US1530805A - Quenching apparatus - Google Patents

Description

March24, 1925. '1,530,805

J. G.- AYERS Qusucnrus APPARATUS Filed March 14, 1924 41 f l 39 y uml* 1,

Patented Mar. 24, 1925.y

UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE# JOSEPH G. AYERS, IVIONTCLAIR,` NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T GENERAL-MOTORS CORPORATION, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

QUENCHING APPARATUS.

To all 107mmit may concern.'

Be it known that I, JOSEPH G. Ariens, a v

` citizen of the United States, residing at Montclair, county of Essex, State of New Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful Quenching Apparatus, of which the fol-` apparatus for clamping hollow` articles such as rings or sleeves during a quenching operation.

In the manufacture of race rings for rol-` ler bearings, it is customary to confine the hot work pieces on a suitably shaped core or plug to prevent'distortion of the Work pieces while quenching in a bath of cooling fluid. If such plugs are of a diameter to` just fit the hot work pieces, they can not l be inserted with facility and, if they are small, they do not properly support the work pieces during the quenching operation. It has been proposed to expand a member within the work pieces but suoli fixtures have not had a sufficiently large outer lsurface to hold the work against distortion nor have they maintained the proper shape during all positions of expansion.

It is an object of this einventiomtherefore, to provide an apparatus which will avoid the above and other disadvantages. In accordance with one feature, a solid core in the form yof a pyramid or frustum of a pyramid cooperates with a series of outer sections having correspondingly inclined flat faces fitting the pyramidal faces,'the sections presenting a substantially continuous outer holding surface which is ex-` panded within the work'by relative sliding movement of the flat faces upon one-another.

f In the illustrated construction, the sections are moved longitudinally on the pyramidal faces by cooperating; cam members and the cylindrical surface maintains its `shape in all positions of adjustment.

To these ends and also to improve generally upon devices of the character inydicated` my invention consists in the, various ymatters hereinafter described and claimed.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation of the quenching apparatus. Figure 2 vis a front elevation ofthe core.

Figure 3 is an end view of thecore. I

Figures and 5 are, respectively, a front and a side view'of'one of the clamping sections.

j Figureis an end view of. two adjacent clamping members looking at their larger ends.

Figure 7 is a modification partly broken away and in section.

The numeralv 10 designates a support which can be raised and loweredto carry the apparatus into and out ofv a bath of liquid `to quench an article. `A vertically extending shaft 12 is fastened to the `supportlO by a set screw 14 andto take the upward thrust to which the shaft is subjected in operation, a nut 16 is threadednon the lower end of the shaft and abuts against a washer on the underside ofthelsupport 10. The upper end of the shaft has a reduced `threaded portiony 18 which screws into an g opening in the small end of. a core 20, 'the y core preferably being substantiallyv of the form. of aV frustum of j a pyramid, herein shown as having eight fiat pyramidal faces 22. The flat faces are relieved at intervals as indicated at 24 by means of peripheral cuts, thus reducing the area of the flatk faces on which clamping members, to be hereinafter referred to, mayslide easily. Extending longitudinally at each pyramidal face 22 is a keyway or slot 26 arranged to receive a longitudinal key 32 projecting from an inclined iat face 30 on an outer clamping section 28 to guide the latter for longitudinal movement. .Theclamping sections are of substantially sectoral form at their larger ends and of substantially segmental form at their smaller ends-and their outer surfaces form a substantially continuous cylindrical faceto grip the interior of a hollow` article. In Figure 1, the sections 28 are shown in their fully expanded positions in which they are slidupwardly as far as they will go upon the central core. By the use of a pyramidal core and complemental Hat faces on the clamping sections, the sections present a true cylindrical surface in all positions of expansion. Moreover, contact of the quenching fluid with the interiorsurface of the article can be prevented when it is not desirable to harden thatv surface.

lAt the wider' ends of theclamping sections, there are extensions 34 extending parallel to the axis of the core andsurrounding the 'shaft l2. Each clamping section has a series of slots 36 in its periphery to receive split spring rings 38 which tend *to collapse the sections and force them towards the core when they are moved' to' the small end of the latter. At their upper ends,.the sections are recessed as at '40 to receive a flange 39 onan upper retaining ring which "is sleeved over a cylindrical extension 41 on the core, the ring being retained on the core by a disc 42 fastened on the extension 41 by a screw. rllhe larger ends'of the sections extend into an opening in a;lower limit ring 44 and the bases ofthe sections Arest against a ring enters a circular recess in the lower limitring. -fThe ring 46 may be fastened to or be an integral flange on a rotary member 48 having an operating handle 50. Fixed to the underside of the member 48 and surrounding the shaft 12, is a cam member 52 arranged to cooperate with a relatively ixed cam member 54 formed on acollar 56 secured to the support 10. A limit pin 58 fixed to the rotary member 48 engages another limit pin 60 on the collar 56 and limits the swinging movement of the rotary member. At their upper ends, the clamping members are chamfered or beveled as at 62 to facilitate slipping a hollow article over them. When the article is to be hardened on. the inside as well as the outside, longitudinal or helical grooves (not shown) are formed in the outer surfaces of the clamping members and these grooves communicate with radial slots 64 in the lower limit ring 44 so that liquid which enters the longitudinal grooves when the apparatus is lowered into the liquid, can flow out under the hollow article, through the radial slots, when the apparatus is raised.

In operation, the heat treated sleeve or ring is slipped down over the clamping sections when thelatter are in their contractedpositions. Then the h andle --is turned to the position shown in Figure 1 whereby the cooperating lam members 52 and 54 cause the member 48 and its integral ring 46 to be elevated against the bases of the clamp-y ing sections 28 andthe latter are moved longitudinally of the core, their flat faces 30 being guided along the faces 22 of the core by the keys 82. This expands the sections and grips 'the work. The fixture, in-- cluding the support 10, i's then lowered into the quenching liquidl and when the article is quenched the fixture is raised. The handle' 46 which i wardly towardsthe corel in readiness to receive another article. By removing the split spring rings 38 and raising the upper limit ring39, the clamping sections can be removed and replaced by others.

