US1510317A - Aeroplane - Google Patents

Description

Sept 30, 1924. 1,510,317

M. GOLD AEROPLANE Filed No v. 10 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet l WIN/E8858 Matthew 002/0? Arron/viva M. GOLD AEROPLANE Sept. 30 1924 1922 4 Sheets-Shet 2 Filed Nov. 10

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M.GOLD

AEROPLANE 4 sheets sheet s ATTORNEYS Filed Noy.-10 1922 Patented Sept. 30, 1924.

PATENT OFFICE.

MATTHEW GOLD, 0F BAYONNE, NEW JERSEY.

' AEROPLANE.

Application filed November 10, 1922. Serial No. 300,188.

T 0 all 'wb am it may concern:

Be it known that l. lVIA'r'rHEW GOLD, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Bayonne, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey. have invented a new and Improved Aeroplane. of which the following is a full. clear. and exact description.

This invention relates to airships and particularly to an improved aeroplane and has for an object to provide a construction whereby the aeroplane may rise from the ground in a minimum space.

Another object of the invention is to pro-,

vide an aeroplane with auxiliary lifting means which will permit the same to rise vertically from the ground or at a very steep angle.

A still further object of the invention is to provide an aeroplane where-in the wings or planes are pivotally mounted so that when rising the resistance will be at a minimum.

In the accompanying drawings- Figure 1 is a side view of an aeroplane disclosing an embodiment of the invention, the same being shown as it appears-when rising vertically.

Figure 2 is a top plan view of the plane shown in Figure 1 when the same is in flight.

Figure 3 is a front view of'the structure shown in Figure 1. i

Figure 4 is a sectional view through Figure 2' approximately on line 4-4.

Referring to the accompanying drawings by numeral, 11 indicates the fuselage which may be of any desired or preferred type and provided with suitable rudders and elevators as well as with a suitable landing gear. Arranged at the front of the fuselage is the usual propeller 12 adapted to operate in the usual manner. '13 and 14 indicate the planes or wings which are of the usual construction and provided with the usual ailerons and other associated parts which'form no part of the present invention. The idea is to provide a pair of wings 13 and 14 of any desired construction and to pivotally mount the beam 15 in suitable hearings in the fuselage 11 so that the wings may be swung from the position shown in Figure 1 to the position shown in Figure 3 and in dotted lines in Fi re 1.

hen the aeroplane is moving vertically as shown in Figure 1,'the position of the wings inclined downwardly reduces the resistance to the elevation of the aeroplane but as soon as the aeroplane has reached a desired elevation and the propeller 12 started to cause the airship to move forward, the pressure on the under surface of the wings will quickly move the same upwardly until part of the rear edge. will snap over the hook 16 which is held in a given position by a spring 17 and a stop 18. A stop 19 acts against the wing to prevent it from moving upwardly too far while the hook 16 will snap beneath part of the wing and prevent itsdownward movement in case it should have any tendency to swing downwardly during flight. After landing, the hook 16 must be manually disengaged in order to allow the wings to move downwardly. If this is not done the vertical acting propellers 20 and 21 cannot produce the same desirable lifting efi'ect though the aeroplane could be launched by a. vertical movement in the usual manner of launching aeroplanes. A pair of pins or projections 26 and 27 are-secured to each wing near the fuselage and project into the respective guides 28 and 29, which guides are channel iron devices secured to the fuselage, guide 28 having a bottom or end member 30 for limiting the downward movement of the respective wings. A plurality of links 31 are secured to the respective wings 13 and 14 and said links in turn are secured to small planes or wings 32 and 33 arranged below the wings or planes 13 and 14 and assist in lifting and stabilizing the aeroplane.

In order that the aeroplane may move vertically upwardly. the propellers 20 and 21 are operated while the propeller 12 remains stationary. If there 1s a small space Wherebythe aeroplane may move forwardly at the same time that it rises, the respective propellers 20 and 21 may operate at the same time as the propeller 12 so that there will bean upward and forward movement simultaneously. When the propellers'2O and 21 alone are being used, the clutch 34 is in operative position so as to connect the engine 35 which is of the ordinary type with the drivin gear 36. A pair of pimons 37 and 38mes with this gear, said pinions operating the respective shafts 39 and 40. These shafts are arranged in tubular members 41 and 42 whichare connected in any desired manner with the horizontal members 43 on whichtherespective propellers 20 and 21 are mounted. A bevel gear 44 is connected to the shafts 39 and 40 and said bevel gears in turn mesh with the bevel gears and 46 secured to the respective propellers 20 and 21. A link 47 is connected with the clutch 34 and said link in turn is actuated by the hand lever 48 whereby the engine 35 may be connected to the propellers 20 and 21 at any time by the operator. The clutch 34 has been shown as a )ositive clutch but if desired it could be a friction clutch or in fact any kind of a clutch. Arranged at the front of the engine 35 is another clutch 49 which is shown as a friction clutch and which is operated by the aviator through the lever 50 and the link 51. After the aeroplane has moved up vertically the desired distance. the aviator shifts the lever 50 and throws the clutch 49 gradually into operative position so that the propeller 12 will gradually speed up and, consequently, there will be a double load on the engine 35, namely, the load produced by the propeller 12 and that produced by the propellers 20 and 21. f

As soon as the aeroplane has attained a certain forward speed, the lever 41 is actuated for throwing out the clutch 34 whereupon all of the power is automatically transmitted to the propeller 12 and the respective lifting propellers 20 and 21 are entirely disconnected. When this occurs the aeroplane is acting in the usual manner of aeroplanes now in common use.

