US1529456A

US1529456A - Hydraulic turbine

Info

Publication number: US1529456A
Application number: US485522A
Authority: US
Inventors: William M White
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1921-07-18
Filing date: 1921-07-18
Publication date: 1925-03-10
Anticipated expiration: 1942-03-10

Description

March 10, 1925- W. M. WHITE HYDRAULI C TURB INE Filed July 18, 1921 v Be-it known that WILLIAM Patented Mar. 10, 1925.

PATENT OFFICE.

Wm H. WHITE, OI IQIILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

HYDRAULIC TURBINE.

I Application filed July 18, 1921. Serial No. 485,522.

To all whom it may concern:

a citizen of the United States, residing at "Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, hasinvented a certain new and useful Improvement in Hydraulic Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates in general to improvements in the art of constructing hydraulic machinery, and relates more specifically to an improved hydraulic machine structure and to an improved method of manufacturing hydraulic impellers.

An object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic machine which is simple in constructlon and efficient in operation. An-

other object of the invention -is to provide an improved method of manufacturing im- Lpellers for hydraulic machines. A further object of the invention is to provide simple and eflicient means for preventing destruction of hydraulic impellers by pitting or wear, and for effecting repair ofpitted or worn impellers. These and other objects and advantages of the presentinvention will be apparent from the following description.

It has been found desirable in the art of converting hydraulic energy into useful work, to operate the rotors or impellers at relativelyigh speed. In order to insure suflicient strength in impellers of hydraulic machines operable at high speed, it is desirable to construct the impeller of one piece,

that-is, with the hub, vanes and rim formed' integral. The efiicient operation of hydraulic machines at highspeed also necessitates formation of the hydraulic passages between impeller vanes, of such shape thatpitting or wear occurs at local. spots ,on the leading vane faces near the discharge end of the impeller, and is likely to occur at places where eddies may form. The pitting is sometimes augmented by the presence of sand and gravel in the water and generally occurs" at substantially the same place on each of the successive impeller vanes.

In order to-avoid necessity of replacing an entire impeller or the vanes thereof, due to pitting or wear, the present invention contemplates the -prov1sion of simple and eflicient means for appreciably eliminating pitting of the turbine vanes and for permitting rapid repair of pitted impellers in cases .-.where tplitting cannot be entirely eliminated.

With

e present invention the impeller is M. Wears,

recesses. When pitting or wear occurs in v be qickly and conveniently repaired at minimum cost, and with minimum loss of operating time.

A clear conception of an embodiment of the invention and of the improved method of manufacturing impellers, may be'had by referring to the drawing accompanying and forming a part of this specification in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts in the several views;

Fig; 1 is a central vertical section through a hydraulic turbine impeller of the Francis type, showing local wear plates applied to the vanes. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary bottom view of the hydraulic impeller provided with local wear plates, looking at the delivery end of the impeller.

Fig. 3 is a developed vertical section through-the impeller vanes and the wear an impeller so constructed, the impeller may plates, the section being taken along theline as specifically applied to a Francis type of impellerit will be obvious that the principles are more generally applicable to other types of hydraulic impellers. The Francis impeller'comprises in general a central hub 2, an annular series of vanes 3 formed integral with the hub 2, and. an outer rim 4 secured to the outer extremities ofthe vanes 3. The one-piece im eller is preferably formed by casting an the hub 2 is bored for attachment to a main shaft 5. The hub 2 has a generally conical. contour whereby. the water is properly ided throfi h the impeller, and the end 0 the hub 2 adjacent to the impeller discharge may be provided with a removable cap 6 as shown. Each of the impeller vanes 3 is curved and is provided wit tapered discharge end 10 of the nnpeller.

a local recess havmg' Located within each of the recesses of the impeller vanes 3, is a wearing plate 7 the outer surface of which is flush with the adjacent surface of the vane 3 thus forming a smooth surface for guiding the water. The weal-plates 7 may be attached to the ,rectly into the vane recesses.

vanes 3 either with the aid of cap screws 9 as shown, or by riveting, or by spot welding, or by caulking, or by casting the metal di- The wear plates 7 may also be formed either of the same or of different material than that of the impeller vanes. It may in some cases be desirable to form the impeller. vanes of cast iron and to employ steel or bronze Wear plates. The recesses in the vanes 3, may also belocated at various places and each vane may if desired be provided with more than one recess and wear plate 3 therein depending upon the impeller design.

3 thereof, are preferably formed by casting, the wear plates 7 being subsequently a plied. The wear plates should, however,

made readily detachable, in orderto permit rapid and convenient renewal thereof. By

thus forming the impeller and the wear plates, the cost of repair of the impeller is reduced to a minimum and minimum loss of operating time of the unit is entailed by such repair. By embedding the wear plates Within the impeller vanes, these plates may be effectively secured against dis lacement by centrifugal force and smooth hydraulic tendencyof pitting is slight, the wear plates may be'fiermanently secured to. the impeller vanes, t e plates being formed of maternal capable of more readily resisting the pitting action. v

It should be understood that it is not desired to limit the present invention to the exact details of the structure and of the method of manufacturing impellers, herein shown anddescribed, for various modifications within the scope of the appended claims may occur to persons skilled in the art. 1

It is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a hydraulic turbine, an impeller comprising-a series of vanes each having a face subjected to liquid pressure and having an opposite face subjectedto suction during normal operation of the turbine, each of e said vanes being initially formed with a The impeller and the recesses in the vanes.

local' recess in its suction face at the discharge end of the pressure face of an adjacent vane, and a renewable wear plate secured'to each of said vanes within said recess. 7 p

2. In a hydraulic turbine, an impeller having ahub and a series of vanes formed integral with said hub, each of said vanes having a, face subjectedtoliquid pressure and having an opposite face subjected to I suction during normal operation of the tu1'-' bine and each of said vanes being. initially formed vwith a local recess in-its suction face at the discharge end 'of the. pressure face of an adjacent vane, and aren'ewable wear plate secured to each ofsaid vanes' within said recess and having awearing surface substantially flush with the adjacent suction face of the vane. s In testimopxwhereof, the signature of the inventor is 'ed' hereto. Y

WILLIAM M. WHITE;