US1522880A - Steam-boiler furnace - Google Patents

Description

Jan, 13. 1925.

w. GRIFFm-s STEAM BOILERy FURNACE ari Jan, 13. 1925. l 1,522,880

W. GRIFFITHS STEAM BOILER FURNACE FiledAJa. 5. 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 .llllllllPl'lnllllLlfl f INVENTOR mi Graffz'is BY y ATTORNEY wgmmmmm J'an, 13. y1925. A mams@ W. GRIFFTHS STEAM BOILER FURNACE Fild'Jm. 5. 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 rfi Y 7'0 da y 69 ATTORNE Y .4, of this type;-to', save coal, and reduce to' a. minimum, if ,not entirely,- tho additional ezel f pense oflabor in l,making.repairs in the brickwork, and to vreduce..the expens''iof mate= rialV to. a minimum; to. provide a boiler-setj in Patented ne. 13, ,1925.1V 'g UNIT-ED STATE-sf VParnrrr orrlcs.

' WALTER emr-mns, or mvnannnn, New Yoim.

' STEAM-BOILER. FURNACE.'

Appiieaton ledinuary 5, 1923. serial No. 610,835.

Be it known that I, WALTER .GRIFFITHS, u citizen of the United States, l'eSding Lat Riverhead, v'i 5 uli` lk lCounty, and State of New York, have' invented certain new and useful Improvements in SteaInsBoilerFurnaces, of which the following is vaspecilication.

'lhis invention relates tosteam boiler :furnaces of the` type in which 'preheated air is used to promote combusticnfand some ofi the objects thereof are-.to provdefa furnace arch which is..adapte d'fto"expand andoontract under'the action of heat and cold with out any bricks4 of the arch moving from theiroriginal position, aS from excessive heat yand cooling oiv of same,'vas,1n previous liulnaces f ting which.facilitatesu the burning. of the gases are properly mixed with tlf'i'e. oxygen of-"thehinrushing air andere substantially entirely`- conslnned;A jand ,y to so conduct the boilersetting as `tofprevent any cold air from entering the furnaceor smoke dues, thereby increasing the eficiencyof' the fuel jused and preserving the material` which is usedin the setting.

These being amongtheobjets ofi'tlliefpres-g ent invention, the same consists of "certain features ofconstructlon and combinations of parts tobe hereinafter described and then claimed withreference to the accompanying drawings illustrating one embodimentof the invention, and in which A Fig. 1 is aside elevation of .the furnace, partly in`section,'and.parts broken away, the outer brick wall being Shown at-several places, audtheboiler being shown 'indctted' lines', also the partitions in the air Vspaces of thefurnace arch, thelower part ofthe furnace being shown in section on the-line I-I, Fig. el; y. i i I' Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line lL-II of Fig. 1 looking forward;

Fig. 3 is ahorizontal section, parts being 'broken away, on the -line IIL-Ill of Fig. 2 looking downwardly;

Fig. 4- is a horizontal section on the line base 21 ofthe furnace may be of concrete or y other, 'suitable construction and provided with clean-out pits, and upon said lfoundatiouis supported massive arch-supporting sections l22, 255 ofthe-boiler-setting. These arch-supporting. sections comprise two,'at each\ side wall of the furnace, each of them .made of one piece of fire-bricknr the like toextend the entire length of the furnace,

or it'may be 'preferred tomake them in a number of pieces and cemented together end Uponthe arch-supporting sections 22, 23,

the furnace arch 24 is supported,and the yrearfinner wall of'the furnace .may beA con- `structed in a similar manner of similar firev-.brick'or the like. The outer walls 25 of the furnace may be constructed of fire-brick, -or ordln'ary brick, at the sides and the back of the furnace, and between the outer walls and the `furnace arch 24 are placed ordinary vbrick 'cemented together forming f intermediate walls 26. The furnace is furthermore provided with a front plate 27 of cast vmetal and a metallic top plate 28, these being' provided with suitable openings for doors, damper handles, ete. Front plate 27 'is provided with an opening which is adapted to be closed by lire-door 29, while below the-fire-cl1amber Athere is an ash-pit 30, the two being separated by a Suitable grate 31.

