US1514600A - Method of heating and ventilating and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 11 1924.

E. A. BRINER METHOD OF HEATING AND VENTILATING AND APPARATUS THEREFOR Filed May 27. 1919 4 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR ATTORNEKS Nov. 11 1924- E. A. BRINER METHOD ow HEATING-AND VENTILATING AND APPARATUS THEREFOR 4 Sheets-Sheet Filed May 27. 1919 lNI/f/VTOR [/m/ 5mm;

FIG. 2

ATTORNE Y 5 we M 1924. 1

' E. A; BRINER- METHOD 0? HEATING AND VENTILATING LAND APfARATUS THEREFOR Filed May 27. 1919 4 Sheets- Sheet 5 /NVENTOR E/m/ A. Br/her, 5)

Q ATTORNEYS Nov. l1 1924.

E A. BRINER METHOD OF HEATING AND VENTILATING AND APPARATUS THEREFOR -Filed May 27. 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 v Flew;

.Wl/ENTOR [271/ A. flr/nen A A E By fgvu'v v I FIG. l2

ATTORNEYS Patented Nov. n, 1924.

NIT D TATES; PATIENT OFFICE.

A. names, or nasal cannon, NEW Jmsnz.

METHOD OF HEATING AND VENTILATIN G AND APPARATUS THEREFOR.

Application filed, Hay a7, 1919; Serial m. 300,197.

. Tor ZZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Em A. BRINER, a citlzen of the United States, residing in East Orange, county of Essex, and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Heating and Ventilating "and 'Ap aratus Therefor of which the following 1s a full, clear, and exact description. I

This invention relates to the art of build-- ing ventilation and auxiliary drying processes, and has particular reference to the re-- covery of heat from the waste hot air, va-

pors, and gases resultingfrom the drying of paper, textiles, food products, or from cooking or evaporating, conditions in -the bui ding in which such dryingoperations are carried on, and tea means for accomplishing these results.

While I will describe the method and improvements especially as applied for use with paper machinery, it is to be considered as ,merely' illustrative, for theinvention in its broader aspect is capable of general ap- .plication to building ventilation in heating the necessary air supply, and wherever usedwith drying processes from which -vapor laden gases arise.

Heretofore in nearly all processes of drying, the resultant hot mo stair, gases, or vaporshave been allowed to escape in a wasteful manner.. The temperature has been raised to a highdegree in order to permit the absorption of more vapon; Thehot mixture has heatenergy in. the form'of'the sensible: heat 'of :the air and vapor andgthe latent heat ofthe vapor.

sensible heat energy. Not only is this loss of heat ener considerable in some processes, but there is a isv that I use, itprimarily for heatin also an indirect loss to the plant on account of mpa1red-worl nn heretofore unavo da le 1n rooms fwherem conditions generally drying processes were carried on. 4

The 'distin hing feature about my method of uti izing heat of the waste vapor doorair as a fresh air supply for building ventilation external to the drying chamber. In order for this method to' 'be successful,'I have to actually; condense the f t r the vapor because the temperature of the improvement of 4 In many processes a the, latent heat energy-is greater .than the an economic one which .is

to watch, the sheet. an .occur on the. drying rolls. out'-- ly has open doors at rying' process or mary purpose of the invention is heating and ventilating, both adjoining buildings,

and the building in which paper drying is carr ed on.

However, by using the method described for recovering waste heat for ventilation of the building space surrounding the drying operation, it enables one to obtain still greater economy by a further use of ventilating air 'fdr'secondaryiuse as an absorbent .of steam vapor. 4

Both the heating and ventilating function use) and the absorbing (called primar function (calle secondary use) of the air have been found to be necessary features for roper atmospheric .air conditions of buildings used for paper drying and bothfunctions are of su stant'ially equal importance. I have used the expressions primary and seconda as indicating more clearlythe preferre orderof operation in my method of securing exceptional economy. .It is also feasible to reverse this order of operation.

