance of the connection of tlie'steam pipe E. 1Within the retort F is a perforated iron stop plate adapted to support charcoal I in the retort at the lower' end of the latter. From the upper en of the retort a pipe J extends and is connected by a branch pipe K and a dip pipe L to'a hydraulic main M for a passingr the products of distillation from the retort into said main Iand causing the products to pass through the liquid in the main, the main having an outlet N for oil and water.. The gases and vapours, after passing through 'the seal in the' hydraulic main M, are conveyed by a pipe P into a plurality of condensers Q, which are cooled by either water or air to atmospheric temperature, the' gases passing from one condenser to another lthrough pipes R in the usual manner, the

water and oils condensed from the gases falling into the receivers S from which they pass through pipe T to a storage tank.,l The cooled gases, still containing uncondensed vapours of; light spirits pass by way of 'pipe U to a scrubber V, for their removal. This scrubber is filled with broken brick, coke,` c

covery of the absorbed'light spirit, and the scrubbed permanentV gases. pass away fromv the scrubber 'by -the rpipe b. Any liquid products separating from the 'gas passing through the pipe U, and falling into the collecting 'chamber' Z are removed by ,the

'siphon pipe a, and mixed with the liquid lproducts from the condensers Q, "Q, Q.` It will bel understood that the retort F may be inclined in any suchl manner as renders it effective in the performance of its function,

and that any typeof condenser may be employed, and that other devices such as rotary or centrifugal washer may be employed Vin place of scrubbers.

To assist in the hydrogenation we may also -admit steam or water vapour at various parts of the retort viz,

(a)'At @right angles through the pipe c to the stream of oil vapours and steam admitted through the injector at the back end of the retort F, or it may be admitted (b) At such an angle through the pipe d as will cause it to meet the said vapours or it may be admitted (c) At such an angle as. by the curved.

pipe e as will cause it to flow in the same direction as the said vapours, or it may be admitted (al) At. the outlet end of the retort F as by the pipe f so that it flows against the stream of vapours aforesaid, or it may be admitted a (e) lSimultaneously in all thedirections mentioned.

, Although not absolutely necessary-it may be desirable to pre-heat the heavy oil, contained in the' reservoir under pressure, by.

-means of a steam coil fixed-in the reservoir, or bypassing the oil through a pipe heated by means of the waste gases from the furnace heating the retort containing the carbon, or by other means. The oil is, thereby rendered less viscous and will flow more readily. 'l

It will be understood that anthrac'eno and ereosote are included for the purpose of the present specilicationV under the/ term hy drocarbon as used in the claims hereto appended. l

vWhat we do claim as our invention and desire to secure, by Letters Patent is :-l

1. The process of treating'hydrocarbon oils, having boiling pointsfof' 140 C. or more to obtain an'oil or `'spirit suitable as .motor fuel, consisting in atomizing the-oil in aretort, 'mixingthe Asame 'with water va-` por or steam passed into lsaid retort from a different direction to that a't which said oil isintroduced, passing the mixture over car,

bon in a light porous form maintained at a temperature varying from 5500.0. to 950 C. according to the boiling point of theA oil, the` .vaporof which is being treated.

2. The process of treatingv hydrocarbon oils, having boiling points vof 140. C. or Imore to obtain an` oil or spirit` suitable as motor fuel, consisting in atomizin@ the oil' in a retort, mixing' vthe same with water vapor or steam passed into said retort from aplurality of diierent directions to that at which said oil is introduced,l passing the mixture over carbon in a light porous form maintained at a temperature varyin .from V550 to 950 C. according-to they iling .point of the oil, the vapor of which is being treated.

3. The process of 'treating kerosene, consi-stingin vaporizing same in a retort at the same time passingpsteam into said retort from a plurality of directions and conducting the mixture of steam and vaporized oil over carbon in a light porous form maintained at a temperature between 600 and 630 C.

4. The process of treating a hydrocarbon oil having a boiling point between 180O and `350 C., which comprises introducing such oil in one direction into a retort, concurrently Jintroducing steam or water vapor into the retort in an opposite direction, mixing the oill in an atomized state in the retort with the steam or water vapor, and passing the oil and steam or water vapor over carbon in' a light porous form while the latter and the oil and steam or water vapor are maintained at a temperature between 600 and 630 C. ,v

5. The process of' treating kerosene, consisting in vaporizing the same in a retort,

'oncurrntly passihg steam 'miao said retort set our hands ilfpresenoe 05E-two vsubscfibing from an opposite dxrection and conducting Witnesses.A

the-mixture of steam and vaporzed ol over GEORGE FREDERICK FORWOOD. carbon in a light porous form while main- JOHN GILBERT TM'LAY.

5 tained at a temperature between l600 and `VVitnesse's:

630 C. FRED W. SHIMP,

' In isetzilnolijwhercd we halve hereunto H. E. WRIGHT.

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