A front wall 32 of fire-brick is built up back of the' front plate 27, and thisQwall is supported upon' a fire-door arch 33 ex.- tending from side to side of the furnace and supported upon the side walls of the furnace arch 24,.'it being composed of suitable-fireproof material, as, for insta-nce, ordinary fire-brick. Within the furnace arch 24 the ledges 35 of fire-proof material, said boiler 'tubular boiler 34 is set upon supportinghavin customary tubes 36. The staclg 37 and' t c steam line 38 may be of ordlnary )construction for respectively .discharging products of combustion, and steam to he 5 used. Details will now be described.

The furnace arch 24 is of special construction, and is built' up from hollow 'fire-bricks,z as shown more fully in Figs. 2 and 3. Each ,V spaces 41 which a're formedwithin the fnrl nace' arch by the hollows of each {ire-brick which have connectin heat-radiating portions 42. These iirerick partitions are preferably laid and cemented into the posi- .tion best shown in Figs, 4'1and'6, that is to 25 say,'^some of them are so set 31.5 t0 eXtenfl UP- wardly, while others are set t0 extend longitudinally of the furnace arch, while the vertical lines of partitions are joined. with horizontal lines ofpartitions at corners, as

best shown in Fig. 1. During theconstruction of the furnace arch, partitions are built up therein so as to provide at each Sid@ Of the arch, as shown in Fig. 6, a partition 52, whichextends vertically of the arch, and

longitudinally thereof substantially in L. shape, the partitions52 thus being located.

at opposite sides of the fire-chamber1 as are also L- haped partitions 53, each of which is of greater scope than the partition 52, 40 that is, its vertical portion is spaced away from the'partition 52 so as to be nearer the rear end of the furnace, while the longitudinal portion thereof is /s'paccd away' from the partition 52 so as to be 1oz-ated nearer to the crown 0f the furnace arch. Likewise, from similar partition-members of fire,- brick, longitudinal partitions 54, 55 and 56 are laid in the crown of the arch. It will be understood that Fig-is schematic, or 50 rather, a development of the furnace arch in a horizontal piane in order to more lucidly depict the manner inrivhich the .said partitions are built in to the air spaces of the furnace arch. These partitions will-be rcferred to in detail as to their function later entering the stack are deflected and guided therein'to by the upper rear arch 58.

' Referring to Fig. 5, it will be seen that the front plate 27 ofthe furnace is provided at each side of the fire-door. 29 wlth air- inlet openings 59, 60, 61, 62, 63 and 64. The said air-inlets admit air for preheating .in the furnace before it is fed to the fire to support combustion. Preferably, the air-inlets 59'to 64 are so arranged that there is a vertical row of two each, as 59, 60, `at opposite .sides of the fire-door, while beyond these are two vertical rows of inlets61, 62, 63, 64.

Referrin more particularly to Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 6, eac of the arch-supporting sections 22, 23 is provided with. longitudinal passages 65,66, 67, 68, 69,70, and these are'so 'arranged in said sections that when the latter are set in positionJ said passages will register with 'the air-inlets 59 to 64 inclusive. Preferably, and to facilitate the molding andthe assembling of the arch supportingsections, they are made in two pairs, with each section 22 having an open longitudinal channel in one face, and each lsection 23 with .four open longitudinal channels in one face; When the lower parts 'of the boiler-setting are built, the sections 22, 23, at each side of the setting, will have the open sides-of the channels closed; the channels 65 in sections 22 having their open sides closed by the walls of the sections 23, and the sections 23' having the open sides of their channels closed by Ithe masonry at the outer sides of said sections 23. Forming the passages in this Way, better enables the longsections 22,

