US1538365A

US1538365A - Electbic ftjrnace

Info

Publication number: US1538365A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1925-05-19
Anticipated expiration: 1942-05-19

Description

May 19, 1925. 1,538,365

E. L. WILLSON ELECTRIC FURNACE Filed Oct. 16, 1922 3 Sheets-.Sheet l QM M m f NQ .www

.\.. m1, mm. m m

May 19', 1925. Y 1,538,365

E. L. WLLSON ELECTRIC FUnNA Filed Oct. 16. 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 "Hllnwf' f5- @MAM/tin May 19, 1925.

E. L. WLLSON ELECTRIC FURNACE Filed Oct. 16

. 1922 3 Shee'ts--Sheei'l 3 Il l Hilllh Patented May 19, 1925 UNITE'D STATI-:s

1,538,365 PATENT orrics.

EDwpi L. wmLso'N, or FARMINGTON, coNNEc'rIcUT.

ELECTRIC summer.

pplicationvled October "16, 1922. No. 594,831.

To allhomit'may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWIN L. llVxnnsoN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Farmington, county of Hartford, and State of Connecticut, have invented new and useful Improvements in Electric Furnaces, of which the following'is'a full, clear, and ex act specification.

My invention relates to furnaces and refers particularly to electrically heated furnaces.

The object of my device "is an internally electrically heated rotary' furnace ca able ofa continuous process of heating artic es autol matically at any desired temperature for any desired period of time either with. or without, the presence of air, carbonizing gases; ineit or other gases. Y 1

Considerable difficulty -has' been experi- "3 enced in obtaining .uniform temperature, hardness, bluing and other similar results upon a plurality of small articles. due tothe diiculty in obtaining an accurately uniform temperature and duration of treatment inthe heating process.

As the desired results depend upon the temperature and time of heat treatment and are affected by any variation thereof, it is evident that uniform results can be obtained only when each and every article has been subjected to the same heating temperature for the same length of time.

The difiieulty of thus treating a large` number of such small articles, as bearing balls,fchain links and other small parts, is evident and a device capable of accomplishing these results is-a. most valuable advance in the heat treatment of metal articles.

vThe device of my invention is capable of producing all of these desirable results in a most efficient and economical manner and comprises in a general way a rotary furnace, electrically heated internally, the interior heat of the furnace being autonnitically controlled and the process of treatment being pieferably continuons? The accompanying drawings, illustratingr modified forms of the device of my invention and are given for the purpose of more clearly defining my invention, similar parts being designated by similar numerals.

. Figure 1 is a cross-section through the line 1-,1 of Figure 2. the dot-and-dash lines illustrating the position of the driving mechanism.

Figure 2 is al cross-section through the line 2-2 of Figure 1-showing-a portional end view of Figure 1. v

Figure 3 is a cross-section throughl the line 3-3 of Figure 1.

4 is a cross-section through thc line 4-4"of Figure 1. .A Figure 5 is a vertical cross-section ofa modified form of the device of my invention.

The particular form of the device of my 05 invention, shownin Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings, comprises a bed 10 carrying' the supports Il, 11, within the bearings 12, 12 of which is the revoluble shaft 13.' .Fixedly attached to theshaft 13 70.

`is thc'toothed worm: wheel 14 and the fric-V tional flanged bearing wheel 15. The worm wheel 1.4 meshes'withi'the worm 16, carried by the bearings 17, 17, the shaft 18 of the worm 16 being connected with a source of 75 rerolnble power. not shown.

Each of Athe other three corner portions of the bed 10 carries brackets 19. 19 having bearings 20, 2O in. which is a shaft'Zl carrying a freely revoluble flanged idler 22.

The

legs

23, 23 carry

tlie pillow blocks

24, 24 which support the non-revolublc tubular member 25. A hopper 26 opens into thetubnlar member 25 and a pipe 27,'connected with a source of suitable gas supply, notfg shown, passes through a portion o'f the tubu-v hr member v2.5 and is then bent downwardly within the furnace. i

The een ra'l portion of the tubular member 25 passes t irough and carries a pluralit)- of 90 wirt` carriers '28. 28, composed preferably of heat refractory. electric insulating and heat insulating material, the carriers being maintained in position by a series of supporting

rods

29, 29. The wire carriers 28, 95 2S have a plurality of extended arms 30` 30 to which a wire may be attached by any suitable means.

