US1529633A - Hydraulic apparatus - Google Patents

Description

March l0. 1925. 1,529,633

F. NAGLER HYDRAULI C APPARATUS Filed March 27, 1922 Patented Mar. 10, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT FFE.

FORREST NAGLER, OF WAUWATOSA, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR' TO ALLIS-CHALMEBS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, VISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

HYDRAULIC APPARATUS.

To all whomv t may concern:

Be it known that FoRRssT NAGLER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Tauwatosa, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, has invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Hydraulic Apparatus, of which the following is a specitication.

This invention relates in general to improvements in the art ot converting hydraulic eergy, and relates more specifically to improvements in the construction, arrangement and operation of hydraulic inachines such as hydraulic turbines and pumps.

An object of the invention is to provide an improved hydraulic machine which is simple in construction and efiicient in operation. Another object of the invention is to provide an improved arrangement, setting or association of a plurality of hydraulic turbines whereby a Hume of minimum width may be utilized. A further object of the invention is to provide simple and eiicient means for propelling centrifugal and similar hydraulic pumps. Another object of the invention is to provide a high-speed high pressure turbine driven pump in which the turbine and pump are direct connected and wherein the use of speed change gearing is unnecessary. Still another object of the invention is to provide a turbine driven pump unit in which a` common source of fluid supply is available to both the pumps and the turbines. A further object of the invention is to provide for automatic balancing in turbine installations. These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description.

A clear vconception of an embodiment of the invention and of the operation of devices constructed in accordance therewith, may be had by referring to the drawing accompanying and forming a part of this specilication, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts in the several views.

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a turbine driven pump installation.

Fig. 2 is a part sectional side elevation of a turbine driven pump installation.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged end View ot the turbine inlet structure.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged transverse vertical section through the turbine inlet structure.

Serial No. 546,995.

The hydraulic installation shown in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises in general a plurality of axial-How high-speed turbine impellers 2 mounted upon a common horizontal shaft 3 directly connecting the impellers 2 with a plurality of high-speed double-suction centrifugal pump impellers 22 which are also mounted upon the shaft 3. The turbine impellers 2 are of the purely axial llow type having relatively high specific speed. such impeller being illustrated and claimed in copending application, Serial No. 197,964, tiled Oct. 20, 1917. Each of the turbine i1upellers 2 receives its supply of actuating fluid through a purely axial iiow conduit formed by the casing 28 which comprises an inlet portion 4 and a discharge portion 5. The casings 23 of the impellers 2 are oppositely directed and communicate with a common chamber or source 10 of Huid supply and with a common discharge or tailrace 12. This arrangement produces automatic balancing of the axial pressures on the shaft 3 induced by the impellers 2.

The inlet portion 4 of each casing 2?), shown in detail in Figs. 3 and 4. comprises a trumpet shaped annular wall 19, a hub 21 located centrally within the wall 19. and a plurality of stationary guide vanes 18 rigid ly uniting the wall 19 and the hub 21. 'lhc vanes 18 of each casing portion 4 are spaced axially from the adjacent impeller 2 so as to form a vane free transition space 20 be tween the guide vanes 18 and the impelier 2, in which space 20 the whirling fluid is permitted to assume a natural whirling motion in order to avoid impact or shock upon entry of the stream to the impellcr The cross-section of the guide vanes at their medial portions, is substantially as indicated in the lower half of Fig. 4. the vanes it# br ing axially directed at their inlet portion and having their discharge portions inclined oppositely to the direct ion of inclination ot' the adjacent impeller vaines. The hub 2t provides a bearing for the main shaft il directly adjacent to each of the ilnjfwllcrsy 1,?.

These discharge casing portions 5 are like wise trumpet shaped as indicated, and are directed toward a vertical. wall (i separating and forming part of the decelerators through which the fluid is delivered from the axiall)Y spaced impellers 2. The wall 6 and casings 23 are supported by a hood or wall 17 which separates the common supply l() from the t] Vi tailrace l2. rl`he. common inlettlumeor supe pliv 1t) is relativ-ehv narrovv and receives Huid from the penstock it when the gate 11 is raisefh the gate 11 servingr as the sole means tor controlling deliverv ot' Huid to the turbine impelleis i. A liv-pass connecting tho penstocl It ivith the tail racc 1L is normally closed bv means oi a pute valve lti.

Thrl punipim;` apparatus oomprises a pair of doul'ile-suction centrifugal pump inipellers-" arranged to receive tluid in series. The impeller ol' the loiv pressure pump T receives tluid through the. suction pipe 123 directly from the. commonsource 1D of Huid supply, and delivers tluid through au inter mediate pipo 11 to the impeller Q2 ot' the high pressure pump t1. The high pressure pump may deliver. the tiuid to other.l pumpstapes or may deliver the fluid through a discharge pipe l5.

