US1536433A

US1536433A - Pipe-perforating machine

Info

Publication number: US1536433A
Authority: US
Inventors: Hartman William Walter
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1923-03-31
Filing date: 1923-03-31
Publication date: 1925-05-05
Anticipated expiration: 1942-05-05

Description

May 5, 1925. 1,536,433

W. W. HARTMAN v PIPE PERFORATING MACHINE Fi led March 31, 1925' 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 May 5, 1925. 1,536,433

' W. W. HARTMAN PIPE PERFORATING MACHINE Filed March 51, 1923 '4 Sh'eet'svSheec 4- 25. [or/26y.

Patented May 5, 1925.

UNITED STATES WILLIAM WALTER HARTMAN, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

PIPE-PERFORATING MACHINE.

Application filed Il /[arch 31, 1923. serial No. 623,206.

To (All whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WiLLIAM ainan HARTMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Pipe-Perforating Machines, of which the following isa detailed specification.

This invention has to do with devices for forming openings in a well pipe, such as to form what is known as well screen. As will be readily understood from the following description, the mechanism of my invention may be used for forming openings in any tubular member; but, as the most prevalent use of such perforated tubular members is for well screen, I will describe the operation of my mechanism with that final product in view.

l-leretofore well screen has been made in a variety of manners; one of which is perforation of the well pipe. Such perforations or openings directly in the pipe have been made in a variety of manners; typical among which is punching from either the inside or the outside.

My invention provides an automatic machine for cutting perforations from the inside of the pipe. Such perforations, in the form of slots, have heretofore been cut from the outside of the pipe; but my machine provides a means for cutting such perforations or slots from the inside of the pipe. The machine is also automatic in its operation to properly space the perforations and to get them into any general arrangement or pattern that is desired.

All of these features and many others will be best understood from the following detailed specification wherein I explain a preferred and specific form of mechanism that embodies and is illustrative of m y invention,

reference for this purpose being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a plan of the machine; Fig. 2 a side elevation with parts in longitudinal section; F ig. 3 is an enlarged vertical longi tudinal section of the head end of the machine; Fig. 4 is a similar view of the tail end of the machine, showing the parts in position corresponding to the position shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a cross section and end elevation on line 55 of F 'ig. 4; Fig. 6' is a longitudinal section of the head end of the machine, showing the parts in positions other than shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 7 is a similar view of the tail end of the machine showing the parts in position corresponding to that of Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a cross section on line 8 8 of Fig. i; Fig. 9 is a head end View; Fig. 10 is an enlarged detailed section on line; 101O of Fig. 3, showing the cutter in its operative cutting position; Fi 11 is a similar view showing the cutter inoperative; Fig. 12 is a view, similar to that of Fig. 9, showing a modified gear train;

and Fig. 13 is an elevation of a pipe cut by my machine, modified as in Fig. 12.

In the drawings I show a suitable base frame 10 that has two parallel longitudinal ways 11 much like a lathe bed; and on these ways two

carriages

12 and 13 are adapted to move. These carriages may be moved by hand, by the hand wheels 14; or they may be moved, during the operation of the mechanism, by the action of a lead screw 15 on which split nuts 16 of the two carriages may be closed by the operation of handle 17. Means are also provided of any of the ordinary known kinds, operated by a handle 18, to set either of the carriages immovable on the ways.

At the head end of the machine a drum 20 is carried in bearings 21, this drum being large enough interiorly and long enough to receive the cutter head 22 when that head is run through the pipe P and run out beyond its end that appears at the left in the drawings. The end of drum 20 carries a face plate 2.4.- into which the end of pipe P may be screwed, and this end of the drum also carries a driving gear 25 that meshes with driv- 'ing pinion 26 on the main drive shaft 27. The other end of the pipe (the right hand end as shown in the drawings) has its collar 28 held in a face plate 29 mounted on a sleeve 30 rotatable in bearing 31; and the sleeve 30 has a driving gear 32 that meshes with an other driving pinion 26 on main drive shaft 27. By this arrangement both ends of the pipe P are supported and rotatively positive ly driven from the main drive shaft. The bearing 31 is mounted on a carriage 33 that is slidable on ways 11 so that pipes of different lengths may be accommodated in the machine.