Revoluble around the .tubular member 25 is a container composed of the annular front end 31. Fixedly attached to the end 31 by means of bolts 32. 32 is the flat ring 33. 'ithin the interior opening of the ring member 33 is the cylindrical furnace side 34. The ,other end of the device comprises the

annular members

50, 37 fixedly attached to tthe tubular member 25 which passes through the opening 38 by the member 37.

An arm of the annular member 39 is inserted within an annular recess within a re- 11 cess within'the member 35, the other right hfrled annular arm of the member 39 being bolted at 40 to the flat rino' member 41. The other extremity ofthe supported bythe opening within the'ring 'meinber 41.. 'A

fi"-- li`.ixedlv attached to the interior .face of the revo uble furnace side is a helixshaped member 42 having a central opening to allow of its being spaced from the

wire carriers

28, 28. I

An opening 43 isformed within the lower portion of the end member 36 and the sides thereof extendedinto the tubular member 44, the lower extremity of which is-below the surface of the oil or other quenching material 45 in the container 46.

The electric heating,- or resistant, wire 47 is wound around the wire carrier arms 30, and extends outwardly through the tubular member 25 and is connected with any suitable means for the supply of electrical current, this end of the tube 25 being closed. A pyrometer 48 is introduced into the tube 44 and a pyrometer 49 is inserted within the working chamber and the latter. may be connected vto any suitable thermostatic device for the control of a uniform temperature.

The following method is employed` in order to prevent, or reduce, the loss by heat radiation f The chamber formed within the members` 35,- 50, 37 is packed with a non-conductor of heat. An annular chamber is l formed at the other end of the furnace by means of the plates 51, 52 and 53 and filled with a nou-'conductor of heat.

annular plate 54 is fixedly attached to the plate 33, an annular plate 55 is' fixedly attached; to the plate 41 and a telescopicf annular plate `56 is horizontally slidable within the

plates

54 and 55 and the chamfr thus formed is filled. with a nop-conducof heat. This formation allows of horital movementdue to heat expansion.

n annular plateV 57 is attached to the lates 41 and 39 and the chamber thus ormed is filled with a non-conductor `of heat.

The wire carrier nearest the forward end of the furnace and-through which the pipe 27 passes is somewhat different in construction from the others in that it has opening 58 (Figure 4) extending downwardly from the central opening in order to allow of the passage of the pipe 27 and for the introduction of articles to be heated.

The

end members

33 and 41 of the furnace bndy'rest upon the frictional wheel -15 and the idlers 22. 22; 22 so that the revolution of the frctional wheel 15 will revolve the furnace hody with its atta hed parts.

The operation of the evice as described is as follows Revoluble movement is imparted to the furnace side' v25 is' l passa .under props;

shaft18,the worm 16, the gear wheel 14, the shaft 13 and the frictional wheel 15, which thus revolves the furnace with its non-conductin covering and attached helix 42, aroun the tubular member 25 and the wire carriers 28,'28. An electric current is then assed through the resistant wire 47 heatmg the interior of the furnace to any desired temperature. The objects to be heated, as, for instance, bearing balls 60, 60 are introduced through the ho per 26 and the tubular member 25 from which they drop into thefurnace, their passa-ge through the tubular member 25 beyond the point of introductionV into the furnacebeing prevented by the bale plate 59. The helix 42, during its revolution, carries the balls 60, 60 along the lower.portion of the furnace, heating them v to any desired temperature and time of treatment dependent upon the temperature of the furnace andthe time required for therethrough, the latter being control '.by the length of the furnace and the rate of revolution of the helix. The heated balls pass through the opening 43 and the exit ipe '44 into the oil 45, where they are caug t by the foraminous basket 61,

`which can be removed when desired.