extending. the full length of thefurnace. The air passages 66, 67 lead to the transverse passages 71, 72 in the fire-door arch 33, so that these passages 71, 72 communicate with air-inlets 60, 61 at both sides ofthe furnace, while the transverse passages 71, 72 are provided with jet-orifices 73, which are directedrearwardly into the fire-chamber. It will be observed that-the hot material of the archsupporting sections and the furnacev arch, togather with the factthat the passages 66, 67, partially intersect the fire-chamber, will assist in pre-heating the air which is led into tl1e` fire-chamber through the jet-orifices 73. The rear face of the fire-door arch 33 is provided with a recess 74, in which are located the jet-orifices 73, so that these are protected from the fuel in the fire-chamber. The recess 74 provides an overhang a vve the jet-orifices, which dcficcls a spray of preheated air downwardly and away from the Vmetal surface of the boiler, thus protecting the boiler against burning out.

At the back ot the fire-chamber there is a fire-brid e 75 of fire-proof Ainalcrial, and it is provi ed with'transverse passages 76, 77, fromwhich lead jet-orifices 78, which are elocatedfbeneath an overhang 79 of the fire- 23 to be made if desired in block-like'form' orifices.

bridge for the purposeof protecting the 'et- The transverse passages z 7 g, in

' the fire-bridge connect with side passages 65 which lead from air-inlets y59 at both sides' of the furnace, as best shown in Figs. 2 and 4. It is of course obvious that the passages 65 are longer than the passages 66, 67and 'that they will sufficiently preheat the .air

which issues in jets from the lirebridge orifices 78 to' further facilitate combustion, as this preheated air will come in contact with the flames as they pass over the fire-bridge. The spray of preheated airfy from 'the firebridge will be deiiected byl the overhang thereof away from the boiler, -and as the flame will 'thus be somewhat lifted by thel said spray, and as the spray from lthe jet .The function of the rations within the 4furnace arch will -now e-described,-This is best illustrated from Figs. 1 and 6. At each? 3. side of the-furnace arch.. transversely restricted compartments' or longitudinal passages 80 are formed by the partitions52, 'and to the compartments 80.lc.'ad the pafs'sage's- 68 inv the arch-supporting sectidns 22,5123, the connection' between them being located at a distance back of the-passageswhich'j lead to i 68 ande the fire-door arch. These compartments 80 are located at each side ofthe, fire-chamber. and the airtherein will be prelieated At the point of juncture between'each passage the compartment 80, `but.within the lower rear corner of the compartment 80, thereis arrangeda perforated airsdistributor 81,` preferably formed of fire-brick and the function of this air-distributofrl is to spray the air within the compartment 5 80 and '1 to deflect it away from the 'rectangular corner of the partition 52. The partitions 53 at each side of the furnace. arch,togetherl with the partitions 52, provide restricted air- -compartments 82 which extend around the rear ends-and tops ofthe smaller'. compartments 80.` As these restricted compartments '82extend nearer to the back-of the furnace than' the compartments 80, 'theirA rear ends are connected with the air-inlet passages .69'