Lead screw 15 is driven at the head end of the machine through gears 35 from a gear on main drive shaft 27.

Cutter head 22 is preferably cylindrical and of a diameter that fits within the pipe P, cutter heads of different diameters being col provided for the various diameters of pipe that may be machined. The cutter head 22 is slidable longitudinally through the pipe P; the head being at a position such as is illustrated in Fig. 1 when the operations begin, and being fed toward the left, through the pipe and then on into drum 20, as the machining operations progress. The cutter head is mounted on the end of a tube 40 whose tail end is held rigidly in the upper boss 13 of carriage 13, the cutter head being thus held against rotation and being longitudinally movable with carriage 13. A gear shatt l1 extends through tube 40, this shaft being mounted at its tail end in a bearing 42 of carriage 12, rotatable but immovable longitudinally relative to the carriage; so that although shaft ll may be rotated it is moved longitudinally with carriage 12. At its head end this shaft ll carries a long pinion L3 that can rotate and also move relatively longitudinally in the longitudinal bore 4 1- of cutter head 22. Gear shaft 41 may be supported at tube 10 by bearings 45 at suitable points.

Gear shaft ll has in it a longitudinal spline 4G engaged by sliding arm 18; and shatt ell is oscillated by the action of arm 48 operated by cam 49 which is driven by

gears

50 and 51 from main drive shaft 27. Gear 51 may preferably be loose on the drive shaft and rotatably connectible thereto by the clutch 52 operated by handle 53, the clutch member 52 being splined to drive shaft 27 so that gear 51 and its driving clutch 52 may move longitudinally along shai't 27 as carriage 13 moves longitudinally of the frame.

The action of cam a9 is to oscillate gear shaft 11 through a small arc and thereby rotate the long pinion 18 back and "forth through a small arc. The cutter head 22 has in it a number of transverse bores these bores being chordal rather than diametral of cutter head 22 and each bore adapted to carry a tool carrier 56 slidable longitudinally of the bore and having rack teeth 57 adapted to engage the teeth oi the long pinion 13. Each carrier 56 carries a cutting tool 58 set and held in proper position by a set screw 59, for instance; and by the oscillation of gear 43 these several, tool carriers with their tools are adapted to be moved between such positions as shown in Fig. 11 and Fig. 10. The amount of longitundinal movement of each tool carrier is sulticient to advance a tool outwardly a distance somewhat more than the thickness of the pipe being machined; and the depth to which each tool cuts out into the wall of the pipe is regulated by properly setting tools 58. For instance, in Fig. 11 I show the tool 58 set so that. when carrier 56 is moved out to the position shown in Fig. 10, the tool will cut to a depth only slightly outwardly into the pipe wall; while in Fig. 10 I show a tool set far enough outwardly .in the carrier to cut to a depth clear through the pipe wall. The position of the tool shown in Fig. 11 is characteristic of the tool at the left hand end of the cutter bar (in the aspect shown in the longitudinal sections) while the position of the tool shown in Fig. 10 is characteristic of the cutter at the right hand end of the cutter bar. And the tools in the carriers intermediate the two end ones are graduated in position between these two extremes. In other words, the tool at the head end of the cutter bar only moves out far enough to cut to a small depth outwardly into the wall of the pipe; while each successive tool toward the tail end of the cutter path is set a little further outwardly so that each successive tool takes a deeper out; until the last tool cuts clear through the pipe wall.

In the particular arrangen'ient herein shown, and for purposes that will be understood from what I say hereinafter, the several tool carrying bores in cutter head 22 are not arranged in the same plane but are angularly shifted with relation to each other so that the ends of bores, where they come to the peripheral surface of cutter head 22 are arranged on a spiral line. This spiral arrangement is for the purpose of cutting the openings in the pipe in spiral rows, as will be readily understood. In Figs. 10 and 11 I show in dotted lines at the relative position of the next bore, with relation to the bore that is shown in section in that figure; and each succeeding bore then bears the same relative relation to the next bore.