It is. to be noted that during the heating operation the furnace space, its side wall andthe objects therein are subjected to the full effects of the-heated wire and any cooling effect, caused to the lower portion of the furnace wall due to heat absorption by the objects, will' becounteracted' during t e remainder-.of the revolution of the fur- Any heating effect, which will'he small l conditions, caused by the tu-l bular mem r 25 will act as a preheater for the introduced objects.

The air in the furnaceA may be partiallyt or completely, removed by the vapors arising from the oil 45,l due to the introduction of the heated objects, the fumes arising throughthe pipe 44 into the furnace, thus driving the air outwardly through the tubular member 25.

My device is also admir'ably adapted for carbonizing processes, in which case a suitablel carbonaceous gas may be introduced through the pipe 27, or a' suitable carbonizing compound may be introduced into the' furnace, the heat of which will cause an evolution of the carbonceous gas. A

VThe form of my device, described above,

is suitable for the heating of small objects moved within the furnace by means of the described helix, bui d modification is de.

4described.articles is shown in Figure 5 in similar to t which the eneral form of the furnace is at previously described, except that the helix .42,.is removed, a hinged door is -introduced'at one end .of the furnace for pur oses lof introducing the articles and a hinged door 71 is introduced at the other end of the furnace for purposes of withdrawal of the -articles after' the heating treatment and the end' 35, 36, 3f? 'is re vlaced by the annual end 72.I Pro r insu ating devices may be employed as esired, similar to those shown in the prior res.

It is evident that means ot er than the -disclosed helix may be emplo ed for producing a movement of the articles through the furnace. Y The degree of applied heat and the duration ofthe treatment naturally depend upon the objects treated and the results desired and my device is of such construction -that it can be readily adapted to any desiredl process of operation and maintained under uniform conditions during the treatment of any desired number of articles.

By electric wire as used in-my s ification and clamsI mean any wire, ri bon or other electrical construct'io' means, having electric resistance under 'the conditions of employment to produce? the desired heat.

My device, therefore,presents many novel and valuable features@ for the heat treatment of small metallic articles and parts.

I do not limit myself to the particular size, shape, number, arrangement or material of parts, as shown and described, as they are given' sim ly 'as an example for the clearer explanation of the device of my invention. l

What I claim isgfy 1. In an internally electrically heated rotary furnace, in combination, a revoluble furnace having an opening for the introduction of material and an opening for the removal of said material, means for'revolving the furnace, wire carrying means within the furnace and a wire -carriedthereon and extended outwardl of the furnace.

2. In an internally e ectrically heated rotary furnace, in combination, -a revoluble furnace having au opening for the intro-` duction of material and an opening for the removal of said material, means for revolving the furnace, stationary wire carrying means within thefurnace and av wire cui-, outwardly of the ried thereon and extended furnace. l

3. In an internally electrically heated rb-z tary furnace, in combinationga revoluble furnace having an opening for the introduction of material and an opening for the removal of said material, means for revolving the furnace, wire carrying means witliin the furnace, a Wire carried thereon and extended outwardly of the fumace and means within the furnace whereby material introduced into lthe furnace through one opening will be conveyed to the other opening.

4r- In an internally electrically heated roi tary furnace, in combination, a revoluble furnace having an opening. for the introduction of material and an opening for the removal of said material, means for revolving the furnace, wire cari'yin means withinthe furnace, a wire .carried thereon and extended outwardly of the furnace and means within the furnacewliere'b'y the revolution of the furnace will cause material introducedA throu h the opening to bedelivercd through' t e other opening. .l 5.' In an internally electrically heated 'ro1- tary funace, in combination a revoluble furnace having an `opening for the' introf. duct-ion of material and anl opening for the reinovalof said material, `-means for revolv-v ing the furnace, Wire carryin me'a'ns within the furnace, awire carried t ereon anden-h tended outwardly of the furnace and a helix y shaped member within the furnace' and carried thereby capable of conveying material from one end of the furnace to the other during the revolution of the furnace.