It is evident that this primary and secondary use of air represents asingle continuous cycle of use for the fresh-air supply. a V

A distinctive feature of my method in actual practice is its successful operation independent of either a tight building or an enclosed dryer unit. In paper mills the drying rolls. are ahnost universally open type machines enablin the machine tender handle breaks that The machine building itself usua either end for communication into .beater building and shipping buildings. openings-usually he p to pr'ovidecooler air to the o'west air stratum at the floor, inde- Such pendent of my system or process. In'other.

words my system or process is universal in its application and does not depend for operation upon an enclosed dryer, or upon close connections with such dryer unit either for vent air, fresh air, or both.

As is. well known, the present method fou drying of paper web on a paper machine is effected by passing the web over a series of hot rolls which are heated internally by steam. This results in the formation of a large volume of Water vapor which is absorbed by warm air near the machine and allowed to escape through openings in the roof, either by natural draft or by suction draft caused by any air moving device drawing the hot air and vapor through a hood placed immediately over the machine and discharging the moisture laden air outdoors. A machine producing 100 tons of newsprint paper every twentyfour hours requires the evaporation of 200 tons of Water per day. An average of 100,000 cubic feet of air per minute is necessary to carry away these vapors. The energy in so much heated air and warm vapor is greater and, in the practice of the herein-described process, the equivalent to about 200 boiler horse power may be recovered.

The usual practice in the drying of paper in paper mills is to allow the vapor to be carried toward the roof by warm air near me machine. The roof being at a lower temperature than the vapors causes a condensation of part of the vapors on the under side of roof and results in what is known as drip. To prevent this condensation, hoods are often used and steam coils are placed under the roof to keep the air warm, or hot dry air is directed against the under side to warm the roof. But in so doing, these methods augmented by the drying process raise the temperature of the whole room to a point where conditions are not satisfactory for comfort of the machine tenders.

In nearly all processes of drying, the resultant hot air or gases or vapors are allowed to escape as waste. The purpose of this invention is to recover part of the heat of the hot air or gases or vapors and use it to heat fresh air primarily for heating and ventilating purposes, and secondarily as. an absorbent of vapor from a drying or evaporating process. The efficiency of the drying process is the ratio of amount of heat utilized to the total amount of heat supplied.

I increase this efiiciency by increasing the amount of heat utilized in any given dryer or provide fresh warm air for various other purposes.

Mv invention is primarily a heating and -vent1lating process taking moist air out of a building and rapidly replacing itwith fresh air. The advantage of such process over other processes lies in the fact that such the drying operation is of a continuous character like in paper mills,.in contradistinction to ordinary batch driers which are intermittent in operation and do not give off a continuous supply of vapor. I

(5 mental to a drying process,.especially where It is therefore an object of my invention to so process these vapors that their heat energy may be largely retained in the system, so that the economic loss is minimized. Such a process includes a subjection of the waste gases or vapors to an economizer where they are cooled to such an extent that the air cannot retain more than a small portion of the vapor with which it was first charged. The vapor is condensed in the economizer and forced to give up its latent heat energy, thereby raising the temperature of the economizing medium, generally fresh air. This warm fresh air has a much lower relative humidity than it had originally and is available in large quantities for v heating, or for providing warm fresh air to absorb the vapors necessary for continuing the process. The condensate is returned as warm liquid ready to be used as such.

Another object of my invention is to remove the vapors from the room rapidly so that working conditions may be improved.

Another object of my invention is to improve conditions directly under the roof so that the objectionable drip is avoided without the use of auxiliary heaters.

Another object of my invention is to provide an economizer or vapor condenser suitably arranged and associated with fans, ducts and ventilators, so that the waste vapor laden gases may be drawn through the economizer or vapor condenser in one direction and exhausted to the atmosphere in a cooled condition, and so that fresh air may be drawn through the economizer wherein it is warmed and then directed into the room.

Another object of my invention is to provide suitable ducts for directing warmed air under the roof where it will raise the temperature sufiiciently to keep the moisture from condensing.

