US1521870A - Telegraph system - Google Patents

Description

Patented Jan. 6, 1925.

[TED sra ALLISON A. OLOKEY, OF RUTHERFORD, NEW JERSE Y, ASSIGNOR TO WESTERN ELEC- TRIO COMPANY, INCORPORATED, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

Application filed December 1, 1921. Serial No. 519,067.

To all whom it may concern."

Be it known that I, ALLISON ANDREW CLoKEY, a citizen of the United States, residin at Rutherford, in the county of Bergen, gtate of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telegraph Systems, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description.

This invention relates to telegraph "systems and apparatus.

An object of the invention is the provision of synchronously operated means for relaying or repeating signal current impulses from one circuit to another.

In operating-telegraph apparatus by reversals of current over long transmission lines, the signaling currents are so reduced in strength, or. distorted or altered in wave form by the transmitting medium that with the customary yoltages applied, perfect reception at high speeds is impossible. An arrangement for minimizing the effects of such distortion and loss of energy, and which has been used successfully for a num- I ber of years on land lines and submarine telegraph cables both in connection with manually operable systems and multiplex printing telegraph systems, is known as the llrulstad vibrating relay. As. ordinarily used, this type ofv relay consists of a polarized relay provided with three windings which are termed line windings, opposing windings, and acceleratingwindings. The

two latter windings are included in a vibrat-f ing circuit comprising a battery, arelay tongue and contacts, an adjustable condenser and resistances. In practice, the relay tongue, by adjustment of the resistances and condenser in the vibrating circuit, iscaused to vibrate at a slightly greater frequency than the dot frequency transmitted from thedist-ant station. 1

To obtain the bestpossible results with a relay of the type previously referred to, it would be necessary to adjust the vibrating circuit so that the frequency of vibrations exactly correspond to the frequency of the signals transmitted from the distant station and to make the wave form of the vibrating current approximately coincide with the wave form of the received signals; but owing to the effects of temperature, extraneous disturbances, and those resulting from. im-

. perfect balancing of the duplex bridge, it

that the present invention is particularly adapted, althoughits :use under other circumstances may be found advantageous.

Broadly considered the invention consists of an electro-responsive device, such as a relay, so constructed and arranged that the frequency of vibration of the relay is automatically maintained in synchronism with the transmitting and receiving mechanisms. Specifically, the present invention contemplates the provision of a vibrating relay in which the energization of the vibrating winding of the relay is controlled jointly by the energization of an auxiliary electromagnetic means and a receiving distributor, the latter being automatically maintained in synchronism with the transmitting distributor, as in standard multiplex printingtelegraph systems. i

In the accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 illustrates an arrangement representing one embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 shows a modification of the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 shows a modification of the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 wherein a' relay provided with a moving coil, as of the galvanometer type, is utilized. In Fig. 1 a cable 10, extending from a distant station and terminating at station X, is shown. Connected in series therewith are a receiving condenser 11 shunted by a resistance 12 or other form of distortion correcting network and the input circuit of a vacuum tube or other type of am lifier. To the output circuit of the ampli er there is connected the main or holding winding 14 of the vibrating relay 13. The vibratin winding 15 of this relay has one termina connected with the continuous ring 25 of a rotary receiving distributor. The receiving distributor, which for the sake of 'clea'rne$ is shown developed, comprises three sections A, B and C, each of which consists of a continuous-ring and a second ring divided into which is maintained in synchronisin with the transmitting distributor at the opposite end of the cable by any well-known means, the phase displacement of which may be corrected either mechanically or electrically. Ring 26, forming a part of the section A, has the even numbered segments thereof connected together and the entire group connected to the operating contact of relay 19, while the odd numbered segments of this ring are connected in a grotip which'is in turn connected to the operating contact of relay 20. Both of theseu'elays are biased so as not to engage their operating contacts when no current is flowing through their respective windings. One terminal of each of the relays 19 and 20 is connected with the continuous ring 27 of the section B through condenser 33 and resistance 34, while the other terminal of each of these relays is connected through batteries 31 and 32 with the even and odd numbered segments of the ring 28, and which are adapted to be alternately energized due to the passage of tery to the windings of the relay 16 whereby the armature thereof is also caused to disthe brush 23 over the respective segments. To each of the armatures of the relays 1.) and 20 there is normally connected one terminal of the split battery 35, the connect on of which is under the control of polarized relay 16. This latter relay 1s controlled through cooperating contacts with the vibrating relay 13, and which Will be closed each time current is allowed to traverse the vibrating winding 15.

