US1535875A - Special planer - Google Patents

Description

April 28, 1925.

J. B. SUTTON SPECIAL PLANER Filed April 21, 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR 2 W mwfwa Mann April 28, 1925.

J. B. SUTTON SPECIAL PLANER 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 21. 1920 5 umw I NdE I INVENTOR April Z8, 1925.

J. B. SUTTON SPECIAL PLANER Filed April 21.}920

5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Apr. 28, 1925 PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN BLAIR SUTTON, 0F PITTSBURGH, ABRAMSEN ENGINEERING COMPANY,

PORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T-J SUTTON- OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A COR- SPEGIAL PLANER.

Application filed April 21, 1920. Serial No. 375,470.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN BLAIR SUTTON, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in a Special Planer, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a special planer particularly designed for eliminating seams and other surface flaws from billets, slabs, blooms, ingots, castings, and the like.

In the manufacture of steel and iron products, seams and other surface defects occur in profusion, and in scattered positions upon the faces of billets and other partly manufactured forms in which steel and iron are made up. If such seams and other surface defects are permitted to remain in the metal, they cause points of weakness in the finished material. It is, therefore, necessary that seams and other surface defects be removed either by a planing operation which removes a from the face of the material a slice equal in thickness to the depth of the deepest seam or other defect; or by a chipping operation which can be performed to so widen out the seam or other defect that it cannot be closed in to form a point of weakness during a subsequent working of the metal; This re moval of the seams and other defects has been performed either by the use of a mechanical planer or by the hand operation of a pneumatic hammer.

The first mentioned method is seldom employed, as it is necessary to run a cut of a planer from one extremity to the other of the billet or other work from which defects are to be removed; and because the depth of such cut must be uniform throughout its length, it being impossible to increase or decrease the depth to which the metal isfremoved during the continuance of a single cut. The fact that a planer cut cannot be started and finished at points where seams actually occur, results in a great loss-of sound material even where the faces of the billet or other work are true and regular. The fact that the depth of a cut cannot be increased or decreased at will during its continuance, causes a yet greater loss of material should there be one or more bends in the billet; since such bends cannot be folowed by the planer tool to remove only the requisite quantity of metal from points where seams occur.

The second method of removing seams and other defects, namely, hand chipping most important, disadvantage is that it is a delicate operation unsuited to the grade of workman willing to perform it. Thus in chipping or gou ing out seams, careless handling or lack o proper nicety in directing the tool of a pneumatic hammer may leave as many, or more, dangerous surface defects upon the work as were of natural occurrence in the material.

The-object of the present invention is to provide a machine which will quickly and accurately perform the operation of chipping or gouging seams and other surface defects from billets and the like, without any unnecessary loss of metal.

In order to effect this general object, the machine is so designed specifically, that a chipping or gouging tool may be inserted and removed at any point throughout the length of the billet; that such insertion and removal can be so performed as to leave no abrupt shoulders which may be closed in during a subsequent working of the metal; that the cutting means be quickly adjustable transversely of the work to remove seams occurring in various positions across the width thereof; that the cutting means be quickly and readily adjustable in a vertical direction, in order to bring it into and out of operative relation to the work and that the mounting be such as to permit such cutting means to follow any curvature which would normally occur in the billet or similar blank being operated upon.

A further object of the invention is to provide a machine having a tool, and tool adjusting and actuating means, so arranged in conjunction with a reciprocating table or platform, that the tool may be caused to perform work upon the blank carried by the table during movement of the table in both directions.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a machine having the advantages above enumerated, which is easy to operate and control and which responds instantaneously to the will of the operator.

In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine, portions thereof being broken away for additional clearness; Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the machine; Fig. 3 is a plan View thereof; Fig. 4 is a horizontal section through the shaft for actuating the chipping tool; Fig. 5 is a cross sectional detail through the tool operating shaft on theline 55, Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a view of the tool operating shaft partly in elevation and artly in central longitudinal section; Fig. is a section of a modified form of cutting head; Fig. 8 is a detail View illustrating the action of the chipping or gouging tool in making a short cut from a billet or the like; Fig. 9 is a similar view illustrating the action of the tool in making a long cut; Fig. 10 is a detail view illustrating the position of the tool while dragging backwardly over the face of a billet;

and Fig. 11 is an end elevation of means for presenting the various faces of a billet successively to the action of the cutting head and tool.