Another object of my invention is to ad- .ditionally improve the conditions near the into "the drying machinery, thereby preventing any great disturbances of a cooler layer of air near the floor. supplied generally through cracks, crevices and the opening of doors in. the room.

Another object of my invention is to pass circulating equipment and economizer associated with a paper machine;

Fig. 2 is an end View of the equipment shown in Fig. 1 as taken from the right end of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a plan of'the air circulating phere. Anotherdfan G draws air through the fresh air inlet D downwardly throu h This cool air will be equipment shown in Fig. 1 with parts omit-' ted Fig. 4 is a general elevational View showing the economizer as related to the other units Fig 5 is an end elevation of the economizer or vapor condenser looking in the direction of flow of the hot gases; 1

Fig. 6 is a side view of the economizer or vapor condenser with. the casing removed,

7 is an end elevation of part of the economizeror vapor condenser as shown in' h Fig. 5, but on a larger scale; Figs. 8 and9 are end and side elevations, respectively, of the end spacing member which is used to close the ends of the fresh air spaces; 1

Fig. 10 shows the drain which is used between pairs of plates,

Fig. 11 is an end view of the drain shown in Fig. 10, and

'Figs. 12 and 13 represent an end view and plan, respectively, of a modified equipment particularly adapted for use where roof drying is of secondary importance.

Similar reference characters referto similar parts throughout the several views. In Figs. 1 to 4, wherein the general lay out of the paper drying room is shown, the.

device will-be described in detail, and along with the description of the device the method of operation will be pointed out.

R represents the drying rolls of apaper machine. A hood A is arranged over these drying rolls so that the vapors rising from the rolls will collect under. the hood. These vapors are exhaustedthrough the duct B and economizer E bya fan C which exhausts them through a ventilator V to the atmosthe economizer E through a duct F and past an auxiliary heating coil 7. This air is then discharged through the, horizontal transverse pipes or ducts H which transmit the air through longitudinal pipes or ducts I arranged overhead and near the roof. A plurality of smaller ducts i are 'onn'ected with longitudinal. ducts I and arranged closev up to the roof, as shown in Fig. 2. This warmed air being discharged in the upper regions of the room will keep the upper regions at a comparatively high temperature whereb theair will be able to carry a considerab y greater moisture content than it couldcarry'were it cool. Owing. to its high-' 1 er temperature it will remain in the upper regions in the room and will not tend to fall toward the floor. i

-On one side of the roomI sometimes prefer to arrange an exhaust fan J which is provided with an inlet duct L which is overhead and near the roof. It may be as shown in Fig. 2, arranged near the pipes or ducts H. This inlet L will take thewarm air from under the roof without disturbing the air near the floor. A steam heater coil K may be an ranged in the inlet L to preheat the air before it passes through the fan J. From the fan J the hot air is forced into an underground duct M, and from-this duct it is directed through a series of suitably arranged pipes N against the web 0 on the paper machine.

The heater and fan may in some installations be entirely omitted and in still other installations the fan may be operated without the heater. In such cases the absorbing operation of the fresh air would become the primary function of the operation and the heating and ventilating, the secondary function. The hood over the machine may be present or omitted.

This air at a high temperature which has been directed against the web of the paper machine, will become saturated with va r and will rise under the hood A, from whic it will be drawn by the fan C to the economizer E and discharged to the atmosphere through the ventilator V.

Figs. 12-and 13, the roof drying system, in-

cluding fan G, duct F, heatingcoilf, and ducts H, I and i, are replaced by a duct F which connects directly, from the economizer E andthe inlet L." This arrangement is particularly desirable where some form of a roof drying device is already installed.

The detailed construction of the economizer or vapor condenser E is shown in Figs. 5 to 11, inclusive. The economizer comprises a number of pairs of corrugated plates 12, 13, of sheet metal, black, processed, gal.-

vanized, or coated with protective materials,

According to the modifications shown in' &

placed parallel and spaced apart formin spaces S, S, throu h which may be directe the flow of two di erent currents. Cold air is drawn through the fresh air inlet D, and flows downwardly through spaces S preferably crosswise of the corrugations, whereby i by' reducing its relative moisture (humid-' it is agitated. The waste hot air from theduct B flows horizontally through the other spaces S along the corrugations.

