US1532203A - Liquid projector - Google Patents

Description

April 7,"1925- A. V. SAMMIS vLIQUID PROJECTOR Filed July 3, 1917 3 Sheets-Shea?l prjl 7, 1925.

- l 1,532,203 A. v. sAMMls l LIQUID PROJECTOR Filed July 5. 1917 3' Sheets-Sheet 2 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 A. v sA-MMls LIQUID PROJECTOR Filed July 3, 1917 *April 7, 1925 Patented Apr. 7, 1925.

NUNITED v.slrafrylszs P ATE N T 'Q FSFSIICE .ALBERT V. SAMMIS, 0F HUNTINGTON`,"N`EW'YORK, ASSIGNOR TO FIRE 'GUNMANU- FACTUR-ING COMPA`NY,` INC., OF '.HUNTNGTN, NEW `YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

LIQUID PROJECTOR.

.Application filed'uly 3, 1917. Sera1 No.--178,407.

To all ifo/0m if; 'may concern.'

Be itknownl that LAI-inner V. Simms, a citizen of the United States, and resident of l'luntington, in the county 'of Suffolk and State of New York, have invented `certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid .irojectors, iof :which the `following is a specification.

My present invention relates tofdeviccs for forcibly project-ing liquids from aV suitable container, and has for, its iobject to @provide improved :means for regulariizing* the flow of the liquid, for preventing leakage (sparticularly at the outlet) ywhen the apparatus is not in use, and for insuring the proper working of the fdevice irrespective of the position in which itimay beheld. According to the `nature of the liquid employed, the device may `beused as a `lireextinguisher or as a sprayer for various agricultural,.industrial, or other purposes.

In the embodimentslof my invention illustrated .by .the accompanying drawings, l have :located withinA the container, anpnmp for producing the ipressure required to expel the liquid.

lnsaid drawings, Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section (with parte in 'outside view), of a form-of my apparatus Ain which the pump is anfair-pump; Fig. .2 isfa longitudinal section tal-:en substantially on Vthe `line 2*:2 of Fig. 1; l(1 ig-Z' is a vertical sectionshowing the central portion of Fig. 2-on an enlarged scale; Fig. l is a det-ail Avertical section, taken iu'a plane at 45 to that-of Fig. 3, and shows one of the parts represented in Fig. il; Fig. 5 is an ei'ilarged sectionalview of the parts shown at Athebottom of `Fig. 1with the pump piston in a diiferentposit-ion; Fig. G is a-detail perspective view of a locking member. co-operating with the pistonv rod; Fig. 7 is adetail view with vrparte in horizontal section kon line 7 7 lof Fig-1; Figs. 8 and 9 arelongitudinal sections correspond* ing substantially tolfigs. 1 and 2 respectively, and Yshowing a species of my inven tion in which 'the ypump -is a liquidepump; Fig. 10 isa View corresponding to F ig. 3, but illustrating the ,construction of Figs. 8 and 9; Fig.v S11 isa face View of a valvestop employed .in )this second construction; Fig. 125is a detail diagrammatic developed view of `the locking device which (zo-operates with the piston rod in .the construction of Figs. 8. and 9; Fig. 13 is a cross section` onV line 13-13 lofFig.v 9; Fig. ,1l shows, .on ay reduced scale, a top view of the devicerepresented vin Fi 8, 9, and 13, the pump handle being omitted from Fig. 14; Fig. 15 isa partial longitudinal section corresponding substantially vto Fig. 8, illustrating a third form .of my linvent-ion; Fig. 16 is a cross section `on line 16-16 of Fig. 15; and; Fig. 17 is a vertical section showing still another form of my invention.

