US1511961A

US1511961A - Evaporating apparatus

Info

Publication number: US1511961A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1924-10-14
Anticipated expiration: 1941-10-14

Description

' F. N. HALARY EVAPORATING APPARATUS Filed Juri@ n, 19532 Figi.

v5/WUR Oct. 14 1924. f 1,511,961

F. N. HALARY EVAPORATING 'APPARATUS Filed Juris 2, 1922 4 sheets-sheet 5 0a. 14 4m24. 195119961 F. N. HALARY- EVAPORATING APPHATUS Filed Jun@ z, 1922 4 'sheets-sheet 4 Fig@ Patented Oct. 14, 1924.

FRANQOIS NOL HALARY,

raars, Farines.

EVAPORATNG .if-L ?PART'USS.

Application. tiled June 2,

To 1U 10.6.0772 .ft amy; confer/1?.'

Ve it known that Franois Yorin Lani', ot Rue Saint-hilartin, Paris, .s rance. hart invented Evaporuting rrpparatus .ch the following is a tull. clear.y and etact description.

The present invention has 'for its object aporating apparatus. the internal tein- A erature of which can be controlled at will and can never reach a degree dangerous .tor the products to he dried.

This evaporating apparatus combined in. such a inanner as to autoinatically ensure, within the coinpartincnts or chambers containing the products to be dried, troni top downwards. a continuous circulation otl air the speed ot which may be increased or diminished at will.

The evaporatiug :ii'iparatus torniiug the subject-inattor oiE this invention is essentially chzufacterized by the combination oit the tol- .lowing elements:

(.f. One or niore independent chainbers or con'ipartnients having at their upper part an adjustable hot air inlet oritice and at their lower part an exhaust oritice also adjustable.

A heater adapted to heat the air which is to circulate within these chambers or con'ipartrnents.

c. A draught pipe into which open the ezthaust orifices ot' the drying chainbers or compartments and in which pass the coinbustion products ot the furnace.

d. Chimney-hoods provided with draught nozzles arranged within the draught pipe at the level of each exhaust orifice, in such a manner that the circulation ot the combustion products troni the heater through these nozzles creates, within the drying chambers or compartments, a partial vacuum ensuring the evacuation of the air laden with moisture, and its replacement by hot and dry air, in an automatic, instantaneous and continuous manner.

By this combination. the moisture contained in the product to be dried is immediately evacuated in proportion as the evaporation takes place; in tact.y in contact with the hot air passing' downwardly through each ot the compartments of the "apparatus, the water contained in the prodluct to be .dried evaporates and, the water vapour thus torined having a greater density than that ot hot air. is collected at the lower part ot the compartment and is i1ninediatelhv sucked through the draught pipe.

rlhe drying is thus eiiected in a very short tiine without necessitating a high teinperature and by controlling the inlet and exhaust oritices7 it is posible to obtain within the dry ing apparatus a teinperature which never reaches a degree detrimental to the product to be dried.

For the reasons given above, the present type of drying apparatus is capable ot being used with advantage for drying fruits, vegetables, linen, etc.

The present invention has moreover' for its object the application to this system of evaporating apparatus of a heating device coniliiincd in such a inanner as to permit the easy control oit the temperatures ot the chainlr'ers or compartments containing the products to be dried.

his heating' device is essentially charac- ,terized hy the Jfollowing points:

a. A heating chamber provided with inner partitions torining battle-plates arranged at the lower part of the evaporating apparan tus and within which can circulate the coinbustion products ot the tui-nace; this chainber opens., on the one hand, within the turnace and, on the other hand, under Athe lower draught hood ot the draught pipe;

7). Another chamber on the top ot the previous one7 within which is heated the air which is to circulate within the evaporating apparatus c. A furnace arranged below the lower draught hood ot the draught pipe and provided with a damper permitting to direct the whole or a part ot the combustion products either in the heating chamber above set forth, or in the draught pipe.

