US1531165A

US1531165A - Cylinder for internal-combustion engines

Info

Publication number: US1531165A
Application number: US609738A
Authority: US
Inventors: Wilkinson George Shakespeare
Original assignee: D Napier and Son Ltd
Current assignee: Napier Turbochargers Ltd
Priority date: 1922-12-29
Filing date: 1922-12-29
Publication date: 1925-03-24
Anticipated expiration: 1942-03-24

Description

March 24, 1925. 1,531,165

G. S. WILKINSON- CYLINDER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Fild Dee. 29, 1922 IHIGIIIOH any? , Patented Mar. 24, 1925.

UNITED STATES I 1,531,1 3v PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE SHAKESPEARE WILKINSON, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO D. NAPIER &

SON LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, A COMPANY OF GREAT BRITAIN.

' CYLINDER FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Application filed December 29, 1922. Serial No. 609,738;

To all whom z't may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE SHAKESPEARE WILKINSON, a subject of the King of England, and residing at London, in En land,

5 have invented certain new and usefu Improvements in Cylinders for Internal-Gombustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to cylinders .for internal combustion engines more particular-v ly air-cooled cylinders of that type in which an open-ended cylinder formed of steel or similar metal has mounted. on its end a head constructed of aluminium or aluminium alloy and has for its object to effect certain improvements in the juncture between the head and the cylinder.

In air-cooled cylinders of the type in question owing to the'diflerent coefficients of expansion ofthe metals of which the cylinder and head are formed, there is a difliculty in maintaining a tight joint between these parts and the present invention is directed to providing a construction of such a nature that a tight joint will be ensured while, if desired, the construction will permit of the head being readily detached.

According to this invention a head formed of metal having a coefiicient of expansion H dilferent from" that of the metal of which the open-ended cylinder is formed is screwed or otherwise mounted on the cylinder so as to enclose the end of the latter. A ring formed of a metal which is either the same as that of the cylinder or has a similar or greater coeflicient of expansion is mounted and fits closely on that part of the head which surrounds the end of the cylinder.

Thus that portion 'of the head which en- 40 gages the end ot the cylinder lies between the cylinder and the separate ring, the latter being screwed or otherwise fixed on to the head. The head may thus be provided with an annular flange internally ,sorewawthreaded to engage the correspondingly screwthreaded end of the 'cylipder. The ring whichflts closely on and around the head flange is constructed, together'with this flange, so that the engaging portions of these members are either plain or wholly or partially coned and screwthreaded. In this way the flange or corresponding portion of the head which surrounds the end of the cylinder is so engaged by the separate ring as to be clamped by this ring on to the en of the cylinder and in this way a tight joint is maintained between the head and the cylinder since the cylinder and the ring will expand equally.

The invention may be carried out in practice in various ways but the following may be instanced as alternative constructions that may be adopted.

In each case the cylinder A, which is vpreferably formed of steel, carries radiating fins A except at or near its upper end, the scylinder being formed with both ends open. The exterior of the upper or outer end of the cylinder is screwthreaded as at A and on to the cylinder is screwed the head B 70 whichmay be made of aluminium or aluminium alloy and is given a suitable structures with external radiating fins B. The part of the cylinder head which screws on to and engages the end of the cylinder is in effect an annular flange B but this part may be constructed in various ways as found desirable.

In the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 shows in vertical section one form of'cylinder head andlocking ring according to this invention, and

Figures 2 and 3 show also in vertical sec- 1 tion modified forms of locking ring and that portion of the cylinder head with which they cooperate.

In the arrangement shown in Figure 1 the locking of the head B onthe cylinder A is effected as follows. The exterior of the head flange B which engages the end of the cylinder is formed conical at'its upper end C but for its remaining length it is formed parallel to the cylinder and screwthreaded as at G. A ring D constructed for example of the same steel as the cylinder and conveniently provided on its exterior with radiating fins D is internally coned and screwthreaded to engage the exterior of the head flange B. When this ring is in position and screwed up, the flange B will be clamped or held between the ring D and the cylinder, and since both these partsare formed of metal or metals having the same or substantially the same coefficient of expansion the expansion of the interposed 105 metal of-the head will be controlled and a tight joint between the head and the cylinder maintained."

In an alternative arrangement shown in Figures 2 and 3 the exterior of the head 110 of the conicity of the exteriorof the head flange either in this case or in the arrangement described above may vary as found desirable.

Yet again the exterior of the head flange ;may be smooth and parallel with the inte rior of the cylinder, the clamping ring being pressed or shrunk into place on the head ange.

Other arrangements may be adopted it desired but in each instance it is to be noted that the looking or clamping ring is carried entirely on the flange or other part of the head which engages and encloses the endof the cylinder so that the ring is not in contact with the cylinder and the metal of the head flange is disposed and held between the wall of the cylinder and the interior of the ring.