Refer-ring particularly v'to Ythe construction shown in Figs. 1 tto 7, A Aindicates the Apreferably cylindrical body of. thecontainerhaving also a .preferably .bulged head A anda preferably recessed .bottom A. Atene side l have .shown a. filling nipple iB secured .to the wall or .body A .and extending into the container at. rightangles to :said wall. This nipple is `normally closed iby .a screw, vplug Then .the container is to be filled .with a liquid (say, carbon tetrachlorid yfor extinguishing `fires), it is laid down so that the axis ofthe cylindrical .wallv `will behori- Zontalor approximately so, and the nipple B at the top. Ther plug B ,having beentremoved, liquid can be poured :into .the'container, but only until the level of the .liquid rises to .the inner v(lower) endof the nipple, after which -it will be .impossible to pour 4in additional liquid; filling Vthe `container en-.

tirely is .thus prevented, ,and `in this wayl insure the retention of anairv space which will be of advantage, bothasregards the easier starting Y of =tlie liquid `flow, and through the fact that, .upon a .rise of temperature, the .liquid may expand Awit-hout .exerting anyinaterialstrain "on the container. This arrangement of the filling nipple is preferably employedl whenever the pump is an airgpump.

VAccording to the forms of` myyinvention to ythe Ibot-tom A, `preferably in. suclna manncrthat stl'ienozzle will not project `beyond the adjacent edge of the wall A; this vill protect the nozzle tip when the apparatus is set upright on a table or other flat surface, as will bel obvious from Figs. l, 2, 8, 9 and l5.

Referring again particularly to Figs. l to 7, in which the pump is an air pump, I have shown an outlet casing 2O adjacent to the nozzle C, a pump barrel 2l one end of which is fitted into a shouldered chamber 20 at the inner end of the said casing, and a head casing 22 located at the head A and receiving the other end of the pump barrel 2l. The outlet casing 2O is secured by a threaded engagement with the nozzle C, or in other suitable manner. lhe head casing 22 is secured to the head A, say in the. the manner indicated in Fig. 2, and is provided at its outer end with a chamber containing a packing ring 23 located between cone-faced metal washers 23 and compressed by a threaded metal gland 24 so as to engage tightly the hollow piston rod 25. The louter end of this rod is threaded for connection with a handle 2S. The gland 24 and the washers 23 may be removed readily after unscrewing the handle, as the chamber of the casing 22 in which said gland and washers are contained, is of preferably uniform diameter to its outer end. The gland 24' is preferably provided with an annular outward projection 2e surrounded by a. packing ring 24C (say,

j of cork) adapted to fit` into a recess at the inner end of the handle, when thelatter is in its innermost position; this is to prevent the possibility of leakage along the outer surface of the piston rod 25, or rather the escape of any liquid which may get past the packing 23 when the device is not in use. The handle 26 is shown provided with an air inlet channel 27 leading` to the hollow piston rod 25, the latter, near-its outer end, containing an inwardly-opening air-inlet valve 28. Then the: handle is removed from Vthe piston rod, this valve 2S is readily accessible for inspection and renewal, the small housino 29, which contains the ball valve and the spring to seat said ball, being constructed for a threaded eng-agement with the 'removable perforated plug 29 having aI valve seat. rlhe chamber of the cylinder or barrel 21 adjacent to the head is adapted to receive air from the outside through a channel 30 located in the head casing 22 and controlled by an inwardly-opening spring-pressed valve 31. This easing 22 is also provided with a channel 32, controlled by an outwardly-opening spring-pressed valve 33, to allow air to pass from the upper chamber of the pump cylinder to the interior or main space of the container.

lVithin the barrel 2l a piston 3-l of any suitable construction is secured to the piston rod 25, the open lower end of said rod projecting below thel piston as shown.` Thus,

normally, the interior of the hollow piston rod 25 communicates with the cylinder chamber below the piston, the chamber 20 of the outlet casing 2O forming an extension and virtually a portion of the lower p ump chamber. From the chamber 20, a channel 35, controlled by a spring-pressed outwardlyopening valve 36, leads to the interior or main space of the container.

It will be obvious that the pump just described is a double-acting air pump which at each stroke will draw air from the surrounding atmosphere into one end of the pump barrel and at the same time force air from the other end of said barrel into the main space of the container. During the inward stroke, the suction valve 3l and the delivery valve 36 will open, the suction valve 28 and the delivery valve 33 remaining closed, while the reverse action will take place during the outward stroke.