Two pairs of plates 12 and 13 are fastened together at the upper edge, providing a suitable leakproof joint 14. Along the lower edges of each pair of plates 12 and 13 is arranged a lon itudinal drain or trough 15 having a sloping lower edge 16 and connecinserted between the adjacent pairs of corrugated plates, and held in position by rivets, screws, or the like. Anv even number of plates may be assembled in pairs along with their spacing members and fastened to a suitable support 20, and this support may be suspended by means of bolt 21 from a channel member 18. Suspension of the plates allows of ease of handling and erection, and provides a flexibility in the device as regards its capacity.- A master drain 22 is arranged to receive the moisture which drips from the closing troughs 15' and to conduct the condensed water to a suitable receptacle not shown.

It will be seen that this invention is conducive to the economical operation ofa heating and ventilating system on account of saving of the amount of heating surface and steam required to heat the air used for drying, heating and ventilating purposes. This results in a direct saving of fuel.

There is also the recovery of a small amount of fresh warm condensed water which may be used for heating or feed water purposes.

The invention also improves the conditions in the room by maintaining a relatively still or quiet region filled with cool air in which the Workers may be comfortable.

Changes in'the air conditions, as a result of the circulation above pointed out, are as follows:

Air drawn from outdoors is heated therechine room roof thereby becoming slightly moistened and lowered in tem erature and may be directed against the we for drying purposes either immediately or after for ther reheating as circumstances render desirable.

This air absorbs moisture from the web almost to saturation, the degree of satura-' tion depending upon the volume and temperature of the air directed against the dryers.

This air is then drawn through hood into the economizer where it gives up most of its heat to the fresh air drawn through the economizer from outdoors and cycle of heat is repeated.

The moist air deprived of most of its moisture is exhausted to the atmosphere in a saturated condition at a low temperature.

I claim:

1. In the paper drying art carried on in a building, an economizing process comprisingc; exhausting heated vapor laden air from above the paper drying machine at substantially atmospheric pressure through passages in a heat exchanger to .the atmosphere, drawing through other passages in the heat exchanger atmospheric air, and using itin two stages, first for ventilating the building, and second as an absorbent of vapor leaving the paper drying apparatus.

2. The method of improving air conditions in a building having paper drying apparatus which comprises exhausting the heated vapor laden air at atmospheric pressure produced by the evaporating operation through passages in a vapor condenser to the atmosphere, drawing through other passages in the vapor condenser atmospheric air, and utilizin the warmed fresh air primarily for building ventilation, and secondarily as an absorbent of. vapor leaving the evaporting apparatus.

3. In the ventilating of buildings housing paper making machines, the economizing process comprising, exhausting heated vapor laden air from the building space above the drying rolls of a paper making machine, through passages in a vapor condenser to the atmosphere, drawing ,through other passages in the vapor condenser atmospheric air and discharging the warmed air from the vapor condenser, immediately underneath the roof.

,4. In the ventilating art, in connection with paper drying apparatus in a building, an economizing process com rising, exhausting heated vapor laden air t rough passages in a vapor condenser to the atmosphere, drawing through other passages in the vapor condenser atmospheric air, separating out the condensate and discharging the warmed air from the vapor condenscrzimmediately underneath the roof of said building.

5. In the ventilating art, an economizing process comprising, the exchange by conducsupply of fresh air in the' vicinity of the tion of the latent heat of condensation of vapor laden air so as to warm fresh air, warming the upper re ion of a building'with this fresh air, and ex austing. this air from the upper region through a heating coil and directing it at the higher temperature against a material to be dried.

6. In the ventilating art, an economizing process comprising the utilization by conduction of the latent heat of condensation of vapor in the vapor laden air produced by drying or evaporating apparatus for the purpose of heatin andventilating the buildmg exterior to t e drying or evaporating app aratus.