If desired, an attachment may be provided for the respective wings to assist in landing. This attachment consists of auxiliary planes 13' and 14 mounted on top of the respective planes 13 and 14 and slidingly positioned in the respective guides 52. These guides are rigidly secured to the upper part of the respective wings 13 and 14 and guide the auxiliary planes in a back and forth movement, said auxiliary planes having rearwardly extending projections 53 whereby the principal part of the auxiliary planes may be projected forwardly beyond the front edge of the wings 13 and 14 to roduce a large supporting surface and there y permit the aeroplane to land at a very slow speed. In ordinary operation, the auxiliary planes 13 and 14 are left in place on top of the planes 13 and 14 but when they are to be used they are moved forwardly through the action of one or Iniore racks 54 for each auxiliary plane, said racks meshing with the pinions 55 actuated by the rod 56, which rod is rigidly secured to the pinion 22 meshing with the pinion 23. The pinion 23 is rotated by the shaft 24 operated by the crank 25, which crank is ositioned near the aviators seat. It will noted from Figure 2 that the rod 56 extends through the fuselage and to the tips of each of the wings so that one bevel gear 22 Will be sufficient to operate both of the pinions 55 and racks 54. The detall construction of the wings and fuselage form no part of the present invention but merely the way they are mounted and swing as described. The beam 15 may extend from one'tip of one wing to the tip of the opposite wing and through the fuselage in the usual manner or maybe merely journaled in the fuselage in some desired way which will allow theswinging action heretofore set forth. In respect to the various wings, it will be noted that there is provided an aileron 57 mounted adjacent each end of thetransverse brace 43, said aileron being of any desired construction and operated by suitable wires or cords 58 guided in any desired manner to a position adjacent the seat of the aviator. It is also evident that other forms of aileron might be used without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What I claim. is:

1. In an aeroplane of the character described, a fuselage, lifting means for moving the fuselage vertically, propelling means for moving the fuselage horizontally, a pair of wings pivoted adjacent their front edges to the fuselage and adapted to have their rear edges pointing downwardl as the aeroplane is being moved vertically, and means for automatically locking said wings in a substantially horizontal position by atmospheric pressure after the fuselage has been moved horizontally a given distance.

2. In an aeroplane of the character described, a fuselage, a pair of lifting propellers, a driving propeller, means for operating all of said propellers, means for turning on and off the power means in respect to the lifting propellers and the driving propeller, a pair of lifting planes, means for pivotally mounting said lifting planes on to said fuselage near one edge of the lifting planes. and a stop for each of said lifting planes and a catch for locking the lifting planes at ainst said stops, said planes being operated y atmospheric pressure to automatically swing about their pivot into locking engagement with said catch upon horizontal movement of the aeroplane.

3. In an aeroplane of the character described, a fuselage, a pair of wings pivotally connected to the fuselage, a pair of pins ex-' tending from each of the wings, a guide coacting with said pins for guiding the wings as they swing, and means for locking said wings normally against swinging action, said locking means comprising spring actuated catches mounted on the fuselage in the path of the rear edges of the planes, and a stop adapted to limit the movement of the planes adjacent said catches.

4. In an aeroplane of the character described, a fuselage, propelling and steering means, a pair of sustaining planes connected with the fuselage, a pair of guides mounted on top of each of said sustaining planes, an auxlllary sustaining plane arranged in 5 project beyond the front edge of the first mentioned planes, said projections fitting into'sai d guides and thereby permitting a maximum movement of'the auxiliary planes.

5. In an aeroplane of the character de- 1 0 scribed, a fuselage, a pair of lifting propellers, a driving propeller,- a power mem- /ber, means for connectlng the respective lifting and driving propellers independent to the power member, a pair of sustainlng planes 15 pivotally mounted on the fuselage adapted to be swunginto a substantially Vertical position when the lifting propellers are in operation arid to be swung into a substantially horizontal position by atmospheric pressure when the driving propeller is in operation, means'on said fuselage for automatically locking said planes in horizontal position,'a pair of balancing Wings connected to said first mentioned planes for movement therewith, a pair of guides mounted on the top of each of said sustaining planes, an auxiliary plane for each of said sustaining planes mounted on top thereof, and manually actuated means for moving said auxiliary planes to project beyond the first mentioned planes 'and thereby increase the Wing surface of said aeroplane.

QMA-TTHEW GOLD.-

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