The air thus forced into the main chamber of the reservoir exerts pressure on the liquid therein and (the outlet nozzle C being open, as in Fig. 5) causes the liquid to be expelled through the nozzle C in the following manner: (ln a suitable part of the apparatus, say the pump barrel 2l, a valve casing 37 is supported, as by means of a plate 37. tral chamber 38, in permanent communication with a chamber 20 of the outlet casing 20, by means of a lateral channel 3S) located in the plate 37, said channel communicating with a pipe 40 which extends lengthwise of the container and leads to a duct ll in the casing 20, said duct being connected with the aforesaid chamber 20". rfhis chamber is adjacent to the nozzle C, and communicates with it during the operation of the lire-extinguisher, sprayer, etc. lhe valve casing 37 also contains two end chambers 4-2, one at each side of the charnber 38, and at the junction of each end chamber with the central chamber I provide a shoulder or seat for a ball valve 43. '.lhe seat for this valve 43 is formed in such a manner (see Fig. that the valve will engage it along a line, and not along a surface; sticking of the valve is thus avoided. Between the two valves 4 3 l locate a sliding separator 4&4, separate from and loose relatively to said valves, and of such a length as to insure that at any time, at least one of the end chambers hft2 will be open to the central chamber 38. Of course the separator @t4 is of such a shape as not to obstruct the passage of liquid from the end chambers Ll-2 to the central chamber 38 and from the latter to the channel 39. .Each of the end chambers 42 also contains the following` parts: A perforated stop l5 to limit the outward movement of the respective valve 43, said stop being projected from, and preferably made integral with, a member 46 pro- 'lhis valve casing contains a cenrgssemoe vided with an axial passage and with `a j sphericall'y roi'mde'd' seat at'the router end 'of said passage; tw( "elastic (felt) fwa'shersll on the outside of said member v46 'an outer member or 'thimble 48 fitted 'over said waslr ers/4:7 and over-a portion of 'tlie innen-member g4G, and 'engaging a l'flange -onf the lastnamed member to press the latterlagainst'a suitable shoulderof the'casingf?, said thimble beingI formed with a spherictilly'rounded seat at the edge'of an intulmed'flangelprovided at litscolrterende; kand a perforated universally pivo'ted ball 49 fitted against the two seats ofthe members 4G and 48 respectively,` and also against the inner'` surfaces of the washers 47. 'The members 46, `48and the other parts just mentioned are -heldE in position in any suitable marmer, preferably by crinrp'ing the' edges at the `ends of the casing;` 37 inwardly, as indicatedat (Figi. Tith each of the `ballmemb'ers 49' is connected a s\\'ingi ng liquid-convey-fing,r member `or tube `50, Ipreferably of afrigid character,'and the 'free endslof theseiimembers or tubes'are provided with finlet orifices for the liquid and adapted to inoi-*eadjacent toy the head A andthe bottom 1A. respectively. The ball members `49 with their sockets form universal joints 'for theswing'- ing liquid-conveying members 5or tubes 50, and preferably the -inner 'sur-faces ofi the head A and of; the sbottom A 'are curved spherically to conform to Athe lpaths of the y free ends ofthe tubes 50. Theseen'ds may be weightechas shownat 150', fto'causelthem to respond more quickly to changes in the position offthe container. Collars'oO 'ofv felt or other suitable material may be rrsed if desired tokeep the. free ends ofthe tubes from striking `against lthe wall `of sthe container and against the pump easings. irllhe valve casing 37 is prefer-'ably"located in the longitudinal a'xisof the container' :(see' 2) and about half-way between Ithe headk A f and thel bottom A1, so that the "two tubes 5() may be alike.

It will be obvious that gravitywill cause the valves 43 and the separator'44, 'as-well as the liquid-conveying members oi-ftubes 50, always to assume such a po'sitionas to'connectat least one `of the tubes 50 with the central chamber 38 and to interrupt connection between the saidchamber38 and that end chamber 42which temporarily -is higher 'than the other end chamber k42. Thus-1in Fig.- 2 only the *lower `end chamberlfandlthe lower tube are 2in communication' with the central chamber 38. AIf thefpun'rp 'is operated, the cha`mber20l is opentothe o'utle'tnozzle C, and the liquid willenterthe free end of-one Ior1"both of the ltubes'50,as the inlet orili'ce of one orfboth `o'f'fthem -dips into the 'liquidfwhich will then fflo'w through such "tubeor tubes 'and'ipast the valve or` val'ves 43 not sea-ted yat" the time, yinto the central chamber 38, and*v -'thence vthrough the chainnel 39,' pipe 40, iduct 4il,and chamber 20 to the outlet knozzleA C,

The cham-ber 20 not only serves to receive certain parts hereinafter clescribed; but also,f1b'y trapping' or holding albody ofair, performs the function `of-a `wIi-ndc"ne'st to regtllarize 'the flow of the liquid from the nozzle.