6. In an internally electrically heated rtary furnace, in c mbination',.al stationary shaft, a furnace revoluble around theshaft, means fornrevolving the furnace, means .for introducing material into the-furnace, means for the `removal of material from the vfui"- nace, wire carriers within the furnace and spaced from theside thereof, a wire carried thereby and extendingoutwardly ofthe furnace and means withinthefurnace'for the removal of introduced material during the 'revolution ofthe furnace. a

7. In an internally electrically heated rotary furnace, in' combination, a stationary shaft, a furnace'revoluble' around the shaft,

means for revolving the furnace, means for introducing material into the furnace, means within the furnace for removin ma# terial fromthe furnace, a plurality o elec-v `tric insulators capable of maintaining a wire and a wire carried thereby and extending outwardly-of vthe furnace..

A 8. In'an internall electrically heated ron tary furnace, in com linatioii, a hollow shaft, a furnace 'revoluble around the shaft, means. for revolving the' furnace, means external of the 4furnace for introducing material t'hrofuglif-the-shaft into the furnace, openigfineans for Vallowing the removal of ma-I terial f rom:thefi irnace, electric insulators carried! by the shaftand capable of main-- tainingfawire and an electric wire carried thereby.- and. extending outwardly through the shaft. Y

s. 9;In van internall electrically heated ro.- tary furnace, in com ination, a hollow shaft, a furnace revoluble'around the shaft, means for revolvingv the furnace, means external of Imi 'tar'ygfurnaca in combination@ honowehaft,

a furnace revoluble around the;sha'ft,means for revolving the furnace, means external. of the furnace. for introducing -materiial through the shaft into the"furnace,opening means for' allowing the removal of material from theV furnace, electric 'insulators carried by the shaft and capable of maintaining a wire, an electric wire carried tliereb.

and extending outwardly throughthe sha and means whereby the revolution of the* furnace will cause material ,intr throu h theopening to be deliveredt ough the eter opening. v if" 11. In arr internally electrically heated rotary furnace, in combination, a hollow shaft,

a furnace ,revoluble around the shaft, means for revolving the furnace, means' external of the furnace for introducing material c through vthe shaft finto the furnace, lopening means for allowing the removal of ma#V terial from the furnace, electricjinsulators carried by the shaft and Acapable of maintaini a wire, an electric Wirecarried there# by an extending outwardly through the shaft; and a helix sha. ed member within' the furnace and carri' Ythereby capable ofv conveying material from one end of the furnace to the other during the revolution of the furnace. 4

12. -,In anjinternally electrically heated rotary furnace, in combination, a revoluble furnace having an opening for the introduc'ftion of material and an openingfor the-removal of said material, means for revolving the furnace, means for introducing a.

u ing outwardly through the'shaft.;

Y into the furnace during its'revolution, wire' carrying' means within vthe furnace and a. wire carried thereon and extended outwardly of the furnace.

13. vIn an internally electrically heated rotary furnace, in combination, a' hollow shaft, a furnace revoluble around the shaft,A means for revolving the furnace, means external of the furnace for introducing material through 'the shaft into the furnace, opening means for allowingthe removal of material from the furnace, means for in: troducing a gas intothe furnaceduring its. revolution, electric insulators carried by the shaft and capable of maintaining a wire and electric wire carried thereby and extend- 14. In an internally. electrically .opening rotary'v furnace, in combination, a hollow shaft, a furnace revolublearigund the shaft, means for revolving the furnace, means external of thefurnace for i-,r-rtroducin material through the shaft the irnace, opening means for allowing the removal of material from the furnace", means for introducing a gas into the furnace durin `its revolution, `electric insulatorsv carrie by -the shaftand capable .fof maintaining a wire, 'an electric wire carried thereby and extending outwardly through the shaft and means within the furnace whereby material introduced; into the furnace through the opening will be conveyedto the other open- 15. Inlan internally electrically heated rotary furnace, in combination, a stationary' pensating means forthe longitudinal expansion of the furnace due to the heating thereinf, wire carriers within the furnace and 'spaced from the side thereof, a wire carried thereby and extending outwardly of the furnace' and meanswithin the furnace for the removal of intoduced material during the revolution ofthe furnace..l