The machine comprises primarily areciprocable platform 1, mounted in a suitable table or standard 2 and engaging with rails 2 thereon; a cutting head 3 mounted in a housing 4; a variable speed motor 5 having connections for reciprocating the platform 1; and means for actuating the cutting head 3 and for adjusting its vertical and horizontal position relatively to the platform 1.

The connections for the reciprocation of platform 1 comprise a pinion 6 on the shaft of motor 5, and meshing with a large speed reducing gear 7 mounted on shaft 8 which is journaled in a skirt 9 on the table 2. Also journaled in the skirt 9 are shafts 10 and 11, which respectively carry the pinion 12 and the idler pinion 13, which latter meshes both with the pinion 12 and with apinion 14, which is mounted on shaft 8 concentric with the large gear 7. Shaft 10 carries a pinion 15 which meshes with the teeth of a rack 16 on the under side of platform 1. As motor 5 is a variable speed motor, any suitable electrical connections will place the direction and rate of movement of platform 1 completely under the control of the operator of the machine. A switch 17 for such control is shown generally in Fig. 1 of the drawmgs.

On platform 1 are a pair of chucks 18 for receiving and securing a billet or the like in position to be operated upon by the cutting head 3. The jaws 19 of such chucks grasp being preferably mounted upon the" table 2 itself. These housings 4 are each provided with a vertically extending aperture 20, and present inwardly thereof tracks 21 onwhich are slidable carriages 22. The cutting head 3 of the machine is rigidly secured to a sleeve 23 which is rotatable in these carriages.

Means are provided for adjustably supporting the carriages 22 and for lowering and raising the same, so that the cutting head 3 may be adjusted relatively to the work upon the platform 1, or may be raised out of operative relation therewith. For this purpose each of the carriages 22 is provided with a pair of interiorly screw threaded eyes 24, extending through apertures 25 in the housings 4 and engaging with the screw threaded operating rods 20, which are rotatably held in brackets 27 in the housin $14. A simultaneous rotation of the four rods 26 thus'serves to raise or lower the carriages 22 and the head carrying sleeves 23.

A motor 28 may be provided for actuating the rods 26. When such motor is employed, it has suitable actuating conlnections with the rods 26, and may be mounted upon an extension 30 of the table 2. Such actuating connections comprise a belt 31 passing over a pulley 32 on the motor shaft, and a second pulley 33 on the cross shaft 34, which is journalled in brackets 35 on the housings 4. On the shaft 34 are gears 36 each of which meshes with a pair of pinions 37 on the two short shafts 38. On the short shafts 38 are worms 39 each of which engages with a worm gear 40 on one of the actuating rods 26. Any suitable electrical .connections may be employed which will place the operation of the motor, and conse quent raising and lowering of sleeve 23, under accurate control. A switch 41 for this purpose is shown generally in Fig. 1 of the with a bevel pinion 48 on vertical shaft 42.

The shafts 42 and 43 are connected for simultaneous rotation by means of a cross shaft 49, having thereon bevel pinions 50 which mesh with bevel pinions 51 on the shafts 42 and 43. To the sleeve 23 are keyed a pair of worm gears 52 with which mesh the teeth of worms 53 mounted in the two sleeve supporting carriages 22. Rotatable in brackets 54 are short vertical shafts 55, having thereon bevel pinions 56 meshing with bevel pinions 57 on the worms 53. The short vertical shafts 55 engage with splines 58 on the operating shafts 42 and .43 and are slidable thereon in accordance with vertical movement of the carriages 22.

For horizontal adjustment of cutting head 3 on sleeve 23, a rod 59 is journaled in bearings 60 located interiorly of the sleeve. This rod 59 is rotatable by means of a hand wheel 61, and has a screw threaded engagement with the cutting head 3 so that its rotation causes horizontal movement of the cutting head.