It is desirable that the nozzle C'sh'ould be closed 'securely' when"theapparatus is not in use,-so`as tov avoidspi'lling orf leakage of the liquid 'contained-therein. For 'this purpose, I' have Lprovideda shutsofl member controlling the' connection of thechamfber 20 with the'passagelof the-nozzle C. In the construction illustrated by; Figs. l, 2, and 3, the shutoff member consists of a disk 5l -of felt or other suitable material adapted toengafge the inner yend efa 'tubular projection C extend# in'gfrom lther-nozzle C into the chamber 20". With this particiilar arrangement, a certain am'ountv'ffliquid up to the level of the :tree end of said projection) fmay remain the bottom `of the chaniber20,Without 'any dan*r geref 'spillingr this amou-ntwhen the shutofl1 menrberel is liftedol1 its seat. The shut-oil" disk 5ll is contained inacylindrical socke't52 Vprojectedv from one side of a sliding disk 52 `guided in the chamber 20'.`

Thisfdisk, Aif desired, may fit like a piston against the wall fof'the chamber, butr this -is not necessary, that is Ito say7 an air-tight fit `is'not required. A spring', coiled around the lsocket 452 andv bearing against'- the` nozle C, tendsto force the slide 52 and the shut-off member 5l away lfrom the nozzle.

On Ethe other (innerf) Vside of the slided-isk 52 isflocated a central 'projection orX pin 52 the chamber 20 but preferably closed to the 'chamber 20 and Ain ou-I'i'itedto slide in 'that' portion`20* of the casing 2O which separates the chamber '20 from :the chamber "20.

Both 'the-fdisk'v52 andthe capor tube slide 1n the same direction, which is also vthe direction in which' the piston rod 25 reciprocates,-:i`nd?the' lower end of saidlrod is adapted 1to 'engage 'the upper `end lof the` ytube under certaincon'ditions. `washer 4inay be placedmround:the lower portion off the tube 54, 5tol prevent communication between thechamb'ers 20 and'20 when the parts are in the fpositi'on (Fig. 5) Vwhich they assume when"'the apparatus `is in use. A spring' 55 is eoiled around the `pin 52 and bears aga-inst Vfthe tube *54, and preferably this spring VHis appreci'ably stronger than the spring 53; thel'atte'r therefore lifts the shutdisk 1is` released, while the spring' 55 tends to separa-te the t'ube from fthe diskl, and vhen thfrcap=or`tl1be 54 is pressed down as set iforth lbelowr such motion 'is `transmitted yielding-ly tof the disk 5l, -byf the spring 55 which then presses the said disk against its seat. Inasmuch as the liquid passing through the chamber tends to lift the disk 5l, particularly if the latter is constructed as a piston, the spring 5B is not absolutely necessary to make the device operative, and might be omitted.