In order that this invention inay be clearly understood it will be described hereafter with reference to the accompanying drawing in which: p

l `igs i to t illustrate a drying apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention, for drying fruits and vegetables; Fig. l is a front elevation; Fig. 2 is a longif tudinal vertical section; Figs. 3 and 4l are two vertical cross sections inade respectively .according to lines AMA.. and of F ig. 2.

los

Fig. 5 illustrates in vertical section, on a smaller scale a drying apparatus for drying linen.

Figs. 6 to 8 illustrate the application of the heating device above set forth to a drying apparatus for drying linen; Fig. is a vertical section made according to .lines C-D, lil-F of Fig. 8; Fig. 7 is a horizontal section made according to line G-G of Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is avertical cross section made according to line H-H of Fig. 6.

Fig. 9 shows the application of this heating device to a drying apparatus with multiple compartments.

The drying apparatus illustrated in Figs. 1 to t comprises an outer body or casing a, within which are arranged two vertical rows of compartments b completelyv independent from each other; within each of these compartments is arranged a tray c on which are placed the fruits or vegetables to be dried.

These compartments are limited on two opposite sides by the front and rear faces ofthe casing a and on their two other vertical sides by transverse partitions d, e.

The intervals respectively comprised be tween the partitions d and c and the adjacent sides of the casing a, constitute sheaths or conduits through which is led the hot air which is to be admitted in the various compartments b, as will be indicated hereafter.

The interval comprised between the two transverse partitions c con'imunicates through its lowei' part and through its upper part with the atniosphere and constitutes a draught pipe g through which is evacuated the hot air laden with moisture taken from the products to be dried, as will be explained below.

In the transverse partitions l are provided, at the upper part of each of the compartments b, orifices /il through which the hot air, fed by the conduits f is admitted in the compartments Zi; each orifice /z is provided with a shutter z', movable about an axis and capable of being operated from the exterior by means of a handle 70. On the other hand; in the transverse partitions c are provided, at the lower part of each compartment b, ventilating grates through which are evacuated in the draught pipe g the hot air and the vapours formed by the water contained in the products to be dried; these ygrates can be uncovered or closed at will7 either in totality or partially, by means of sliding dainpers m provided with operating knobs n permitting to move them from the exterior.

l/Vithin the-draughtpipe ai'e-a-irangechat the level'of each superimposed row of compartments b, hoods o opening in each other and adapted to increase the draught and to facilitate the evacuation of the .hot Aair and vapours 'i The air is admitted into the apparatus through tubes y) opening, on the one hand, into the atmosphere and, on the other hand, through orifices g, into chambers r arranged between the lower face of the casing a and the bottoni of the lower compartments Z).

Any source of heat whatever, for instance, a gas pipe .5' lperforated with holes, is arranged under the apparatus.

The casing is provided on its front face wth doors t.

The operation of this system of drying apparatus is as follows:

The air enters in the apparatus through the tubes y), in which it is heated by the gas pipe s. It then passes through the orifices g, circulates in the chambers fr, andascends in the conduits f which distribute it in the compartments Z) through the orifices h.; the admission of this air into each of these coinpartments is controlled by means of the shutters z'. The hot air passes through each compartment from top to bottom. Under the action of the heat of this air, the water contained in the product to be dried evaporates; the water vapour thus formed being heavier than the atmosphere of hot air of each compartment, collects at the lower part ct thc latter ann is immediately sucked sin'iultancously with the hot air through the veiitilating grates Z by the hoods 0 of the draughtpipe g. By operating the shutters e and the damper-s m the rate of passage of the hot air through each of the coiiipartments o can be controlled at will.

The hot aii and vapours issuing through the grates Z from each compartment I) are drawn by the hoods 0 and finally evacuated in the atmosphere.

The type of evaporating apparatus which has just been described may, conveniently, bc used for drying fruits, for the Ipurpose of preserving the saine.