The cutting head 3 has therein a chipping tool 63 swingingly mounted in the cutting head on a pivot 64, and held against swinging movement in one direction by the strap 65.

In operation of the machine a billet or the like is placed in position on platform 1, and secured thereon by means of the chucks 18 or some similar securing means suited to the form of the work. Hand wheel 61 is then operated to bring the tool 63 of head 3 in line with the seam which is to be removed from the billet, and the sleeve 23 is lowered so that the cutting head is in proper vertical position for operation. If the seam is a particularly short one, it may then be removed by rotating the cutting head 3, and forcing the tool through the metal to clean out the seam. The use of hand wheel 45 and worm 53 permits suflicient force to be employed to easily gouge out the metal of the billet. This operation, specificallyillustrated in Fig. 8 of the drawings, may be performed without movement of the billet carrying platform 1.

If longer seams are to be removed, the same preliminary adjustments may be made, but in this case motor 5 is connected to cause movement of the platform 1. Hand wheel 45 is rotated to make the initial cut into the metal, and the further gouging action is caused by the movement of the platform 1, the tool during this continued action being held to permit the movement of the platform to cause it to exert a gouging action upon the metal. At the end of the seam, hand wheel 45 is again rotated to remove the cutting tool 63 from the billet on an are similar to that on which it was introduced. During the 'euging action the worms 53 give sufficient backing to hold the tool steady and to cause it to cut through the metal of the billet under the force with which the platform 1 moves.

It will be understood that the cutting tool may be introduced and removed while the platform 1 is either at rest or in motion. The horizontal adjustment may also be made so quickly that an operator may continue to gouge seams from different points on the face of a billet during a single movementof the platform in one direction. On the return movement of the billet carrying platform, tool 63 will drag over the face of the billet in the manner illustrated in Fig. 10 of the drawings.

The described method of removing long seams thus requires the combination of a rotar movement for entering the chipping tool mto the billet and removing it therefrom, and an intermediate gouging action along a straight line. The combination of such actions is essential to successful operation, since even if a tool might possibly be forced vertically into a billet and removed vertically therefrom, square shoulders would remain in the billet and would require tapering by a subsequent hand chipping operation. The method also differs radically from that employed in milling and similar machines; since, in such machines a reciprocable platform subjects the work throughout all or part of its length to the continuous rotarytaction of acutting head instead of to a gouging action."

In cases where. a billet is so bent as to pre-' sent a face or faces having an undulatory contour, the machine may be so operated that the tool will follow such contour.- This is effected by slowly rotating hand wheel 45 during the continuance of a gouging out, so that the tool follows the contour, of the face and removes from the billet only the desired and necessary amount of metal to open up the seams or remove other defects occurring on the face of the billet. By rotating the hand wheel and cutting head in one direction or the other, the tool may be advanced to follow the down slope or curve of a concavity or convexity, and retracted to follow the up curve or slope of a concavity or convexity in the face of the material.

In order that the machine may accommodate billets of varying length, the chucks 18 are adjustable on the platform 1. This is done by loosening the bolts 66 which secure one of the chucks to the platform and making the necessary adjustment for the length of the billet to be operated upon. For convenience in operating upon successive faces of a billet, the means illustrated in Fig. 11 of the drawings is preferably provided. Such means comprise a hand wheel 67 having in its hub 68 a plurality of holes 69 extending through the hub and into the frame or body of the chu k, one such hole being provided for each face of the billet. By means of a bolt passing through the hub and into the frame of the chuck, the chuck may be locked in position for operation upon three of the faces thereof. When so turned, Without turning the billet in the chuck, it is obvious, however, that the relatively narrow end portion of the billet faces gripped by the chuck jaws cannot be reached by the tool.

In order to avoid loss of work through failure to operate upon a billet during both directions of travel of platform 1, the special form of cutting head illustrated in Fig. 7 of the drawings may be provided if so desired, its use being rendered possible by the fact that the head carrying sleeve 23 is rotatable in both directions. This head 3 is provided with a pair of oppositely positioned tools 63*, similar to the tools 63 of the head previously described, and each held against swinging movement in one direction by a strap 63*.