Below the piston 34, that is to say, on the side of the piston toward the outlet, the piston rod is provided with a diametral pin 25 projecting transversely at each side. In the chamber 20, at the lower end of the pump barrel 2l, is located. a ring 56 whose central perforation is large enough to allow the lower end of the piston rod 25 to pass through freely (see Fig. 2). At its inner edge, this ring or locking member (Fig. 6) is provided with a pair of diametrieallyopposite notches 56 to allow the ends of the pin 25 to pass therethrough in one position, and with two diametrieally-opposite, downwardly-open sockets 56. located between the said notches and adapted to receive and lock the ends of said pin 25 after the same has been turned through an angle of, say 90 from the position in which it registers with the notches 56. During the normal operation of the apparatus, the pin 25 will be in such a position (say, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 5) as to be stopped by engaging the upper surface of the locking member 56 when the piston is at the end of its inward stroke; thus the inner end of the piston rod will be prevented from striking against the cap or tube 54, and the latter as well as the shut-off member 5l will remain in the position shown in Fig. 5, as long as the pump is being operated. lVhen the operation is discontinued, and it is desired to close the nozzle C, the piston rod 25 is turned (by means of the handle 26) to bring the pin 25 to the position indicated by the full circle in Fig. 5, in registry with the notches 56', and then the piston 34 may be pushed inward farther than during the operation of the pump, the ends of the pin 25 passing through said notches until the pin is below the locking member 56, and the end of the piston rod 25 engages the cap or tube 54 and presses it down. rIhis compresses the spring and causes the disk 52 and the shut-off member 5l to move downward also, whereby this member is brought to the closing position, see Fig. 2. giving the handle 26 a quarter-turn in either direction, the ends of the pin 25 are brought into registry with the sockets 56, and the upward pressure of the spring will force said pin ends into the sockets, thus locking the parts against accidental movement. rlhe use of two sliding members 52, 54, with a spring 55 tending to force them apart, insures a proper seating of the shut-o member 51, irrespective of any wear of said parts.

In order to indicate to the user when the By then pin 25 is in registry with the notches 56', I may employ the construction shown in Figs. l, 2 and 7. The handle 26 is made with a projection 26 adapted to register with one or the other of two notches 7 9 in a flanged ring 79 secured to the head A', at the time the pin 25 registers with the notches 56. In this position the pump piston may be given a reciprocating motion, but preferably, after the handle has been pulled out a slight distance, it is given a partial turn so as to bring the projection 26 in line with the solid portion of the flanged ring 7 9; the flange of this ring will thus be in the path of the projection 26 and prevent the handle from being pushed in fully. Of course, the solid portions of the locking member 56 are at that time in the path of the pin 25 and also have the function of limiting the inward movement of the piston, but these parts are concealed from view whereas the projection 26 forms a visible indicator in conjunction with the notches 79. The notches 7 9 therefore constitute marks which when in registry with the indicating projection 26 show that the pin 25 is in registry with the notches 56.

After the gland 24 has been removed as mentioned above, an outward pull on the handle 26 will withdraw not only the packing 23 and the washers 23, but the piston as well, since the diameter of the chamber containing said gland, packing and washers, is greater than the piston diameter.

In the construction illustrated by Figs. 8 to 14 inclusive, the pump is a double-acting liquid pump, and not an air pump. The parts A, A, A, C, C, 20, 21, 22, 23, 23', 24, 25, 25, 26, 34, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 47, 49, 50, 50, 50, 5l, 52, 52, 52, 53, 54, 54', and 55, are practically of the same construction as in Figs. l to 7, although the piston rod 25 may be solid instead 0f tubular, and the handle 26 is made without the channel 27. The ball stop 45 in this case is shown a separate piece (Figs. l0 and ll), the dotted lines in Fig. ll indicating the cross sectional shape of the end chamber 42. lhe perforated member 46 has a spherically curved inner seat for the ball 49, the outer ball seat being in the member 48 located cxteriorly of the washers 47. rIhe lateral channel 39 connects with a central chamber 57 in a valve casing 37* on the plate 37, the connection of said chamber 57 with the end chambers 58 being controlled by gravity ball valves 59, the outward movement of which is limited by suitable devices, suoli as the perforated stop disks 60; these disks may be exactly like the stop disks 45 of Fig. l1, except that the disks 45 may be made (as shown) without the central per-- foration. One of the end chambers 58 is connected by a pipe 6l with the chamber 20 of the outlet casing 20, and therefore b il with. the` lower end or c-oi'npartment of the pump barrel lgrthefotherendchainber 58 is connected by aisimilar pipe 62 with the other, upper end or compartment ot the pump, barrel 2l. A third pipe, ('33, which like the pipes (3l and .62 extends lengthwise ofthe pump., .connects the upper pump compartment-with the: outlet nozzle` C by way oit' a chamber4 64, a vpassage65, and the chamber `this connectionbeing-controlled by a valve (Gwlocated in. the chamber 611-. Thvalve GG .moves between .two seats, and when the lowerseatis engaged as in Figs. S and 9, .the outlet nozzle C is in communication with the upper compartment off the pump barrel, .while the. communication ofthe said nozzle with the. lower compartment ofthe pump barrel is; interrupted by said valve. Then the valve G6 engages the` upper seat, the communication ot the outlet nozzle C with the upper pump compartment isi interrupted, but a connection is established from said nozzle through the chamber 20, the. passage 65, the chamber 64, a duct 67, and the chamber 20f,.with the lower compartment of the pump barrel 21. The stopplate 5,6* employed in this construction (Fig. l2) has twov upwardly-bent tongues 56 and apair ot downwardly-bent tongues 66h, thewtwo tongues ofthe `same pair being at` diametrically-opposite points. During the reciprocationrof theI pumpI piston, the plate 56* limits the downward or inward movement,1as described before` VVhenit is desir-edito lock the piston andclose the nozzleC, the piston is turned .until the pin registers with the spaces or` openings betwcenthe adiacente-nds of the tongues 5G, 5G", and is then pushed into bring the ends oli-the pin below thelocking plate, in the same manner as described above. By then giving-the handle 2G `aboutahalf-tu-rn in the proper direction, the ends ofthe pin 25 are brought to a stop against the downwardly-bent ends of the tongues. 56h, thus loc-king the` parts against accidental movement.

