US1540594A - Internal four-cycle combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

vJune'Z, 1925. 1,540,594

J. J. BlscHoFF INTERNALE FOUR-CYCLE GOMUSTION ENGINE Filed Dec. 8. 1922 Patented June 2l, 1925.,

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.INTERNAL reina-CYCLE coMBus'rIoN ENGINE.

application fined December s, 11922. serial No.1e059s.

To all fic/1.10m t -mag/ concern:

Be it known that-I, -JAN JACOB Bisoi-rorii, a citizen 4ot the vrlingfdom or the .Netherlands, Dutch East Indies, residingv at Madioen, Java, Dutch East Ind-ies, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal Four-Cycle Combustion Engines, of which 'the following is ya specification.

There `are Aknown internal combustion engines in which .several cylinders of equal dimensions `are arranged side :by side and` are directly connected to eachother so that the aetion'of such an engine 'corresponds lto the action 1of Vaone-cylinder engine, the piston `area of which 'is equal to the itojtal or aggregate piston area of -the multi-cylinder engine. The transmission oI power from the "various'cylinders 'to the crank is indirect, by uneans of a common "connecting -rod 'o ordinary construction, and -the direction eof 'the `crank sha-ft is fat Eright angles -to a Vline drawn through lthe centres of the cylinders.

-fln afl-stroke engineoflthis type, the total quantity 'of lcombustible `mixture or gas contained in the various cylinder-s yis exploded at 'the Ysame time, lthat is, once ffor 'each rtwo revolutions, so that uthe crank shaft, ythe searrings, theconnecting rods and other parts must beconstructed lat leastas strongas in 'a `one-cylinder engine of ythe same power. The quantity oit' reciprocating masses rcmains 'the same, and 'there is -no advantage as regards 'balancing of the `masses in comparison with a one-cylinder engine.

Moreover, `it is impossible gto arrange the groups of cylinders radially in star-t, or `circle-formatiom as the position of the c ank shait renders such an arrangement impossible. The number of moving parts is also higher than in a one-cylinder engine, the manufacture is more expensive and the consumption ot fuel is higher; only the cooling surface and the space economy are greater than in a one-cylinder engine.

The engine forming the subject of the present invention is provided with three cylinders arranged side by side, the dimensions of the cylinders being, however, different. On each side of a large cylinder is arranged a cylinder oi' half the power of the large middle cylinder. Only the small cylinders are connected with each other so that their operation is independent of the operation of the middle cylinder and the controlling gear may be arranged in such a manner that during the suction period of the middle cylinder, the mixture or gas in the other two cylinders is exploded, or vice versa. In this manner, 'for each two revolutions two explosions' centrally ,transmitted upon one crank are'o'btained, or one explosion Yper revolution as in a one cylinder two-cycle motor. y

An Vengine constructed'according to the invention vis thereforefa three-cylinder engine having a two-cylinder feriect, while the known .three-.cylinder engines .produce only a one-cylinder effect.

.It will-be understood 'that the running-of the improved engine will be much more uniform than Athat of the known three-cylinder engine, and that in addition the weights of the moving part and consequently also the masses will ybe smaller and that, for instance, the connecting rod need not be considerably stronger than one 'sufficient for the middle cylinder only;

It" several groups of cylinders are used only one cran-k is required, the crank shaft being -parallelfto a 'line drawn through the centres of the cylinders, whereby a further saving in cranks, connecting rods, `bearings and other Iiparts is effected as compared with the known systems. Moreover, the vbalancing of the parts is considerably easier.

@ne .construction embodying the features offthe invention is shown by Way of example 4in tthe Yaconm-panyingdrawings in which Fio'. 4'l is asectional elevation of ian engine having three cylindersgglilig is a section on line YAEE in Fig. 1,; Figf Yaplan corresponding to l, and Fig. 4` an elevation showing motor having two groups of cylinders arranged in YV-formation.

l is the middle cylinder, the capacity of which is double that of the two side cylinders 2. The two cylinders 2 are in communication through a passage 3; 4L and 5 are the pistons, 6 are the piston rods which are rotatably mounted in the pistons; 7 is the piston rod of the cylinder l, which is designed as a connecting rod, the piston rods 6 being pivoted to a cross arm of the cross shaped rod 7 8 is a crank shaft, 9 is the crank and 10 is the crank case.

In contradistinction to lthe known systems, the transmission of power from the cylinders to the crank 9 is eected directly by means of the cross shaped piston or connecting rod 7, the lateral piston rods being connected to the lateral arms of an eXtension of the middle piston rod, which alone is connected to the crank shaft by means of an ordina-ry connecting rod. The ignition of the combustible mixture or gas in the cylinders is so arranged that while the gas or combustible mixture is drawn for instance into the middle cylinder7 ignition takes place at the same time in the two lateral cylinders which communicate with each other. This may be effected by means of a two-cylinder magnet.`

Owing to the fact that the explosions in the t-wo lateral cylinders occur at the same time, any detrimentally acting moment upon the cross shaped piston or connecting lrod 7 is avoided, whereas such moments may easily occur with Vcylinders having separate magnets. Obviouslyany desired number of cylinder groups may be used side by side with cranks under 180, 120, 90,

- etc., for two, three, four, etc., cylinder groups.

Fig. 4 shows an arrangementin which two groups are used in V-formation. If each group be composed of three-cylinders, a six-cylinder engine will be obtained which produces a four-cylinder effect, namely four explosions per two revolutions or two explosions for each revolution, all acting upon the same crank.

With three groups, each having three cylinders, a Ynine-cylinder engine will be obtained having a six-cylinder effect, that is, three explosions per revolution, and so on.

It will be understood that in this manner, the number of explosions per revolution may be considerably increased by suitably grouping the cylinders, whereby very uniformly running engines may be built having a very small fuel consumption, light construct-ion and small number ofmoving parts, together' with a very considerable cooling surface and requiring a very small space.

For smallmotors with al cross shaped connector in one part, as described, it is necessary that the crankshaft be placed parallel to the line which connects the centers of the cylinder circles of the same horizontal plane of section. For large motors wherein, asusual, a crosshead is added be tween the piston-rod and the connector, the crosshead pin (gudgeon) is lengthened on both sides to both .crossarms While in this case the oscillating movement of the pistonrods is changed to a straight movement, it is also possible to place the crankshaft at right angles to the motorblock. The crossarms on both sides are built for this arrangement on the sliders of the crosshead with a long and narrow (oblong) opening in the slides.

I claim as my invention 1. An internal four-cycle combustion engine comprising a casing having cylinders arranged therein, said cylinders comprising a central cylinder and two side cylinders; a crank shaft in said casing; a piston in said central cylinder and having a piston rod operatively secured at one end to said crank shaft; a cross arm on said piston rod intermediate the ends thereof; and a piston in each ofvsaid side cylinders and having a piston rod secured at one end to said cross arm, said piston in said central cylinder being adapted to produce a power 'stroke alternately with the power ystroke of the pistons of said side cylinders.

2. An internal four-cycle combustion engine comprising a casing having cylinders arranged therein, said cylinders comprising a central cylinder and two side cylinders; a crank shaft in said casing; a piston in said central cylinder and having a piston rod operatively secured at one end to said crank shaft; a cross arm on said piston rod intermediate the ends thereof; a passage connecting said side cylinders together; and pistons for said side cylinders having piston rods connected to said cross arm.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

J AN JACOB BISCHOFF.

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