in the archesupporting sectionsf22, 23. These compartments 82am 'provlded with air-distributors 83 similar'to distributors 81. Be-' yond and above thev air-compartments 82 there are two restricted air-compartments 84 which extendfrorn the'back of the furnace to thefront thereof, and .these extend back vof andA over the compartments 82, and theyv are also provided with air-distributors 85 vat the' oints where they connect with the longest ,longitudinal passages 70 in-the arch-suppgllng-sections 22,' 23. 'lt will be observed that perforated air-distributors 81, 83 and Zv are located between the rear or inner ends of .the inlet- passages 68, 69,70 and the main compartments 82,184, vand that they havel a considerable suprfiial-area as 00m- -pared with lthe crossfseetion `of the passages 68, 69, 7 0.'v These airfdistribntors define the proportions of large preliminary heating compartment/s or throats which are joined directly with the relatively small passages y68, 69, 7 0. In these preliminary compartments or throats, therev is a tendency for the vair to be entrained 0r held back and not pass as through constricted passages directly to the.' 'fire-door arch.- llence, thel incoming heatedairis somewhat held back in the preliminary compartments or throats for a time suiiicientto be more highly preheated by the 'very hot p,walls surrounding these compartments: '.,N'ow,-.when the so preheated .air presses through the scattered holes of the air-distributors, it is broken up into fine sprays whichl are ejected into, and-the pre-Y heated air diffused into, the large compart-y ature, and is given an intense heat therein, so that, when itis ejected in a further spray from the fire-door arch, the intensity of the heat''of the air is not comparable with air preheated in the usual way. lhis action produces perfect combustion in `that the gases andthe vburning particles in the flame ments 80, 82, 84, havinga yer'y high temperside air which tends to vget through the crevices of allI masonry boller settings is givenI a'suflicient tiine'to heat up within the con- 'sder'able dimensions of the compartmentsv 80, 82, ,84, so that there is no tendency for the incoming preheatedair tobe any leakage of cool outer air. The forward'ends ofV theffour ' compartments 80 and 82 lead to downward passagesfSG in the brickwork just below the frontend of the boiler and above the vfire-proof arch, while downward passages 87 also lead through said brick-work' from 'the forward ends of thetwo 'compartments '84. These downward passages 86, 87 lead the preheated airthrough openingsin a cover-plate' 88 upon the fire-door arch into chambers 89, 90 in opposite' ends of the said arch. These chambers 89, 90 are placed in the arch 33l in a planeabove the transverse passages'71,'72 in the arch, so that jet-orifices 91 from said 'chambers 89, 90 will be arranged in a series chilled by and the intermediate partition l56. SJLtllal ,atl p 1,522,880

at b'oth sides of the furnace arch,.and also i. openings 92 in the back wall of the furnace,-

* and the air space of the arch 58 'cmmunisages 93, 94.

because of the heat radiating surfacesprof- 'vided by the multitudinous heatjradiatin'g elements 42 which extend across the said passages, and also becauseof other obvious con; siderations. p

fThe lowerrear arch 57 indicated in Fig.

1 is preferably composed of hollow ,firebrick, while the upperv rear arch 58 is' also hollow to provide an -air space, which, however, is provided with one or more air-inlet c tes, as indicated, vwith longitudinal-*paslon'gitudinal passages 93', 94 are defined. by thepartitions 54, 55, 56 extending longitudinally of the crown of the furnace arch,

sected by the steam domej95, ofthe: boiler,

l,the stack 37 and the 'steam line. 38,13@ that' two currents of preheated air will'pass on opposite sides of the partition 56, This preheated air islead downwardly by pas'- sages 96, 97 through the openings 1n the cover-plate88 into the chamber's'89, 90 of thefire-door arch, so thatprcheated air :is not only conducted over the front end of the furnace from the fire-door arch, but from .the rear -end, so that all, availableh'eat' throughout the length and breadth -off'the 'furnace arch is utilized for preheating the air for supporting combustion. The preferred practice as to the two series of jetv orifices 73, 91 in the fire-door arch is'to-1n eline them towards each other :1s-indicated by dotted lines in Figs. 1 and 3. Thus, the

jets of thetwo series will converge at t'he vrear of the fire-door arch and the two broad' streams of preheated air will crossv or lintersect within. the tire-chamber and mingle' with each other, 'oining forces as it were.

at the most desira le points within the lirechamber.

' Referring to Figs. 1 and K7, -it'will beseen that the stacln37 and steam line 38 are .provided with special means -for admitting airfor preheating.y There is auard+capl981 of yfire-proof material, the-t ge at which? may be downturned, and it 'is preferably composed of fire-proof l material. This. guard-cap 98 is provided with an'opening:- 99 to receive the steam line 38, after there (See Figs; .2 and 6.) These;

has first been placed upon the steam line a collar or sleeve 10.0, also of fire-proof material, which is preferably' of greater diameter inside than `the steam line,.1n orderto provide an annular space, which is filled 'prefv erably with an asbestos lining 101. Di-