It will be understood thatin this second if'orinfof my invention, I may employ 'the saine loc-king device for closing` the outlet nozzle C asinthe i'orm irst described, or the locking'- dev-ice of Fig. 12 may be used in the said V[irst torni ot construction, instead off the one there shown; in principle, the two locking devices are practically the same.

lt. will further be eviden-t that' in this second form of my invention., the liquidconveying members or tubes will act as intake suction-pipes tor' the pain-ip, and the free end of at least one otthese tubes will always dipy into the'liquid,:and'it one tube or the other is directedl upwardly,.the corresponding ball valve 43, will, by. dropping onl its Seat, shut oli' this` upwardlydirected tube. (the Afree end of which is in the airspace of the container)` from connection with the pump. The otherptub'e 50, however,- (by. the action loi' they other valve 4.3 aided by the separator 44), will bc connected with the pump, .through the end chamber 42, central chamber; 38, channel 39, andchamber 57. This latter chamber will communicate with that compartmentof the. pumpbarrel 2l which at the time: is the suction compartment, since4 suction in` either pump compartment will be transmitted to the .corresponding end chamn ber 58 through the pipe 61 or 62 respectively, causingthe corresponding valve 59 to.;be. moved from its seat; so asto allow the. liquid to pass. to. such pump compartmentfrom the chamber` 57. The. two valves 59 will therefore becomefseated alternately as. the pump pistonfl is. reciprocated. As liquid is -being ejected from the container, air must. be admitted to prevent the formationV ofy a vacuum, and for this, purpose, asfshowninFig. 8, a ballvalvef68 moving outwardly against a suitable seat in the casing; 22, and inwardly against. a suitable perforated stop. 69,.is providedto control a vent 22 in the casing 252.'. In order that. no liquid may leali through said vent, a: capor stopper 70 is arranged to, engage and close the outer end of the vent, said stopper` beingv thenzheld againstsaid vent by a movableI and'. preferably. elastic finger 71, secured to the` head A and to the casing 22, .say by ayscrew -7 1",.andhaving a perforation for the passa-ge of the piston rodg25. When the handleis pushed in fully (locked position, Fig-e8 and 9.), it forces the free or `movable end of. the finger 7l inwardly to pushthestopper 70 against the` vent as shown. lhen. how eve-r, the. handle is pulled; out, asin oper ating? the pump, the stopper '70is moved awayfrom the vent 22 by afcoiled.spring` 73, of suliicient. strength to overcome the pressure of the finger 7l.

This` second form of my invention has substantially. the same devices asv the. first form, tonlocking the piston and for shutting oi the outlet nozzle` C when. the. apparatusis not in use, and for rendering the flow. ot' liquid regular or uniform owing to. theft'act that the chaniiber. 20. forms a windchest. AThe filling` oi the container might be edectedin( the. same way as in the form flirstdeseribed, or through an open iugin the head A', normally closed by a plugB 9;).