Suflicient clearance is leftbetween the end of the head flange and the adjacent. radiating rib or ribs on the cylinder so as to facilitate the placing of the ring in position or its removal if it is desired to detach the head from the cylinder.

As mentioned above, the separate ring may be formed of a metal which is the same as or similarto that of which the cylinder ltself is formed. In some cases, however,

in place of the ring metal being suchv as. to

ring'these annuli being formed so. that they have the same or approximately the same coefficient of expansion. as the cylinder metal, there may be employed in the structure of the rin cient 0 expansion than the cylinder metal. This may be desirable in view of the cylinder being subjected to a higher temperature than the outer ring. It is also desirable to determine the expansion of the ring with relation to the thickness of the metal .in the head flange which is interposedibetween the ring and the cylinder. In any case it is the object of the invention to constrain the head flange betweenconcentric metal .annuli, namely, the end of the cylinder and the I will expand in a substantially similar manner and thus counteract the tendency of the head flange to expand away from and thus break the joint with the end ofthe cylinder.

The'details of constructions may be m0di-- fled as found desirable.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In an air-cooled cylinder for internal combustion engines the combination of an open-ended cylinder threaded externally at one end, a cylinder head screwed on to the threaded end of the cylinder and formed of a: metal having a coefficient of expansion a metal which has a greater coefli-,

on to and enclosing oneiend of the cylinder and formed of a metal having a coefficient of expansion different from that of the metal of which the cylinder is formed, and an'annular member screwed on to that part of the cylinder head which lies around the end of the cylinder completely spaced from the cylinder and formed of a metal having substantially the same coefficient of expansion as that of which the cylinder is formed.

3. In an air-cooled cylinder for internal combustion engines, the combination of an open-ended cylinder, a cylinder head fitting on to and enclosing one end of the cylinder and having a coned surface formed on that part of the head which lies around the end of the cylinder, the cylinder head being formed of a metal having a coefiicient of expansion diflerent from that of the metal of which the cylinder is formed, and an annular member wholly mounted. and fitting closely on the coned portion'of the cylinder head spaced thereby from the cylinder and formed of a metal having substantially the same coefiicient of expansion as that of which the cylinder is formed.

4. In an air-cooled cylinder for internal combustion engines, the combination of an open-ended cylinder, a cylinderhead screwed on to one end of the cylinder and having a coned surfaceformed on that part of the head which lies around the end of the cylinder, the cylinder head being formed of a open-ended cylinder, a cylinder head fitting on to and enclosing one end of the cylinder and having a coned surface and a screwthread formed on that part of the head which liesaround the end of the cylinder, the cylinder head being formed of a metal having a coeflicient of expansion difl'erent from that of the metal of which thecylinder is formed; and an annular member internally coned and screwthreaded and engaging the coned and 'screwthreaded part of the head wholly spaced thereby fromthe cylinder and formed of a metal having substantially the same coefficient of expansion as that ofwhich the cylinder is formed.

6.-',In an-air-cooled cylinder for internal combustion engines, the combination of an open-ended cylinder,- a cylinder head screwed on to one end of the cylinder and having a coned surface and a screwthread formed on that part ofthe head which lies around the end of the cylinder, the cylinder head being open-ended cylinder, a cylinder head fitting on to and enclosing one end of the cylinder and having separate coned and screwthreaded portions on that part of the cylinder head.

which lies around the end of the cylinder, the cylinder head being formed of'a metal having a coeflicient of expansion difierent from that of the metal of which the cylinder is formed, and an annular member screwthreaded internally and having a coned part adapted to engage the coned part of the head when the annular member is screwed onto the head, the annular memberbeing1 completely spaced from the cylinder by t inderhead and formed of a metal having substantially the same coefiicient of expansion as that of which the cylinder is formed. 8. In an air-cooled cylinder for internal combustion engines, thecombination of an on to one end of the cylinder and having on that part of the cylinder head which lies around the end of thecylinder, the cylinder head being eflicient 0 expansion difierent from that of e cyl- 7 'open-ended cylinder, a cylinder head screwed separate coned and screwthreaded portions formed of a metal having a cothe metal of which the cylinder is formed 7 and an annular member screwthreaded interua-Ily and having-a coned part adapted to engage the coned part of the head. when the annular member is screwed on to the head,

the annular member being formed of the 7 same metal as'the cylinder and completely spaced thereby from 'the cylinder head.

9. In 'an air-cooled cylinder for internal combustion engines, the combination of an open-ended steelcylinder, an aluminium cylinder head screwed on to one end of the cylinder and having a coned surface and a screwthread formed on that part of the head which lies around the end of the cylinder, and an annular member formed of steel and internally coned and screwthreaded to fit only on the coned and screwthreaded part of the head.

In testimony whereof I have 'signedmy name to thls specification.

' GEORGE SHAKESPEARE WILKINSON.