In the operation of this mechanism the cutter head 22 and gear 13 are packed toward the tail end of the machine. the cutter head occupying a position somewhat to the right of that shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and the gear 43 being drawn back within the cutter head. lVhen the parts are in this position the pipe P may be readily placed in the ma chine ready for operation. Then power is applied to the machine to rotate the pipe, the lead screw 15 being simultaneously rotated. The carriage 12 is then, connected with the lead screw to teed the tool operating gear 43 up to the relative position shown in Fig. 3. The cutter head 22 may have a guide sleeve 22 to give a bearing support to gear 43 when in this relative position. Or. instead of running the carriage 12 up by operation of lead screw it may be run up to position by hand; but in any case the carriage 12 is then locked to the Frame so that tool operating gear 13 will remain in the position shown in Fig. 3 until the cutter head 22 has moved up to such a. position that the gear 41-3 is entirely within the cutter head and is engaged on the tool carriers. lVhen gear 43 has been moved up to the position shown in Fig. 3, the cutter head has still remained in its position to the right, with its head end outside the end of the pipe. The car riage 13 is then connected to lead screw 15 and the head begins to feed toward the left or toward the head end of the machine. As soon as the first tool carrier moves far enough to the left to engage the end of gear 43, then this gear begins, by its intermittent oscillatory movement, to intermittently move that tool carrier out into cutting engagement with the pipe wall; but owing to the position in which gear 43 is placed at the commencement of the operation, this actuation of the tool does not commence until the tool has passed to the left to a position beyond the pipe collar and the threads 011 the pipe. Thus, no cuts are made in the pipe at the threaded part. Then, as the cutter head moves further to the left, the successive tool carriers come into operative engagement with gear 43, until, finally all of the tool carriers are in engagement with gear 43 and all the tool carriers are being actuated by that gear. Then, carriage 12 is connected to the lead screw, so that then the cutter head 22 and gear 4-3 will advance together through the pipe. The pipe is constantly rotated; and the cam. action at 49 is intermittently throwing all. the tool carriers and tools out to cutting position. The tools therefore all cut at once; but each tool only takes a light cut, by reason of the settings of the tool heretofore described. Due to the fact that the pipe is constantly rotating and the cutter head is constantly advancing, each tool makes a cut on a spiral line. The ratio of pipe rotation to forward feed is in this present machine, so arranged that each tool follows in the same relative spiral line of travel. In, other words, the arrangement here is similar to what the arrangement would be if an ordinary single spiral thread were being cut with a plurality of tools. one following the other. However, it will be easily understood that by proper proportion between the rotation of the pipe and the spacing of the tools and the advancing feed, the arrangement can be made similar to that in which a double spiral thread is being cut by a plurality of tools or plurality of sets of tools. Furthermore, in the particular arrangement I show here, the cam action at 49 is so timed with main shaft 27 (by proper ratio of gears 50 and 51) that the outward actuation of the tool carriers takes place, not at angular intervals that are exactly divisible into 360, but at intervals that will give what may be defined as an advance of perforations in successive spiral steps. For instance, the ratios may be designed so that the tools are moved outwardly at intervals of say 92 rotation of the pipe. This, of course, means that every fourth cut in the pipe will not be in axial alignn'ient, but that each fourth cut will. be

advanced ahead of the fourth preceding cut by an angle of 8; and thus the individual cuts in the pipe will not only extend spirally (each individual out having a spiral extent), but the rows of cuts, instead of being straight along the length of the pipe, will also lie in a line that is a long spiral around the pipe. This is also the reason for the placement of the tool carriers at an angle to each other, as hereinbefore explained; be cause the tools are all working simultaneously. And therefore, in such an arrangement as here stated, the angle between adjacent tool carriers will also be an angle of 8. It will be readily seen that by varying this angle between tool carriers and correspond ingly varying the ratio of the gears at 50- 51, the pitch of the spiral row of cuts may be varied as desired. In fact, by pro-per arrangement the rows of cuts may be made to stand in lines axial of the pipe.

The operation as described goes on until the head end of tool actuating gear 43 reaches a point near the head end of pipe P (a position such as illustrated in Fig. 6). Then carriage 1:2 is again locked to the frame to hold gear 43 stationary while the cutter head moves on toward the position shown in. Fig. 6. As the tool carriers pass the head end of gear 43 they are no longer moved outwardly, and therefore the cuts through the pipe may be stopped at any desired place in the pipe, as for instance, just at the end of the threaded end portion of the pipe. The cutter head moves on then until the last tool has taken its last cut. Then the out ter head and gear 43 are run back to their original positions and the pipe removed.