The iorm of my` inventionshown1in yFigs. l5 and 16 differs from the `second 'forni (Figs.V 8 to 14)*only inthe following particulars: The valvesl). are pressed towards their seats by spri1igs.,60f, whichot course yield when suctionitends t0; move these `ball valvesftrom their seats. The plate 37 can ries still another valve casing 37, containing a chamber or passage 64, while valves 74, under the influence of springs 75, and opening into said chamber 64, control the connection of this chamber with pipes 63 and G3, of which the Yformer (like the upper end of the pipe 63 in Fig. 8) is conneoted with the upper compartment of the pump barrel 21, while the pipe 63 (corresponding substantially to the lower end oi the pipe 68 in Fig. 8) leads to the chamber 20 and the lower compartment of the pump barrel. The chamber or passage G4' is connected by a pipe or tube 76 with a wind-chest or air-chamber 77 connected by a tube 78 with the channel 41 leading to the outlet chamber 20 of the casing 20. The wind-chest 77 retains a trapped body of air which renders the flow of liquid uniform or regular, as explained above in connection with the chamber 20 of the constructions shown in Figs. 1 to 14.

In Fig. 15 the member sliding in the chamber 20 is formed as a pistonq52, the .cylindrical hollow projection 52 ot which engages a stationary washer 51 made of telt or other suitable material and placed against the inner surface of the nozzle C, which in this case is shown as made without the tubular projection C. When the piston. member 52a is in its closing position as in Fig. 15, its lower surface is practically flush with the adjacent oriiice ot the channel 41. The spring 53 tending to open the outlet of the nozzle, is omitted in this construction; but when the operation of the pump propels liquid under pressure into the outlet chamber 20, below the piston disk 52a, such liquid will force the piston 52a away from the washer 51', thus opening the outlet of the nozzle C. In this particular construction, the nozzle outlet will be closed automatically, by the action of the spring 55, as soon as the operation oi the pump is discontinued. The piston rod 2', in this construction, is therefore not relied upon to seat the silde valve upon the outlet of the nozzle C, but only to lock the said valve .in such seated or closing position, The other 'features ot construction and operation ot the device shown in Figs. 15 and 1?, are the same as described above in connection with Figs. 8 to 14. While it is true that in 'this construction (Figs. 15 and 1G) the spring suffices to close the outlet nozzle as soon as the pump stops ejecting the liquid under pressure, so that the action ot the piston rod is not required to close said outlet, still when the piston rod is brought down to the locked position, it puts the spring 55 under increased pressure and thus holds the outlet closed more securely.

In Fig. 17, the slide 52, ot a construction similar to that of Figs. 15 and 16, has a loose connection with the cap 54 by means ot pins 8O having a sliding fit in the body of the slide 52 and provided with heads below said body, the upper ends of said pins being secured rigidly to the cap 54, or rather to the washer 54* above the lange of said cap. The upper end of the cap 54 is made with a coupling 54a, for instance in the nature of a longitudinally-split elastic pin adapted to tit into a corresponding socket at the lower end of the piston rod 25. Thus, when the outlet is closed as in Fig. 17, the coupling pin 54a is within the socket of the piston rod. After the piston rod 25 has been turned to release the pin 25 from the locking member 56, an upward pull on the piston rod will tirst take along the cap 54 alone and later also the slide 52 when the heads of the pins 80 engage said slide. The outlet will thus be open positively. As soon as the washer 54* engages the partition 205:, further upward movement of the cap 54 will be impossible and continued pull on the handle 26 will cause the socket at the lower end of the piston rod to become separated from the coupling pin 54n on the cap It will be obvious that when the piston is pushed in to bring the pin 25 under the locking member 5G, the coupling pin 54n will again snap into the socket ot the piston rod, and the outlet will be closed in substantially the same manner as described above.

Various modiications may bemade without departing from the nature of my invention as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a liquid-projector, a pump comprising a cylinder and a piston, in conjunction with a casing having intake connections, gravity valves located in said casing and controlling said connections, another casing integral with the first-named casing and communicating therewith, and suction alves contained in said second casing and controlling its connection with opposite ends of the pump cylinder.