The fruits, owing to their treatment in the evaporating apparatus above described, lose ther moisture whilst preserving -their qualities and vtheir sweetness; it is moreover to be noted that during their treatment the fruits are not in contact with any obnoxious gas.

By the combination of the shutters z' and dampers mi, it is possible to previously heat the fruits in an enclosed atmosphere7 so as to avoid these fruits being suddenly sub-Y jected, at the beginning of the operation, to the action of a stream of air which might produce a too rapid drying and cause the hardenng of their envelope.

The present type of evaporating apparatus may also be used with advantage for drying vegetables, confectionery products, chemicals or pharmaceutical products, etc.

rhe present invention is moreover applicable for realizing drying apparatuses for linen.

Ltr

Fig. shows a. method ot construction ot this type ot apparatus.

.ln tris ease, the dif-,fing` apparatus instead ot presenting tivo series, ot supeiposed coinnn ments. comprises tiro chambers if occupying a ll its height and in which hung` Y., linen to be dried.

Het air admitted in each ot these chambers through its upper part; in order to ensure the distribution et this air throughout the Width et the chamber. the upper tace ot the latter inclined and presents a succession et orifices fu each provided with. deflector n. means et this device` the hot air is conreyed. as previously emrilainedq through the tubes 7i. the chambers r. arranged between the lower bottom ot the chambers Z 2 and the tace oit the easing a, andthe conduits 7' and is distributed throunjh the orifices e and the screens a on all the surface ot the chambers 722.

The evacuation ot the hot air and vapours Aformed b5' the Water contained in the linen to be dried, is effected through an orifice l provided at the lovver part oi2 each ot' the chambers b2 and issue in a, draught pipe g. Hoods o, adapted as previously stated to increase the draught and to facilitate the evacuation of the het air and vapours in the atmosphere, are arranged at the upper and lower parts of this draught pipo.

rlhis system ot drying; apparatus completo ly remedies the inconveniences presented by ordinary hot chambers used tor drying` linen. .lis is wel] known, these latter must he brought to a high temperature usually en@ ceedinnV 1000 C., in order to permit the evacuation ot the vapours; this high temperan ture has the disadvantage oit baking the dirt which may be lett 'in the linen it the latter has not been su'llicieutly rinsed and thc linen lireeps a disagreeable smell.; `l'iosides a too irrealheat produces the too rapid drying;V ot' the threads which causes a rapid wear ol the linen. Moreover in the hot chambers the linen runs the rist; et being` burned and even sometimes tire breaks out.

@n the contri/rrr. by means ol the present in ventionn the linen is dried in an atmosphere ot het air constantly renewed and which can never reach a dangerous temperature: consequentlyn all the inconveniences ot the hot chambers are thus done away with.

rPhis system ot drying' apparatus may be devised so as to comprise either ay single drying' chamber or any number ot chambers openingr in a common exhaust conduit.

lt may be constructed either oit sheet-iron in the ease, ot evapora.tine` apparatuses ot small dimensions, or ot reinforced cement or masonry, in the ot industrial apparatuses of laree dimensions.

ln the dryino apparatus illustrated in Fifrs. 6 to 8, the air is heated, hetore its admission in the side conduits f, in a chamber pa, constituted by .double bottom of each .et the chambers. Ziff. This chamber y contains an inner partition jf toii'ming a baille-plate and open'. in the atmosphere through an orifice provi ed with a valve 722 or other member permitting' to control the air admitted.

The air laden with rfater rapour issues at the lou'er part otl each chamber 3 through an oriliee Z provided with a damper in and openingA belovr a draught hood 02 surmounted by a draught pipe In this hood 02 opens a drang` surinounting` a hood 03 arranger turnace s2.