In the mechanism I have described each individual cut through the pipe wall extends spirally. By slight modification I may vary the machine to make each cut extend directly around the pipe. The spiral direction of the cuts is due to the constant forward feeding of the cutter head; but by making gear 36 a mutilated gear or partially mutilated, as illustrated in Fig. 12, I may produce such a disposition of the cuts as is illustrated in F 13. For instance, gear 36 may slide longitudinally on main drive shaft 27 and may have a portion 36 with no teeth; so that during a certain portion of rotation of pipe P the cutter head will not be advanced this period of rest of the cutter head being arranged to coincide with the period during which the tools are at their outer cutting positions. Then the toothed part 36 of gear 36 would rotate the lead screw suiiiciently to bring the cutter head forward a distance equal to the distance between successive sets of cutters. For convenience, the gear 36 may have only a part of its face mutilated, having continuous teeth on the other part of its face, as illustrated at 36 Fig. 12, so that the lead screw may be driven continuously if desired.

Having described a preferred form ofmy invention, I claim:

1. In a machine for operating internally upon a pipe or the like, means to support the pipe, a cutter head and means to advance the head within the pipe, a cutter movable in said head, means movable independently of the cutter head and adapted to: move the cutter with reference to said head, and means to establish relative rotary cutting movement between the pipe and the cutter head.

2. In a machine for operating internally upon a pipe or the like, means to support the pipe, a cutter head and means to advance the head within the pipe, a cutter movable in said head, means movable independently of the cutter head and adapted to move the cutter with reference to said head, and means to establish relative rotation on the axis of the pipe between the pipe and the cutter head.

3. In a machine for operating internally upon a pipe or the like, means to support the pipe, a cutter head and means to advance the head within the pipe, a cutter movable in said head, means movable independently of the cutter head and adapted to move the cutter with reference to said head, mechanism to actuate said last mentioned means intermittently in timed relation to relative rotary movement between the pipe and the cutter head, and means to establish relative rotary movementbetween the pipe and the cutter head on the axis of the pipe.

l. In a machine for operating internally upon a pipeor the like, a bed frame, means for rotatably supporting the pipe on the frame and driving means to rotate the pipe; a carriage slidably mounted on the bed frame and carrying a cutter head adapted to be moved lengthwise inside the pipe; a cutter in said head and movable therein to be projected out into cutting engagement with the wall of the pipe, a longitudinally movable member, movable independently of the cutter head and adapted to lie within the cutter head, another carriage to which said last mentioned member is connected having longitudinal movement, said last mentioned member cooperating with the cutter to move it in the cutter head, and mechanism to actuate said last mentioned member.

5. In a machine for operating internally upon a pipe or the like, a bed frame, means for rotatably supporting the pipe on the frame and driving means to rotate the pipe; a carriage slidably mounted on the bed frame and carrying a cutter head adapted to be moved lengthwise inside the pipe, a cutter in said head and movable therein to be projected out into cutting engagement with the wall of the pipe, a longitudinal shaft on which said member is mounted, said shaft extending through said cutter head, another carriage to which said shaft is connected for'longitudinal movement, and cam mechanism driven in timed relation with the pipe drive and oscillating the said shaft to cause said member to move the cutter.

6..In a machine for operating internally upon a pipe or the like, a bed frame, means thereon for rotatably supporting a pipe in longitudinal position, and means to rotate the pipe; a carriage movable on the bed frame, a tube attached to and extending longitudinally from said carriage, a cutter head on the end of said tube, and adapted to be moved longitudinally within the pipe, a cutter in the cutter head and movable transversely thereof to be projected out into cutting engagement with the wall of the pipe, a gear adapted to lie within the cutter head and adapted by oscillatory movement to move the cutter in and out, a gear shaft extending through said tube and beyond its end, another carriage to which the end of the gear shaft is connected for longitudinal movement, said carriages and said gear and cutter head being longitudinally movable independently of each other so as to move said gear into and out of operative relation to the cutter in the cutter head, and means to oscillate said gear shaft.