In order to provide satisfactory operation, the section A is oriented with respect to the section B, so that brush 23 engages a segment thereof a short time before brush 22 makes contact with the corresponding segment of section A. As the brushes rotate in the direction of the arrow and brush 23 passes on to the segment preceding 1 of the ring 28, the armature of relay 19 is moved to and held in contact with its operating contact during the time the momentary current due to the charging of the condenser 33 flows through the windings of the relays 19 and 20. The engagement of the armature of relay 19 with its 0 crating contact eompletes a circuit extending from the negative terminal of the battery 35, upper contact and armature of relay 16, armature and operating contact of relay 19, the segment of the ring 26 preceding segment 1 thereof, brush 22, ring 25 and the vibrating winding 15 of the relay 13 to ground. The armature of relay 13 will thereby be moved from engagement with the negative terminal of the battery 17 and into engagement with the positive terminal of the battery 18. The reversal of the position of the armature of relay 13 in this manner applies positive batengage the negative terminal of the battery associated neanero vlished extending from the positive terminal of battery 35, lowercontact and armature of relay 16, ring 29 of section C,-brush 2a and the segment upon which this brush is at this instant in engagement, and the winding of the selecting magnet to the negative terminal of battery. The selecting magnet through which the current is at this instant passing will thus be energized for efi'ecting the setting of the selecting bar individual thereto. Likewise the positive terminal of the battery is connected with the armatures of the relays 19 and 20. Now when the brush 23 makes contact. with segment 1,

condenser 33-is charged in a direction opposite to that 1 previously described, thus momentarily causing the energization of relay 20 and the closure of its operating contact at the time the brush 22 is passing over segment 1 of the ring 26. The positioning of the armatures of the respective relays in this manner applies positive battery to the terminals of the vibrating winding 15, thereby reversing the position of the armature thereof to its normal position or to the position shown in the drawings, and consequently causing the reversal of the armature of the relay 16, which now engages the. negative terminal of the battery 35. As the brushes continue to rotate, the system will operate in the manner just described,

20 are energized and thereby repeat into the local circuit a corresponding signaling current impulse. v

Assuming now that a signal of negative polarity and of suiiicient duration is impressed upon the opposite end of the cable 10 to cause the current in the main or holding winding 14: at the time the brush 22 is passing from segment 1 of the ring 26 and on to segment 2 of this ring, to be in a direction opposite to the current in the vibrating winding produced by the positioning of the armature of relay 19 so that the positive terminal of the battery 35 is connected in circuit with the vibrating winding 15 upon the passage of thebrush 22 over this segment, and to be of a strength sufiicient to neutralize the efiect of the vibrating current, thus preventing the armature of the relay 13 from leaving the positive terminal of the battery 1'? during the passage of the brush 22 over segment2. If the received signal diminishes to a small enough value during this time, the armature of the relay 13 will move to engage the negative contact of the terminal 17 when brush 22 passes over segment 3 of the ring 23, owing to the fact that the relay 20 is now energized and connects the negative terminal of the battherebyfiiuses the reversal of the position of the armature.

The operation of the other parts of the system is identical with that previously described.

The arrangement shown in Fig. 2, like the-one described in connection with Fig. 1, has the incoming end of the cable 40 connected in series therewith, a receiving condenser 41 shunted by a resistance 43 or other type of distortion correcting network and the input circuit of a vacuum tube or other type of amplifier. The output circuit of the amplifier is also connected with the main or holding winding of vibrating relay 44, as in Fig. 1. In the arrangement disclosed in Fig 2, however, the section of the distributor i is provided with segments which are shorter than those. utilized in the ring 28 of the section B of the distributor shown in Fig. 1. segments 1., 3, 5, etc. of ring 53 of section I) are connected together and the entire group is connected to the tongue of the control relay 57. All of theeven numbered segments 2, 4, 6 etc. of this ring are likewise connected to. the tongue of control re-' lay 56. The continuous ring 52 of the sec tion D. like in the previous case, is connected with the vibrating winding 46 of the relay 44, while the other terminal of this winding is connected to ground through an adjustable condenser 48 which is shunted by an adjustable resistance 47. The purpose of the condenser and resistance is to vary the wave' shape and amplitude of the current in the vibrating winding 46- Segments 1. 3, 5 etc. of the ring 55 of the section E, which are directly beneath the center portion of the odd numbered segments of the ring 53 are connected to the windings of control relay 56, and the seg-' inents 2, 4, 6, etc. of the ring 55 are similar- 1y connected to the windings of the control relay 57. Each of the relays 56 and 57 are adjusted so as to be free from bias so that All of the odd numbered- '-tl1.e tongue will remain against whichever contact it may-have been placeduntil moved into engagement with the opposite contact by current flowing into the relay windings in the proper direction. 1