In the form shown in Figure 7, there is shown a core'havin'g pyramidal 'faces 70 engaged by complemental faces on a series of clamping sections 72 which are retained and pressed towards the core by split spring rings 74. Integral with, or attached to, th(` larger end of thefcore is a screw 76 cooperating with interior threads on a nut 78 having a turning handle 80 and rotatable in an annular recess 82 in va base 84. A shaft 86 extends upwardly through the base, through the screw and core and is provided at the ends with washers and nuts to hold the parts together. An upper limit ring 88 is sleeved on lthe shaft also and has a downwardly extending circular flange engaging shoulders on the clamping sections to limit their outward movement. A lower lirnit ring 90 surrounds the lower ends of the' clamping sections and rests 'on a locking ring 92 having a key slot 94 to receive a locking key passed through any one of a series of radially extending slots in. the base member.

In the operation ofthe modification, the turning of `the handle 80 and the nut 78 elevates the screw and the core along the shaft l86 and causes the clamping sections to be spread to the position shown. Moving the handle in the other direction depresses the core which slides Adownwardly on the shaft 86 and the sections are then collapsed by. means of the spring rings.

Although the invention has been described by reference to specific constructions, it should be understood that, in its broader' aspects, it is not necessarily limited to the illustrative embodiments thereof.

I claim:

l. In a quenching apparatus, a core having a series of outer pyramidal faces, a series ofclamping sections having inner pyramidal faces', the clamping sections providing a substantially continuous outer clamping surface, and means for causinga` relative longitudinal movement between the core and the clamping sections; substantially as described. t

"2. In a quenching. apparatus, a core having a series of outer pyramidal faces, a series of clamping sections having inner pyramidal faces, the clamping sections forming a substantially continuous cylindrical surface and means for causing a relative movement of the core and the clamping sections; substantially as describedv 3. In a quenchingapparatus, a core in the form of a frustum of` a pyramid, a plurality of complemental outer sections each having an inclined flat face fitting one of the fiat faces of the frustum, and means for relatively moving the frustum and the sections; substantially as described.

4. In a quenching apparatus, a core in the form of a frustum of a pyramid, a plurality of complemental outer sections each having an inclined flat face fitting one of the flat faces of the frustum, said outer sections presenting a substantially continuous outer surface, to enter a hollow article, and means for relatively moving the frustum and the sections to spread the latter; substantially as described.

Ina quenching apparatus, a core in the form of a frustum of a pyramid, a plu-- rality of complemental outer sections each having an outer groove and an inclined fiat face fitting one of the flat faces of the frustum, and a spring ring fitting in the grooves ofthe sections to hold them together; sub'- stantially as described.

6. In apparatus of the character described, a core in the form of a frustum of a pyramid, a plurality of complemental outer sections each having an inclined flat face fitting one of the flat faces of the frustum, means for guiding the outer sections along the faces of the frustum, and means for causing a relative movement of the frustum and the sections; substantially as described.

7. In apparatus of the character described, a core in the form of a frust'um of a pyramid, a plurality of complemental outer sections each having an inclined flat face slidable on one of the flat faces of the frustum, means for guiding the outer sections along the faces of the frustum, means for pressing the sections toward a center, and means for spreading the sections;`sub stantially as described.

8. In apparatus of the character described, a core in the form of a frustum of a pyramid, a plurality of complemental outer sections each having an inclined liat face slidable on one of the flat faces .of the frustum, longitudinal keys between the faces of the frustum and the outer sections,

and means for sliding the sections along the frustum; substantially as described.

9. In apparatus of the character de- 1 scribed, a core having a plurality of fiat in- 1 clined faces, a plurality of complemental outer sections having inclined fiat faces fi`tting the flat faces of the core, said outer sections being of sectoral form and presentn ing a substantially continuous outer surface, and means for relatively moving the core and the sections; substantially as described. 10. In apparatus of the character described, acore in the form of a frustum of a pyramid, a plurality of outer sections each having an inclined flat face fitting one of the flat faces of the frustum, and cam members associated With the core and the sections for relatively moving them along their inclined fiat faces; substantially as described.

. l1. In apparatus of the character de scribed, a core having a plurality of flat inclined faces, a plurality of complemental outer sections having inclined flat faces fittingthe flat faces of the core, a cam member fixed with' respect to the core, and a secondcam member engaging the first cam member and the outer sections to spread the latter; substantially as described.

' 12. In apparatus of the character described, a core in the form of a frustum of a pyramid, a plurality o-f outer sections each having an inclined flat face fittino one of the flat faces of the frustum, a shaft eX- tending from the frustum, a cam member Xed Withrespect to the shaft, and a cam member loose on the shaft and movablethereon to spread the sections; substantially as described.

13. In apparatus of the character described, a core in the form of a frustum of a pyramid, a plurality of outer sections each having an inclined flat face fitting. one of the flat faces of the frustum, a shaft connected to the small end of the frustum, a cam member fixed with respect to the shaft, and a cam member slidable and rotatable on the shaft to slide thekouter sections along the core; substantially as described.

14. In apparatus of the character described, an elevating support,va shaft enn tending upwardly from the support, a frustum of a pyramid attached at its small end to the shaft, a plurality of outer sections each having an inclined flat face slidable along one of the flat faces of the frustum, means for holding the sections together, and meansy for sliding the sections longitudinally; substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature. f

` JOSEPH G. AYERS.

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