By use of such a head, one longitudinal subdivision of a billet may be operated upon during movement of the billet carrying means in one direction, while another longitudinal subdivision may be operated upon during movement of the platform in the opposite direction. The inoperative one of the chipping tools will be rotated out of contact with the work during each movement of the platform.

Whether provided with a double or single tool carrying head, the machine may obviously, when so desired, be employed as a simple planer. When so used, it fully performs all the functions of an ordinary planer of equal size and power.

The machine is capable of removing seams from a billet, or the like, in a comparatively short space of time, with a minimum loss of metal, and without strain to the workman performing the chipping operation. It is adapted for use not only to operate upon a billet which is true in form, but will also satisfactorily operate upon one of its distorted lines.

It will be understood that after seams have been removed by the meansand method described above, the billet, ingot, or the like, which has undergone treatment may be rolled, or otherwise worked, without leaving flaws or points of weakness in the metal. .lhis is because the original seams have been properly flared out leaving no abrupt shoulders, overhan ing edges, or crooked routs, such as inevitably occur in the case of a hand chipping operation.

It frequently" happens that a billetis so bodly seamed as to render it necessary to first completely face off all four surfaces, and then go over it to chip or gouge out the deeper seams. Such facing operation is exceedingly slow and laborious, when performed by hand with a pneumatic hammer. It is, also, impracticable to perform the operation with a planer because of the consequent loss of material, because of the frequently distorted form of the article to be faced, and because of the prohibitive cost of maintaining a sufficient number of ordinarily idle planers to attend to the possible quantity of such work which may occur at any time in the operation of a plant.

A number of modifications in the machine will occur to those skilled in the art, and no limitations other than those contained in the appended claims are to be imposed .upon the scope of the invention.

In addition to its use for removing seams from billets and the like the device may be employed to make the roughing out in forming key-ways and the like, and for similar operations where a planing or gouging cut is desired.

What I claim is:

1. A machine for operating upon the surface of metallic objects comprising a reciprocable work supporting carriage, a gouging tool, a rotatably mounted tool holder arranged to carry said tool and to force it into and remove it from the work on an arc, and means for holding the tool holder to cause the tool to exert a gouging action upon the work on said carriage during reciprocations of the carriage.

2. A machine for operating upon the surface of metallic objects comprising a reciprocable work supporting carriage, a gouging tool, a rotatably mounted tool holder arranged to carry said tool and to force it into and remove it from the work on an arc, and means for holding the tool holder to cause the tool to exert a gouging action upon the work on said carriage during reciprocations of the carriage and for rotating the tool holder during such operation to vary the depth of out made by the gouging tool.

3. 'A machine for operating upon the surface of metallic objects comprising a reciprocable work supporting carriage, a vertically adjustable cutting head, a gouging tool in said cutting head, and mounting and actuating means arranged to rotate the cutting head to force the tool into and remove it from the work on an arc and to hold the cutting head to cause the; tool to exert a gouging action upon the work on the carriage.

4. A machine for operating upon the surface of metallic objects comprising a reciprocable work supporting carriage, a cutting head adjustable vertically and transversely relatively to said carriage, a gouging tool in said cutting head, and mounting and actuating means arranged to rotate the cutting head to force the tool into and remove it from the work on an arc and to hold the cutting head to cause the tool to exert a gouging action upon the work on the carriage.

5. A machine for operating upon the surface of metallic objects comprismg a reciprocable work supporting carriage, a shaft adjustable vertically relatively to said carriage, a cutting head on said shaft and adjustable therealong, and means comprising a driving Worm for said shaft and cutting head arranged to rotate the cutting head to force the tool into and remove it from the Work on an arc and to hold the cutting head to cause the tool to exert a gouging action upon the work-on the carriage.

6. A machine for operating upon the surface of metallic objects comprising a reciprocable carriage, a rotatable cutting head, a gouging tool in said cutting head, and mounting and actuating means comprising a driving worm and hand actuated means therefor arranged to rotate the cutting head to force the tool into and remove it from the Work on an arc and to hold the cutting head to cause the tool to exert a gouging action upon the work on the carriage.