In a building having an independent floor andwherein drying apparatus is used. the method of keeping the lower regions .thereof cool by leakage. through cracks,-

crevices and open doors, and which comprises exhausting warm air from some overead point beneath the roof through a duct and discharging .itagainst material .to be dried. I

8. In the heating and ventilating art,.the method of.ventilating buildings in one of which drying or evaporating apparatus is used therein, comprising utilization of the escaping mixture of vapor and air at atmospheric pressure to heat an independent current of freshair for ventilating such to drv the felts on a-paper drying machinein a building, which comprises exhausting air from an overhead stratum in said building which has-a'high temperature owing to paper drying, circulating the air through a heater. and forcing it at higher tempera-.

ture against the felts of machine.

11. In -machine buildings of paper mills using steam heated drying cylinders, the process of heating fresh outdoor air for ventilating said buildings external to the drying apparatus from its initial outdoor temh Paper d y perature to a higher temperature, which consists in so directing the. flow of fresh air and the flow of waste hot air and vapor resulting from the drying of paper past one another so that heat will be interchanged by conduction from the hot air and vapor to the.

fresh air. a 12. In machine buildings of'paper nulls using steam heated drying cylinders, the

process of reducin the amount-of heat nec-.

essary for heatin resh'outdoor'airrequired for ventilating said buildings externalto the drying apparatus, which consists'in raising the temperature of the fresh air from its initial outdoor temperature to a higher tem perature by so directing the flow of fresh air -and the flow of waste hot air and vapors re sulting from the drying operation past one another that heat will be interchanged by conduction from the hot air and vapors to the fresh. air.

13.. Themethod of improving air conditions for operators in the machine building of a paper mill in which are operated drying machines, which consists in leaving the lowest stratum of air at the floor at natural ,conditions, the air required for drying or ventilating said building external to the drying apparatus being taken continuously from the upper part-of the building, without disturblng the floor stratum.

14.. The method of improvin tions in paper mill machine which are operated drying machines, which consists in taking air from the upper part of the building as asu'pply for hot air reair condiuildings in quired in the drying process or for ventilating said building external to the drying. apparatus and admitting cooler outdoor air through openings in walls, so as to produce a cooler stratum of air at the working level near floor.

15. The combination with a hood .adapted -to receive the va or-laden air above a paper drying machine in a building, of means for exhausting the vapor-laden air from the. hood, a heat interchanger for abstracting both latent and sensible heat of the vapor laden air, and apparatus for supplying fresh air to absorb the heat energy so abstracted and utilizing the fresh air first for ventilating the building external .to the drying apparatus and then as an absorbent of moisture leaving the drying machine.

16. The combination with a hood adapted to receive the vapor-laden air above a paper drying-machine in a building, of means for exhausting the vapor-laden air from the hood, a heat interchanger for abstracting both latent and sensible heat of the vaporladen air, apparatus for supplying fresh air to absorb the heat energy so abstracted and using the same'for ventilating said buildings outside of hoods, and means for further heating the fresh air.

17. The combination with a hood adapted to receive the vapor-laden air above a paper drying machine in a building, of. means for exhausting the vapor-laden air from .the.

hood, a heat interchanger for abstracting both latent and sensible heat of the'vaporladen air and absorbing the heat energy so abstracted, said-heat interchanger warming fresh a and means f rjdistn u tmg the fresh .warm air where it will absorb free vapor in the building outside of the hood.

18-. The. method 'of controlling air condi- .tions in a building having paper drying apparatus, which comprises maintaining a stratum of hot dry air immediately beneath the roof and another stratum of relatively dry and cool air adjacent to the floor of the building, exhausting air from a plane intermediate of the areas influenced by the condition of the aforesaid upper and, lower air strata through a heater and directing the heated air onto the paper drying apparatus to absorb moisture.

19. The method of controlling air conditions in a building having paper drying apparatus, which comprises maintaining a stratum of relatively dry and cool air on the floor, exhausting air from a higher stratum in the building through a heater, and directing the heated air onto the paper drying apparatus to absorb moisture.

EMIL A. BRINER.

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