-16. In an internally electrically heated rotary furnace; combination,l aholl iw Shaft, a furxiarevoluble around the shaft, means for' revolving the `furnace, means exnalof theffurlace for introducing material through-Stile into theI furnace, opening means' for allowngfthefremoval of material 'from the rnace, com ensating lmeans for the longitu inal expansion of the furnace d ue to the heating there0f. elec'trc insulators carriedby the shaft"V andfcapahie of maintaining a wire and-auf electric wire carriedthereby and extending 'outwardly throughtheshaft. f

.717. 'In linternally -felectricallyheated v rotary ."furnace, .in combination, a hollow shaft, furnacerevoluble around the shaft, means for revolving the furnace, means external' of the ;.fo'r introducing mate rial through the"=shaft"i`nto the furnace,

opening means ifo'r allowing the removal of material Ifrom the` furnace, compensating meansfor the longitudinal expansion of the furnace due -tofthe Heating thereof, electric insulators ca rrielf'ay'the shaft and capable of maintaining afwi'reL'an electric wire carried tllereliyf andH extending outwardly t'hrqughtheshaftand means whereby material'introducedi'lito the furnace through one willbe conveyed to the other open rotary Cfurnace. Ain. jcomhinatiomfa hollow4 fternaljfof ,the furnacefor jintroducing maglie-4 Lacasse ,rialA through the shaft into the furnace,

v insulators carried bythe shaft-and capable of maintaining a wire, an electric wire car- -ried thereby and extending outwardly through the'shaft and means whereby the' introducedthrough one openin livered -tlirough the other ope g 'rotary Afurnace, in combination, a revolubleduciu material into the furnace having an opening for the introfallow revolution of Vthe furnace will cause material to be demng.

. I9. In aninternally electrically heated duction of -material and an opening for the removal of saidmaterial, means for revolvfurnace, means external of the furnace for Introducing materialthrough the shaftinto -ingthe furnace, wire carryin means within the furnace, a 'wire carried t ereonand extended outwardly of the furnace and an external covering of heat insulating material carried by the furnace.

20." In an internally electricallyheated' rotary' furnace, in combination, a hollow a furnace revoluble around stationary sha the hollow sha means for revolving the the-furnace," means for allowing the removal electric insulators carried by the shaft and spaced from the -side ofthefurnace'a wire wound\ around the insulators and carried thereby, `the extremities of'the wire extending outwardly ofthe furnace andan'extern'al covering of-'heat insulating material carried by the furnace'.

2]'. In an internally' electrically heated rotary furnace, Ain combination,` a hollow stationary shaft,` a furnace revoluble aro`und the hollow shaft, means for revolving the' furnace, means external of the furnace for introducing material through the shaft into th(` furnace, means for allowing the removal of material from the furnace, means where- -hy material introduced into the furnace at one end will be conveyed to the other end a plurality of electric insulators carried by the shaft and spaced from the side of the furnace, a wire woundaround the insulators and carried thereby, the extremities of'th'e wire extending outwardly of the furnace and an external covering of heat insulating material carried by the furnace. e

22. In an internally electrically heated rotary furnace, in combination, l a hollowtricallynheating the of material from the furnace, a plurality of' 25.

acca-'ie assumes carried by the shaft 'and spaced from the side ofthe furnace, a wire wound around the insulators and carried thereby. the extremities of the wire extendfurnace. chamber therewitlf, means for revolving the side memberh'lmeaus for of -theremovalof .a `.'inaterial from within e furnace and means internal 'ofthe furnace for electrically heat' the same.-

electrically heated rnace, means fon-'5 24.111 an internally lelectrically heated-- .rotary furnace, in combinatie two station-"1 revoluble-f between theend'members and forming .a

ary en d members, aside mem furn'be chamber therewith, means for revolving the side member, means .for-"lintroducing 'material into the furnace, revoluble means forremoving material vfrom within the furnace, means for 'allowing ofthe removal of .a-material from within the furnace and means internal of the furnace forleleca'n internall felectrically heated rotaryffurnace, in com ination two stationary end member's,`a side member .revoluble between theend members and forming'a furing the side -member, means for introducing material into the furnace, means whereb -nace chambertherewith, means for revolv the revolution of the side :member w' l'.

causernaterial to beconveyed'from one end of the -furnace to the other, means for allowing of the removal of amaterial from with? ing the furnace\ .and .means internal ofthe furnace for electrically-heating the sa'me.