rectly below the cap 98,.and within its o verhanging rim, the collar 100 is provided with an annular, series of apertures 102th admit. outer airjto internal downward pas'- sages 103 in the collar, which passages conduct air preheated by the steam linev to the two longitudinalv passages 93, 94, Fig. 6 beorereferred to. A similar Vprovision is constructed around the stack 37. The passages 107 in the outer Awall-portion of the arch zfe provided with air-inlets 111 in the front plate 27, Fi 15. These passages do notconnectvwith t e interior ofthe furnace but `mutuallyi iconnectat the back of the furnacel and. are intended toadmit-of a vcirculation-'ofi air which tends to cool the boiler setting. 'w It 1s.obv1ousfthat thisinvention 'may be .substltllti' parte., and that the invention 1 s 10ft limiteV variously 1110died,'as by omitting, addingvexcept as .expressed in the 'elaixns'. For instance,l Fig. 8 snows one' modification in which s ections 115,116 atrthe gettoni 'of the. furnace arch 'are provided with two and; four 'air-inlet passages, res tvelyf, Next'to'. the lire is a. section 11 of a-frefproof- -m'aterial to rotect the, sections 115., `116 lagainst the direct heat from the n iirej'lhese sections 115, 116 may be composed of any' suitable -tire-proof material, such as' diatomaceous '-(Kieselguhr) brick cut andchanneled` asrequired, or the may be made of "cement,'j 'consisting of a binder and ground diatomaceous or infusorial material. -This material may be used at other places in' the' furnace,l as for the collar 100, ca'p 98 etc.

what I 'claim 'as new is:- 1. In a hsteun-boiler furnace, a boilersetting having passages forair for supportmg combustion, said passages leading, from 'nlet openings :located in the wall of the Serri-ng, through mi within the seeing, separately to End out-of jet-orifices in 'the rear 'of both .the lire-.bridge and the lire-door arch, 'wher-35" the respective passa es to' ge andsaid arch are in e n`' dent, both the bridge a-nd the said arch av the .fire-bri ing rearwardly directed overhangs. located over the .jet-orifices and de liectng the pre;Y

heated air away'frorn the boiler, the-boiler beingA abovethesaid bridge 'f arch, and the overhang ofi 'the tire-bridg the over-hangy of the fire-door setting having 4passages ffor' 'air for supporting combustion, said .passages leading; from inletopenings vin the'front wall ofthe setting, throughl and within the setting, to

-1'aaleo Y W5 and out of the lire-door arch, the passages -the full length of thc boiler-setting, and

whereby the furnace-arch is supported, and a tire-bridge and a tire-door arch each hav- .Ling jet-orifices, the side walls of the boilei-v setting having longitudinal air passages,

land said sections` being provided with longitudinal air passages, the passages in Athe-boiler-setting and the passages in the [arch sections communicating 'at diierent distances along substantiallyv the full length of the arch sections, and conducting preheated air to said orifices.

4, yIn a steam-boiler furnace, the furnace arch, arch sections of fire-proof material at the bottom and at both side of the boilerleo sottili Said setting having fireproof walls, i rovi `ed with air-heating spaces extending or'substantially the entire lengththereo,

. 'artitions in said spaces dividing the same mto.separate upwardly and forwardly ex- Lltendm passagesat opposite sides p f- -the a1 ."ch,' e upwardly extending portions of which plassages have inlets :in thebottom of located at different distances-away door arch having jet-oricesto which said j pa'ssages lead downwardly, and s aid archj sections having longitudinal airpassagesl leading to said inlets, whereby preheated .air to support combustion may b'e conducted in paths, each of which'leads rearf' ward-ly, upwardly, forwardly, `and then downwardly and to the jet-orifices.'

a-Bteamboiler'furnace, the furnace .ar'ch',s arch sections" of lire-proof material at the' bottom and at both sides of the boiler .s eittin said, setting having fireproof walls rovi ed with air-heatingspaces extending v rfsubstantially the entire length thereof, v pantitioiis in'said spaces dividing the same into separate upwardly and forwardly ex- 'compartments directly over the said inlets,