During normal operationi ot the installation, the-gate valve lt is closed and the gate 11 is opened allowing Huid to enter from the penstock il and to suhstantiallvv till the com monsupply chamber ttt. From the suppl)v chzunlior 111 iluid is tree to enter thel impel.- lers 2 in opposite axial dii-rations through the spat-es betiveen the guide varies 1S and through thc tiwinsition .spaces 2U in advance of the iinpcllers 2. The tluid passingV the guide vanos 1S is therebv caused to ivhirl and passes through the transition spaces 20 :ind through the impellers 2 in the form ot' axiallv advancing whirling streams. The tluid delivered from the nnpcllers L retains some ot its whirling;` motion and travels, :iltumvthe .lischarge portions 5 until it eventualliY impini:` s against the .pl'iosite sides ot" theI ivall C wherculion the liuid is delict-ted outxvardl)v and is suhstantiallv eompletelv tlecelel'atctl. The decelerated fluid drops ls)r gravit)Y into the tailracc 12 trom whence it Hows by gravit)Y in the usual manner.

The tiui-d in passing through the turbine impellens 2 imparts rotation to the shaftA 2 and to the pump impellers 22 mounted upon.

this shaft, The rotating,r pump impellcrs if. withdraw fluid from tho common suppl)Y chamber lO through the pipes 13. l-l and deliver thisI Huid under ctmsiderable pressure through the discharge pipe 15. It will he obvious that instead of connecting the siii;-

lion pipe 13 to the supply chamber l0, this. pipe mapv he connected to any` other sourcev of tliirtlsupply such :is the tail-race 12, but` sucha connection would require the provi-` sion of pump priming meansiu'hich are` not. necessary when the chamber, lo is utilizeitns a supply source.

It will be notedl that the arrangement of the turbine impellens 2 and theinlet and discharge conduits tlreol, :is illustrated, provides an installation which is exceedingly` compact and simple, the tompactness.being the. result. of admitting the tluid to the iiupellers. in axial directions. and tho siniplicitv being due to the elimination ot ooinplicated regulatinr and other mechanism. By utilizingturbine impellers 2 havingA high characteristics or specitic speeds, the cen- 70 trit'ugal pump impellers 22 ma)r be directly connected to the turbine impellcr shat't. and

a pump having high characteristic spr-ids maP he utilized. Such` arrangement eliminatesI the necessity of providing complicated 75 end thrust balancing and regulating"A means as the impelleiis balance eacliiother and are always subjected to ai constant loadi thus eliminatingr danger` of attaining runau'ay speeds. The direct connection; also elimi- 30 mites the use ot' inetticient tizansmissionigtearf ing suchas is necessaryx` when driving:y highspeed liic'li-iiires-xure centrifugal pumpswith they ordinaro7 Francis turbines, Bvconnecb ing the' pump suction pipe .13 to the uommoni S5 supply. chamber 1D, special priming of the". pumps is unnecessary and the. entireinstullation is freely accessil'ile when` the mann inlet lgate 1,1 is olosed. The invention is applicable t0 Vertical or inclined slm ft units 90 and to other than. turbine driven pump installations.

It should he understood that it is noti de. siredto limit the, invention to the exact details of construction and of operation herein, 95 shown and described for obvious moditications within the scope of the claimsy mayy occur to persons skilled in the, art.,

It is claimed and desired to securebyA Letters Patent.: 1""

1. In combinution, an impeller, tlirouirhy which Huid flows in an axial direction only. means formingr an inlet, conduit of g'lulu-y allv decreasingr cross sectional area ap-` proachinf,r said, impeller, stationanv guide i W5 vanes spanning` and projecting axially. be-l vond the portion of said conduit having: greatest cross sectional arca, and meanst'orniine; a discharge conduit of gradually increasing cross sectional areavrecedingr from ll" said impeller.

t?. In combination, an impeller through which fluid flows in au a.\ial .lircction,only, means formingT an inlet conduit of gradually' tlit'zreslsilit crosssectiionfll, :1re-a1 {tpll'l prout-hing' said. impoller. statiouauv guide varies spanninj,T and projet-tine4 axially ho- `vond the pontion ot said. conduit, having` greatest cross sectitinaluiremsaid guide vanos having inlet. guidinjr.r surfaces lying in l "l planes parallel to the axisot' said impeller and having discharge guiding surfaces l'ving in planes intersecting said axis. and means forming a discharge conduit 1to1-adually. increasingcross sectional. area reced- 5 ingr from said` impeller.

2). In conibination` an impeller through which tluid tions in an axial direction .only means forming an inlet conduit of gradually decreasing croi-s sectional area, approaching lit" said iinpeller, stationary guide vvanes spanning and projecting axially beyond the p0rtion of said conduit having greatest cross sectional area, said guide vanes being spaced from said ilnpeller and said conduit being free from obstructions at said space, and means forming a discharge conduit of gradually increasing cross sectional area receding from said impcller.

4. In combination, an iinpeller through which fluid flows in an axial direction only, means forn'iing an inlet conduit of gradually decreasing cross sectional area communicating with said impeller, stationary guide Yanes spanning the portion of said conduit haviiw greatest cross sectional area and spaced from said impeller, said guide vanes having inlet guiding surfaces lying in planes substantially parallel to the aXiS of Said impeller and having discharge guiding surfaces lying in planes intersecting said axis and said conduit being free from obstructions between said vanes and said in'ipeller, and a flow decelerator coinlnunicating with. the discharge of said inipeller.

In testimony whereof, the signature of the inventor is aiiiXed hereto.

FORREST NAGLER.

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