The combustion products trom this tur nace .92 are used tor heatingv the air admitted in. the chamliers pa; tor that piu'poseg under each ot these chambers p, the apparatus has a heating chamber provided Vwith inner partitions 'termine' battle-plates communicatino'.r on the one hand. with the interior ot the furnace through an orifice :r2 and opening: on the other hand* through an orifice under the draught hood 03.

damper r/ permits directing the Whole or a portion ot the combustion products ot the turnace s2 either into the heating?, chamH bers or directly into the draught pipes As previously statedE the combustion prodnets.` owing to their passage from the draught nerr/,le o1 into the draught pipe (/2; creatay in the. space surroundin this draught nor/Axle, a partial vacuum ifiroducinjr a suction oi." the air laden with moisture `which collects at the lower part ot the drying' chambers h3; under the action ot this suction, the air automatically and continuously reneived in the drying chambers.

llllhen the damper y/ is closed the Whole ot' the comlnistion products ot the 'furnace circulatc in the heatingv chambers he'liore es caping iu the draught pipe o2: thi amiaratus thus rires the maximum ot heat,

0n the contraryn it this damper y is comH pletely opent. the Whole ot' the combustion products oit the tui-nace directly escape iu the draught pipe to2 Witl'iout heatingthe air which is to circulate in the drying chambers or compartments.

ht nozzle o1 l above the By opening` the damper g/ to a` .Qjreater or less extent, it is possible to obtain various 'temiieratures within the d ryinpr chambers or compartments.

lt is moreover to he noted that by conipletely opening; the damper a is, possible to obtaiiu in a very short time` the cooling' ot the drying chambers by a rapid circulation ot cold air.

Fie'. 9 shows the application ot the abeve described heating' device to an evaporatingv apparatus having multiple compartments, constituted previously set forth.

lt is to be understood that in this heating device it Will he possible to employ furnaces of any system usi solid or liquid fuelsn The shape, dimensions, constructional details and nature of the materials used will be moditied according to the applications.

Claims:

l. An evaporating apparatus comprising independent compartments for containing the material. to be dried, having at their upper parts hot air inlet orifice and at their lower parts exhaust orifice, a heater for heating the air which is to circulate within these compartments, conduits conducting the hot air to the inlet orifices, a draught pipe in which open the exhaust orifices ot the said compartments and draught nozzles arranged within the draught pipe, at the level of the exhaust orices of the compartments, so that the circulation of the heated air through these draught nozzles creates, withiu the drying compartments, a partial vacuum ensu ing the evacuation ot the air laden with moisture and its replacement b v hot and dry air in an automatic, instantaneous and continuous manner.

2. An evaporating apparatus comprising independent chambers having` inlets at the upper portion and outlets at the lower portion, a heater, conduits for leading the hot air to the inlets of the chambers, a draught pipe into which the outlets ot the chainbers open, and hoods in the draught pipe and provided with draught nozzles.

3. An evaporating apparatus comprising independent chambers having inlet openings in their upper portions, andvexhaust openings at their lower portions, a draught pipe between the chambers and having nozzles arranged therein at the exhaust openings of the chambers, air pipes below the chambers, conduits communicating with the air pipes and leading to the inlet openings of the chambers, a heater, and means whereby the products ot combustion may be utilized t'or heating the air pipes.

el. In an evaporating apparatus, independent chambers having inletY openings in their upper portions and exhaust openings in their lower portions, a draught pipe between the chambers and having nozzles arranged therein at the exhaust openings ot the chambers, air pipes below the chambers communicating with the air pipes and leading to the inlet openings of the chambers, a heater, and means whereby the whole or any portion of all o1c the products ot combustion may be utilized to heat the air pipe or admitted to the draught pipe.

5. In evaporating apparatus', independent chambers having inlets in their upper parts and outlets in their lower parts, a draught pipe between the chambers and having vnozzles therein at the outlet of the chambers, said pipes being each provided with a baffle, and a valve controlling the admission of air thereto, a heater, a heating chamber communicating with the heater and with the draught. pipe, and a valve torpermitting the products oi combustion to enter the draught pipes or the air pipes.

The 'foregoing specilication of my evaporating apparatus, signed by me this th day ot May, 1922.

FRANQOIS NOEL HALARY.