` 26,1@ an internally electrically heated rotaryv furnace, in combination two stationary end members, a side member revoluble between the end members and forming a furnace -chamber therewith, means for revolving the side member, means for introducin fmaterial into'the furnace, a helix shape ried thereby capable of conveying material from one end of. the /lrnace to the other during the revolution of the furnace and' means internal of the furnace for elecrcallv heating` the same.

27. In an' internally' electrically heated rotary furnace, in combination, a stationary hollow shaft, two stationary end members, a side member revoluble between the cnd vmembers and forming a furnace chammember within the furnace and carlas ber therewith, means for revolvgiug the side member, means external of the rnace for introducing material through the shaft and into the furnace` means for.allowing' the removal of material from the furnace, elecmember, means externalof the fric insumos within the furnace spad from the side member. and an electric wire carried by the insulators and extending out- 4wardlyof the furnace. Y Y

Y introducing material through the shaft and vinto the furnace,'m'ea'ns or allowing the removal of material from `the furnace, elec other ope tric insulators within thefurnace spaced'. from the side member, an electric wire car- Y.

ried by the insulators and extendi outwardl of the furnace and means wereby introduced intol the furnace.

material through lone opening will be conveyed'to the umg. y

29.'In an internall rotary hollow shaft, two stationary end members,

a side member revoluble between the-end; members andforming a furnace 'chamber therewith, .means for revolving l the side member, means external of the urace -for introducing material through the shaft and into the furnace, means for allowingv the renieyal of material from the furnace, elecfrom the sidgmember, an electric wire car Y a side membergrevolublebetveen the end ried by the .insulators and extendin out- `wa'rdly of tli*V furnace andnieans w ereby, the' revolution of the sidemember will cause material introduced through the openng`to .befdelivcred through the delive end.

30. In an internally electrica ly, -heated rotary furnace, in combination two stationary end members, a side member revoluvble between the end members and'forming a furnace chamber therewith, means for re vvolving the sidel member, means for introducing material ii'itothel furnaeemeans.for

allowing of the removal of a material-from 'I 'within the furnace, means internal offtlie furnace .for electrically heating` ,.tne "same and 'an external coveringfof heat'insulating material carried bythe evice. l, Y 31 In an internally'. electrically; heated 'rotary furnace, in combination, two s ta the y side.

electrically heated furnace, in com ination, a stationary tion .ofthe sideA member will cause 4material Y to-be 4conveyed from one end of the furnace to the oth introduci4 material throu h the' shaft the furnace tothe other therethrough.,` e

- of 4th,.day of Octbber, 1922.

tionar'y end members, aside member revoluble between .the end members and forining a furnace chamber'` therewith, means for 66' .revolving theside member, means -for introducing material'into the Vfurnace, means whereby the revolution of the side member will .cause material f to beconveyed from;

one end of the furnaceto the other, means 60 for allowing' of the removal of a, material from withinA the furnace, means internal 0i 'the furnace for electrically heating thev intrdwingmariai through the-shaft ,md 'into the furnace# means'fd'r. allowing the removal of material the furnace', electric 76 insulators within .thefi'irnace spaced from' the, side `ine`inbci","an electric wire carried by the insulators .and-extending 'outwardlyof' the furnace and means whereby the revolu- 33.11- an 'neftali "eitceiauy haan rotary furnace, in com ination, a stationary hollow shafigitwo1 stationary j'eiid members;

membersl and forming a' fuce chamber therewith, means for revolvin the sidev member, -means external, of the urnace 'for into the ace, means or lallowing the removal: of material fromthe furnace, elec -tric A' insulators within thev furnace spaced from theside member, an electric'wire carried -byhe insulators andextendng outos wardly. o the furnace,.and means whereby the revolution ofthe sidemember will-cause materialto be .conveyed from one end of end and delivery l i 10o Slignedat New York. city, in the county ew York ancLState' of New York, this -EDWIN L WILLSON.