US1511820A - Fuel atomizer and vaporizer - Google Patents

Description

F. ROCHEFORT FUEL ATOMIZER AND VAPORIZER Filed March 25, 1922" i Patented tbtrt ld, l92d..

ERMQI RUCIEIEFRZIL, mi PARIS, .FRANCE lll'UlElL MOMIZER .lllll'lD VMOMZJER.

application med March 2t, 1922. aerial Ito. 646,911.

cording to my invention, the llquid fuel is subjected to several successive actions, viz:

1 Forced feeding under high pressure 20 and minglingof the fuel at a predetermined temperature.

2 Atomization.

3 Vaporization and di'us'ion under the mechanical action of a compressed and expanded gas suited to the nature of the liquid to be vaporized.

4t ignition, when applied to combustion ap aratus.

e accompanying drawing, for purposes i of illustration, shows an embodiment of my apparatus in combination with an i nitin device, intended for supplying liquid uel d1- rectly to an internal combustion engine.

The apparatus comprises a cylinder 1 containinor a movable piston-valve 2. This Huid-t1 ht piston is hollow in order to have a very ow inertia and terminates at one end in a valve 3 the movement of which, in direct relation to the movement of the piston valve, is limited by an abutment.

rfhe fuel to be va orized is forced under high pressure into t e cylinder 1, through the port d.

rlfhe com ressed as used to ed'ect the vaporization 1s intro uced at 5 and, together with the spring 6, causes the return of the piston-valve 2 and the closin of the valve 3.

d port 7 normally close by the piston valve 2 is connected to a pipe 8 leading the fuel to the injector 9 where it enters ooves 10 of increasin cross-section straight or helicoidal accor in to the ap lications, and which are provide in the periphery of, and extend lengthwise along, a mass of nonoxidizahle metal, constituting the heater 11 located within the injector body 9 which is at its end provided with a multiple-jet nozzle 12. lits main jet aperture 15 forms an extension of the central feed channel 13. Fine grooves are provided in the injector` bodyv 9 so as. to constitute a series of secondary jets, gau ed 4and fed by means of ob liquely exten ing conduits opening out into an annular [groove which forms a communication between all the grooves 14.

A casing 16 enclosing the injector-body 9 forms around same an annular chamber 17 of increasing cross-section. y

d ch k valve 18 establishes at the reuired moment a 'communication between t e chamber 17 and the supply of compressed gas at 5. .d small automatic ball-valve A19 allows communication with the atmosphere \at the required moment through the port l The casing 16 ends in a series of dischar e openings 21 constituted by the nozzle 12, t e casing itself and the body of the igniting device 22 opening out into the cylinder 30'of the engine.

'llhe feeding of the first discharge opening occurs throu h ,the helicoidal Arecesses 23 provided in t e body of the nozzle' 12, and that of the second dlschar opening occurs through the annular cham er 24 formed by` bores 1n the Wall of the casing 16 and openinglout into the chamber 17.` lln some cases, a cllow heat-conducting metal sphere 25 brought to the temperature of ignition of the fuel before starting, forms a temperature regulator for the casing 16 and the injector 9. y i

'fhe inside of this sphere 25, which is in contact with the gases during their combustion, may carry blades or wings 26 to increase the radiation surface; its urpose is to regulate the temperature of t e abovementioned elements. The part 22 which is a had conductor, effects the ignition. Apertures 27 are provided to secure the formation of a carburetted zone in front of the ignitingj device.

onduits 28 provided in the-casing 16 allow communication between the chamber 17 and the inside of the sphere 25.

Avcoiled spring 29 constitutes a compensator for the expansion of the heater 11, which is able to move within the body 16 of the injector.

The element 11 is heated by conduction being in contact through its longitudina projections forming the grooves 10 with the injector 9, whichv in turn is in contact witlr the casing 16. rlfhe latter receives its heat from the metal sphere 25. r 1 The operation of the apparatus is as folows:

lhe liquid fuel, fed under hi h pressure by means of a pump, enters t rough the Bort 4. Being non-compressible, it pushes efore it the istonMvalve 2 which controls theopenin o the air admission valve 3 and expelled through the conica uncovers t e port 7 through which the liquid fuel, by way of the pipe 8 reaches the expansion ooves 1.0 around the heater 1.1, whereby t e temperature of the fuel is raised. The fuel isthorouglhly mingled and land 15, of small cross-section, lso as to allowthe expansion of the fuel which owing to its gyratory motion, and its fluidity, Aleaves the jet apertures com letely atomized.