2. In a liquid-projector, a .liquid-con4 tainer provided with an outlet, a chamlwr adjacent to said outlet, a closing member movable in said chamber and controlling its ("onnection with said outlet, a piston nicmber connected rigidly with said outletclos ing member and movable in said chamber, and a liquid-conveying member having an inlet arranged to dip into the liquid, and connected with said chamber between its outlet connection and the piston member, whereby the pressure of the liquid flowing` into said chamber will tend to move said piston member and open the outlet.

3. In a liquid-projector, a liquid-container provided with an outlet, a chamber adjacent to said outlet, an inwardly-opening valve controlling the connection of said chamber with said outlet, a piston member movable in said chamber and arranged to carry said valve from a closed to an open position, and means for conveying liquid to said chambe at a point between said piston member and the outlet connection of said chamber.

4. In a liquid-projector, a liquid-emr tainer provided with an outlet, a pump for causing' the liquid to be discharged through said outlet. said pump including a member arranged to reciprocate toward and from said outlet, an outlet-closing member movable in the same direction as the reciprocating pump member, a spring-pressed member :interposed between said outlet-closing` member and said reciprocating pump member, and a guide with which said springpressed member has a sliding engagement.

5. In a liquid-projector, a liquid-container provided with an outlet, a pump t'or causing the liquid to be discharged through said outlet, said pump including a member arranged to reciprocate toward and from said outlet, an outlet-closinp,` slide movable in the same direction as said pump member, another slide, likewise movable in this direction, located between said pump member and the tirst-named slide, and a springinterposed between said two slides and tending to separate them.

G. In a liquid-projector, a liquid-container provided with an outlet, a chamber adjacentto said out-let, an inwardly-openn ing valve controlling the connection of said chaniber with said outlet, a movable member. in contact with the liquid contained in said chamber, and connected with said valve to carry it from a closed to an open position, and means Ator conveying' liquid to said chamber at a point between said movable member and the outlet connection of said chamber` whereby the pressure of the liquid in said chamber will act on the said movable member to bring the valve to its open position.

7. In a liquid-projector, a liquid-com tainer provided with an outlet, a pump for causingl the liquid to be discharged through said outlet, said pump including' a reciproeating' piston, an operating` rod extending, trom said piston to the outside oit the containcr,l a handle secured to the outside portion ci' said rod, a parking gland through which said piston rod extends, said gland beingl provided with an outward projection, and a packing' collar adapted to tit around said projection and into a recess on the inner tace ot' the handle when the latter is in its innermost position.

8. In a liquid-projector, a liquidcon tainer provided with an outlet, a pump for causing the liquid to be discharged through said outlet, said pump including a reciprocating piston and a piston rod provided with a transverse projection, said rod with its projection being' adapted to turn on its axis, a locking' member located within the container and adapted to co-operate with vsaid projection to lock or unlock the piston rod, a handle located exteriorly ot the container and connected with said piston rod, and indicating` means located eXteriorly of the container, for showing whether the piston rod is locked or unlocked.

9. In a. liquid-projector, a container, a pump lor ejecting liquid from said con tainer, said pump including a reciprocatin b piston, an operatingrod extending, from said piston to the outside of the container, a headcasiny through which said rod passes to the outside oit the container, said casing, being formed with a chamber whose diameter is greater than that of the pump piston, packing' in said chamber, and a removable gland, of greater diameter than the piston, at the outer end ot said chamber, whereby, on the removal o't said gland, the piston rod can be pulled out with the packing and with the piston.

10. In aliquid-projector, a pump comprising a cylinder and means for exerting suction and pressure therein, in conjunction with a suction inta-ke casing connected with said pump cylinder and having an intake member connected with such casing movably, and held in said casing by an intev al part oi the casing.

ll. In a syringe the combination ot, a reservoir; a piston chamber in the reservoir having' suction inlets to opposite ends thereof and a discharge outlet t0 the exterior of the reservoir connected with opposite ends otl the piston chamber; al piston; a rod to reciprocate the piston extending from the end of the piston chamber opposite to the discharge outlet; a valve operable during` the reciprocation of the piston to shut ott' the discharge outlet iroin opposite ends of the piston chamber, and valve mechanism operable when the piston is in its' innermost position to shut olf the discharge outlet from said chamber substantiall'j7 as and 'tor the purpose specilied.

ALBERT V. SAMMIS.

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