. 'tending .passages at opposite sides of the g,arch,'the .upwardly vextending, portions of -Whihig passages :have inlets in the! bottom ;}of'j the"aich logated at different distances jawayfrom the front of the furnace, and a saidp'a'ssages lead wnwardl'y, and said Jfaroh sections having lplgitudinalair pasconducted 'in' pat a, each of lwhich leads rearwardly, upwardly, forwardly, and then downwardly .and 'toothe' jet-.oriticesjiaiid a" tire-bridge having jetfoigificc's, ,.vsaidhfoarch sections also having longitudinalziampasf sages leading to the 'oiii'icesfiir--thc iirc- 6. In a steam-bollen.fui-nace, a boiler-sel.- ting having a longitudinal air-passage in thc crown of thcfuinace-arch, thearchvbeing constructed. of fire-brick having said 4aii.l passage within it, and the .wall of. the-iurL nace having an air-inlet to the rear en d of aforesaid passage, said passages containing numerous ,heat-radiating portions of fire-brick, said longitudinal passage inl the crown of; the arch being' intcrsectcd longitudinally by thcsteain-lin'e,

smoke-'stack and steam-dome, and,a.fire-door arch having a 'series of Jet-orifices to which said longitudinal passage conducts preheated air, said series ot' orifices extending along the said fire-door arch to form a broadspray of preheated air.

7. In a steam-boiler furnacdmassive arch sections of tire-proof material at the bottom and at both sides of the boiler-setting, and whereby the furnace-arch is supported, and a tire-bridge having jetoriices,` said. sections being provided with longitudinal lair-v heating passages which conduct preheated air to said orifices, and the said sections being formed in pairs with ,channels open at correspondingsides of the -sections and which form the passages inthe built-in sec'- tions.` f

8.*In a steam-boiler furnace, .the furnace arch, arch sections of tire-proof material at the bottom and at'both sdes'of-the boilerassage leading, I

setting,- said setting having'fr'e-proofwalls provided with airheating'spaces, rising substantially throughout their height, partitions in said spaces dividing the same into separate passages at opposite sides of the arch, which partitions are relatively thin as compared with' the extreme height and breadth of each passage, and which passages havinletsA in the bottom of 'the arch located in the highest'and'broadest portions tors located in .the rear corners of said 'and a fire-door arch having jet-orices to which said passages lead-.. s'aid arch .sections havingar passages' leading to said inlets, whereby preheated air to 'support combustion may be conducted to said jet-orifices.,l

9. In 'a steam-boiler furnace, the furnace ias arc havingtire-proof side walls .provided with air-heatin n' spaces of substantialheight, inlet-passages to said spaces, partitions in said spaces dividingthe same into separate passages at opposite sides ofthe arch, and

` passages into preliminary communicatiin .in succession with said inletpassages at ifferent distances from the front of the furnace, perforated air-distributors located in said side passages adja` points of discharge in the coinbust'ion chamber, and an insulating lining between the Sleeve and pipe.

.11. The combination of a furnace having a heated ,outlet pipe, a cap of tire-proof material around the pipe, a sleeve of thick nally refproof material around the gips and' upon whichsaid cap is supporte having between its outer and inner surfaces, airheatin passages extending downwardly throng the body of the sleeve and leadin l from underneath the cap from the-outera around said pipe to points of discharge in thecombustion chamber and an insulating lining between the sleeve and pipe.

,12. In a steam-boiler furnace a tire-door"A arch, and means for conducting air yand. preheating it as conducted to said arch, said arch having longitudinal air passages connected with said means for conducting air, and also having two series vof jet-orifices extending rearwardly from the said air passages for supplying preheated air to the tirechamber, the two series extendinglongitudiof the arch and 'behind said longitudinal passages, one series above the other,

andthe two series inclined with respect to each other so as to converge within' the trechainbe'r to form intersecting sprays of highly preheated air behind saidarch.

WALTER GRIFFITHS

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