At the moment when the under pressure and the valve 3 is opened therebyilcompressed air under high pressure enters t rough the port 5 and opening check valve 18 flows into the annular chamber 17 of increasin section. The air is heated by they Walls cfg the casing 16 and while passing, carries away with it the atomized liquid escapin from the inclined jet apertures 14 around t e channel 13.

This compressed air passes through the' helicoidal grooves 23 provided in .thebody of the nozzle 12 carryin away with it the atomized fuel escaping t rough the central jet aperture 15 a jet of compressed air alsov made easier by the creation of the agitation and-the whirlwind-like currents around the igniting device 22.v

During the feeding of the fuel, a certain quantity of air passes through the conduits 28 in order -to renew the supply of gases within the sphere 25, which constitutes a temperature-regulating device, in that this v sphere being heated by the gases of combustion yields a certain amount of its heat to the feeding device.

As the injection is completed, the hydraulic pressure ceases and the compressed air exerting a strong pressure on the upper portion of the valve 3 closes the same at the same time returning the piston-valve 2 to its initial position. The port 7 is now again closed until the next injection. During the closing movement of the piston-valve 2 the compressed air still enetrates into the annular chamber 17 an b its expansion completely carries away al the fuel in order to avoid the formation lof a carbonaceous clogging at the end of the injector. flhe automatic ball-valve 19 allows the admission of pure air to expel the burnt gases contained in the chamber 17 when the driving piston is at the admission stage. The circulation and the expansion of the cold air through the annular chamber 17 make it jet apertures 14:

possible to control the temperature of the injector-body 9, the expanded air absorbing olf a certain uantity of heat in order to avoid the con ensation of the fuel during vaorization.

he drawing illustrates one embodiment of my invention, vbut it is quite obvious that the arrangement of the elements composing the pulverizer may vary without the mode of operation being changed.

The device also may have other uses than that indicated. j

I claim as my invention:

el is introd11ced\` 1.V A. liquid fuel atomizer and vaporizer comprising a central heatin body, an injector casing enclosing sai heating body and being spaced therefrom, an injector nozzle at the end of the said casin an outer casing surrounding the said injector casin and forming therewith an annular cham er, a cylinder in communication with the said injector casin a piston valve movable in the said cylin er and adapted to be operated by the pressure of the liquid fuel -to admit the same to the said injectorcasing and an air-inlet valve moving with the said piston-valve, so as to admit pro ortionally to the amount of fuel injected into said injector casing compressed air into the said annular chamber, the compressed air forming a mixture with the heated atomzed fuel in the said injector nozzle and carrying the fuel along with it.

2. The combination as set forth in claim 1, comprising also a spring-controlled check valve interposed between the said air-inlet valve andthe said annular chamber.

3. The combination of the fuel atomizer and vaporizer as set forth in claim 1 with an internal combustion engine, the said combination comprising also a hollow spherical body. arranged around the said outer casing in commumcation with the engine c linder, so as to be heated by the hot combustion gases.

4. The combination of the fuel atomizer and vaporizer as set forth in claim 1 with an internal combustion engine, the said combination comprising also a hollow spherical body arranged around the said outer casing in communication withthe engine cylinder, so as to be heated bythe hot combustion gases, and heat absorbing and conduct- :l'ing1 blades provided in said hollow spherical 5. combined liquid fuel atomizer and vaporizer comprising a central heating body for the fuel containing grooves so as to impart a gyrating motion to the fuel, an injector casing enclosing the said heating body being spaced therefrom, an in'ector nozzle at the end of said casing and aving axial and radial apertures, an outer casing surrounding the said injector casing forming therewith an annular chamber, a cylinder in 'Lerrone 4communication with Seidl injector casing, n

piston-valve morablein snict cyliner enti edn ted to be o crateri by the pressure et the iqnid fuel, t ereby cmitting the seme to the scifi injector cnsing, nn nir-inlet votre moving with the said piston valve so ns to admit compressed nir to the Seidl nnnnlnr chamber in pro ortion to the amount ot trici injected into t e seid injector ceasing, the compressed nir forming n mixture with the hearted etomized fuel in the Seidl injector nozzle, mid n spring-controlled check valve interposed between the said cir-inlet votre endl the scid annular chamber. Y

6.. The combination as set forth in claim il, comprising also en automatic haii-Valve so nrrnnged es to periodicaliy admit pure nir to the seid annular chamber.

iin testimony whereof affix my signature.

FRANQUIS RUCHEFRT.

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