7. A machine for operating upon the surface of metallic objects comprislng a reciprocable table, a sleeve vertically adjustable relatively to said table, a cutting head carried by said sleeve, means for rotating said sleeve, and a rod located interiorly of said sleeve and having a screw threaded connection with said cutting head.

8. The method of scoring the surface of metallic objects which consists in forcing a gouging tool into the metal of the object on an arc, moving the object in a rectilinear plane to cause the tool to exert a gouging action thereon, and causing a movement of the tool in an arcuate path during such gouging operation to follow curvatures in the surface of the object or vary the depth of the cut made.

, 9.The method of scoring the surface of metallic objects which consists in forcing a gouging tool into the metal of the object on an are, moving the object in a rectilinear plane to cause the tool to exert a gouging action thereon, causing movgment of the tool in an arcuate path during'such gouging operation to follow curvatures in the surface of the object or vary the depth .of the cut made, and removing the tool on an are.

10. The method'of scoring the surface of metallic objects which consists in moving the object in a rectilinear path against the resistance of a gouging tool to cause the tool to exert a gouging action thereon, and causing movement of the tool in an arcuate path during such gouging operation to follow curvatures in the surface of the object or vary the depth of the cut made.

11. The method of scoring the surface of metallic objects which consists in moving the object in a rectilinear path against resistance of a gouging tool to cause the tool to exert a gouging action thereon, causing movement of the tool in an arcuate path during such gouging operation to follow curvatures in the surface of the object or vary the depth of the cut made, and removin the tool on an arc.

12. A machine for operating on'the surface of metallic objects comprising a reciprocable work supporting carriage, a cutting head, a pair of oppositely faced gouging tools in said cutting head arranged to operate during alternate reciprocations of the carriage, and mounting and'actuating means for said cutting head arranged to rotate the cutting head to force the tool into 30 and remove it from the work on an arc and to hold the cutting head to cause the tool to exert'a gouging action on the work on the carriage.

13. A machine for operating on the surface of metallic objects comprising a reciprocable work supporting carriage, a cutting head, a pair of oppositely faced gouging tools injsaid cutting head arranged to operate during alternate reciprocations of the carriage, and mounting and actuating means for said cutting head arranged to rotate the cutting head to force the tools into and remove them from the work on an arc and to hold the cutting head to cause the tool to exert a gouging action on the work on the carriage.

14. A machine for operating on the surface of metallic objects comprising a reciprocable Work supporting carriage, a cutting head adjustable vertically and transversely relatively to said carriage, a pair of oppositely faced gouging tools in said cutting head arranged to operate during alternate reciprocations of the carriage, and 195 mounting and actuating means for said cutting head arranged to rotate the cutting head to force the tool into and remove it from the Work on an arc and to hold the cutting head to 'cause the tool to exert a gouging action on the work on the carriage.

15. A machine for operating on the surface of metallic objects comprising a reciprocable work supporting carriage, a shaft adjustable vertically relatively to said carriage, a cutting head on said shaft and adjustable therealong, a pair of oppositely faced ouging tools in said cutting head arrangef to operate during alternate reciprocations of the carriage and means comprising a driving worm for said shaft and cutting head arranged to rotate the cutting head to force the tool into the work on an arc and to hold the cutting head to cause the tool to exert a gouging action on the work on the carriage.

16. A machine for operating on the surface of metallic objects comprising a reciprocable work *supporting carriage, a rotatable cutting head, a pair of oppositely 6 1,5ee,e75

faced gouging tools in said cutting head arto exert a gouging action on the work on 10 ranged t0 operate during alternate reciprothe carriage. cations of the carriage, and mounting and In Witness whereof, I hereunto set my actuating means for said cutting head comhand.

prising a driving Worm and hand operated JUHN BLAIR SUTTON. actuating means therefor arranged to retate the cutting head to force the tool into Witnesses:

GRETIA W. ALSTON,

and remove it from the Work on an arc and FLORENCE F. SCHWARTZ.

to hold the cutting head to cause the tool

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