7. In a machine for operating internally upon a pipe or the like, a bed frame, means thereon for rotatably supporting a pipe in longitudinal position, and means to rotate the pipe; a carriage movable on the bed frame, a tube attached to and extending longitudinally from said carriage, a cutter heat on the end of said tube, and adapted to be moved longitudinally within the pipe, a cutter in the cutter head and movable transversely thereof to be projected out into cutting engagement with the wall of the pipe, agear adapted to lie within the cutter head and adapted by oscillatory movement to move the cutter in and out, a gear shaft extending through said tube and beyond its end, another carriage to which the end of the gear shaft is connected for longitiulinal movement, said carriages and said gear and cutter head being longitudinally movable independently of each other so as to move said gear into and out of operative relation to the cutter head, and means to oscillate said gear shaft comprising a cam mechanism driven from the means that rotates the pipe.

8. In a device of the character specified in claim 1, further characterized by a plurality of cutters in the cutter head and by the means for actuating the cutters being engagea-ble with some or all of the cutters simultaneously.

9. In a device of the character described, means to support a pipe, an internal cutter head having a plurality of transverse ways. tool carriers movable in saidways, cutting tools carried by said carriers, means to give to the pipe and head a relative motion so that the several cutting tools follow each other in a single path on the pipe, the tools be ing set in said carriers at progressively increasing distances of projection, and means in the cutter head to project and retract the tool carriers.

10. In a device of the character described, means to support a pipe, an internal cutter head having a plurality of transverse Ways, tool carriers movable in said ways, cutting tools carried by said carriers, means to give to the pipe and head a relative motion so that the several cutting tools follow each other in a single path on the pipe, the tools being set in said carriers at progressively increasing distances of projection, and means in the cutter head to intermittently project and retract the tool carriers simultaneously and equally.

11. In a device of the character described, a cutter head having a plurality of trans verse ways, tool carriers movable in said ways, cutting tools carried by said carriers, the tools being set in said carriers at progressively increasing distances of projection and means in the cutter head to project and retract the tool carriers, each tool carrier having rack teeth, and said means embodying an oscillating gear engageable with some or all oi. said rack teeth.

12. In a device for internal operations on a pipe or the like, means for supporting the pipe, a tool head adapted for longitudinal movement within the pipe, a tool carried in the head and movable transversely thereof to be moved out into engagement with the pipe wall, means to actuate said tool in the head, said means being movable longitudinally independently of the head so as to move it and the tool into and out of operative connection with each other, and means to establish relative movement between the pipe and the tool head.

13. In a machine for operating internally on a pipe or the like, means to support the pipe, a tool head and means to move it longitudinally through the pipe, means to establish relative rotation between the pipe and tool head, a tool mounted in the head and n'iovable in and out, and mechanism to move said tool in such timed relation with the said relative rotation that the angular distance of rotation between successive movements of the tool is not an exact divisor of 360.

14:. In a device for internal operations on a pipe or the like, means to support the pipe, a tool head and means to move it longitudinally through the pipe, means to establish relative rotation between the pipe and tool head, a plurality of tools mounted in the head to move in and out in a direction transverse of the head, said tools being spaced apart a distance equal to the longitudinal travel of the head during one rotation of the pipe, means to intermittently move said tools outwardly simultaneously,

mechanism actuating said last mentioned means in timed relation to said rotation and at angular intervals that are divisors of an angle not 360; and said tools being mounted in said head so that the planes determined by the rotational axis and two acent tools make an angle with each other equal to the dili'erence between said last mentioned angle and 360.

15. In a machine for operating internally upon a pipe or the like, means to support the pipe, a cutter head and means to support said head inside the pipe, means to give the pipe and cutter head a relative move ment, a cutter movable in the head, and means to move said cutter intermittently in and out with reference to the head in timed relation to the relative movement between the pipe and head, so that during said relative movement the cutter intermittently engages the pipe at spaced points 16. In a machine for operating internally upon a pipe or the like, means to support the pipe, a cutter head and means to advance the head longitudinally within the pipe, a cutter mounted in the head and movable therein to be moved out into cutting engagement with the pipe, means associated with the cutter head engageable with the cutter and operative to move it out into engagement with the pipe, said means being disengageable from the cutter'by longitudinal movement relative to the head, and means whereby the head and cutter actuating means may be advanced together through the pipe or the head may be advanced independently.

In witness that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto subscribed my name this 20th day of March, 1923.

IVILLIAM WALTER HARTMAN.