Assuming that the armature of the relay 44 is resting against the negative contact, the passage of the brush 51 over segment 1 of ring 55 will cause negative battery to be applied to the windings of relay 56 over a circuit extending from the negative ter-' minal of battery,upper contact and armature of relay 44,'rin.g 54, brush 51', segment 1 of ring 55 and the windings of the control relay 56 in series to ground. This will cause the tongue of relay 56 to more into engagement with the positive contact and apply positive battery to the even numbered segments of the ring 53, and as the brush 51) passes over segment 2 of this ring, current flows from the positive terminal of battery through the lower contact and armature of relay 56, and segment 2 of ring 53, brush 50',

ring 52, and the vibrating winding 46 of the relay 44 through the resistance 47 and condenser 48 to ground. The current through the vibrating winding 46 is at this instant in a direction such as to cause the armature to more into engagement with the positive terminal of battery. While the brush 50 is still passing over segment 2, brush-51 passes over segment 2 of'the ring 55.and

applies positive battery to the windings of the relay 57, which causes its armature to be moved against the negative contact, thus making segment 3 of the ring 53 negative. As the brush 50 passes on to segment 3 of the ring 53, a current traverses the vibrat ing winding 46 of the relay'44 in a direction such as to reverse the position of the arma-- ture thereof, or restore the same to normal, as shown in the drawing. This operation will be repeated so long as no currentpasses through the main or holding winding 45 of the relay 44.

if at the time brush 50 is passing from one segment to another, the current in the main or holding winding 45 isin a direction such as to oppose the vibrating current and has risen .to a value which predominates the current in the vibrating winding, the reversal of the armature of the relay, will be prevented and acorresponding signal will be relayed into the rec'order'58, which for the sake of clearness has been shown diagrammatically. i

In Fig. 3 there is shown another method of obtaining. the synchronous vibrating. feature, and in which a movin coiltype of relay is employed instead 0 the fixed c'oil relay, as previously described. The operation of this arrangement is similar" in every respect to the one just described, except that the current in the vibrating" winding of the moving coil must be of a a relay comprising a line winding, an armature, current supply contacts cooperating therewith, a.local circuit winding arranged to produce a magnetic effect on said armature sufficient to cause the movement thereof, electromagnetic means serving upon the operation thereof to condition an energizing circuit for said local circuit winding, and synchronously operated means independent of said relay for effecting the energization of said electromagnetic means and the completion of the energizing circuit for saidlocal circuit winding whereby said armature is caused to reverse its position.

2. In combination with a telegraph system, a receiving relay comprising a line winding, an armature, current supply con tacts cooperating therewith, local circuit electromagnetic means arranged to produce a magnetic effect on said armature suflicient to cause the movement thereof, a relay serving to control the energization of said local circuit electromagnetic means, and synchronously operated means'independent of said relay for establishing an energizing circuit for said local circuit electromagnetic means which is under the control of said relay.

3. ln combination with a telegraph system, a receiving relay comprising a line winding, an armature, current'supply contacts cooperating therewith, local circuit electromagnetic means arranged to produce a magnetic effect on said armature sufficient to cause the movement thereof, an auxiliary relay serving to control the energization of said local circuit electromagnetic means, and synchronously operated means independent of said relay for completing the circuit for said local circuit electromagnetic means conditioned by' said auxilary relay whereby said local circuit electromagnetic means is energized to reverse'the'position of the armature of said relay.

4. In a telegraph system, the combination of an incoming transmission line and a relay comprising a line winding, an armature, current supply contacts cooperating therewith, a local circuit winding arranged to fproduce a magnetic effect on said armature suiiicient to cause the movement thereof, a continually rotating dlstrlbutor, and an auxiliary relay serving to partially estab- 5. In combination with a telegraph system, a relay comprising a line winding, an armature, current supply contacts cooperating therewith, local circuit electromagnetic means arranged to produce a magnetic effect on said armature sufficient to cause the movement thereof, a continuously rotating distributor having a plurality of sections each section consisting of a continuous and segmented ring, one of which has the segments thereof arranged in a position central to the corresponding segments of the other section, and a pair of auxiliary relays alternately energized through segments on said distributor for conditioning an energizing circuit for said local circuit' electromagnetic means which is completed upon the continued rotation of said distributor to effectthe reversal of the armature of said first-mentioned relay.

. 6. In combination with a telegraph system, a receiving relay comprising a line winding, an armature, current supply contacts cooperating therewith, local circuit electromagnetic means arranged to produce a magnetic effect on said armature sufficient to cause the movement thereof, a pair of auxiliary relays arranged to he alternately energized for conditioning an energizing circuit for said local circuit Winding, and a continuously rotating distributor having a plurality of sections, each section consisting of a continuous and a segmented ring one of which has the segments thereof arranged ina position central to the corresponding segments of the other section whereby the energizing circuit for said local circuit electromagnetic means is completed for causing reversal of the armature controlled thereby during the period that the current therein predominates the current in the line winding.

In witness whereof, I hereuntosubscribe my name this 29th day of November A. ll, 1921..

ALLISON A. QLUKEY.

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