US1505780A - Soil-sampling tool - Google Patents

Description

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C C HANSEN SOIL SAMPLING TOOL Filed Sent.

Aug. 19 1924.

raam ug.. 19,1924.

ED STATES CHARLES c. HANSEN, or EASTON, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOE To INGERSOLLRAND COMPANY, or JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION or NEW JERSEY.'

SOIL-SAMPLING TOOL.

Application led September 14, 1923. Serial No. 662,750.

To' all whom it 'may concern.' p

Be itknown that I, CHARLES C. HANSEN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Easton, county of Northampton, State 'g5 of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain SoilSampling rl`ool, of which the following 1S a speci cation accompanied by drawings.

This invention relates to core drills and 1c partlcularly to a drill of this general type aving a double core barrel and adapted to obtain samples of earth or other Amaterial which is more or less dry or loose in formation. Heretofore it has been extremely difli icult t obtain satisfactory specimens of earth formation where the subsoil or other material is dry and loose, particularly where f several different strata are encountered at one location. These strata may so comprise clay, loose earth, sand, stone, ashes and gravel which will not hold together en masse for obtaining acore by the usual or standard form of core drill. This is mainly due to the fact that rotation of the core as barrel of the drill tends tol separate the strata and loosen the'material.

The objects of this invention are to eficiently and expeditiously obtain samples composed of loose earth or other incohesive 3c material; to protect the core while the tool is being advanced and prevent its disintegration as far as possible; to convey the dbris \from the hole during the dr'l ing and to facilitate the handlin of the sample vduring so its removal from the ole.

A further important object is-to enable an ordinary or standard form of core drill of the type having a double core barrel to be adapted for use as a soil coring or sampling tool by the simple addition of an auxlliary part forming an intermediate section between the core barrel and cutting bit, or which may form a permanent part of either the core barrel or bit as desired, thus G rendering unnecessary the use of a special type of core drill when loose formations are encountered. Further objects of the invention will hereinafter appear, and to all these ends the invention consists of a soil coring 5@ or sampling tool having the features of construction, arrangement of parts and combinations of elements substantially as hereinafter fully described and claimed in this `specification and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation artly 1n section of one preferred form of t e in-v vention showin the device as it appears during the drilllng; 1 Figure 2 is a fragmentary elevation partly in section of the lower end of the drill showlng the cutting edges of the bit and the lower end of the core barrel as they appear vduring removal of the sample from the hole,

and L Figure 3 is a transverse sectional view n taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 1, looking 1n the direction of the arrows. l Inthe drawin s a double barrel core drill 1s shown, inclu ing a core barrel plug A adapted to be rotated through the agency of the usual'rotatable spindle or drill rod (not shown), an outer core barrel B the upper end of which is threaded to the plug A and adapted to rotate therewith, a relatively non-rotatable inner core barrel or casing C, and an outer cylindrical cutting bit D. The core drill is adapted to be used in -any character of formation, a bit of the proper type for such formation being generally secured directly to the core barrel B. In drilling in hard formations a shot bit is frequently used, and for soft formations a iish-tail bit or a cutter bit has been found to be most satisfactory. .In the present in.- stance the bit D has been shown as a cutter bit, or toothed cutter, and instead of being attached directly to the core barrel, a removable intermediate section E is interposed between the core barrel B and bit D m accordance with the purposes of this invention. The bit D is threaded to the lowery portion of the intermediate section E as shown at F, and the section E, which has the same external diameter as the bit D and outer core barrel B, is threaded within the lower portion of the core The threaded portionsof the lower ends of the core barrel B at G and intermediate section E at F correspond so that the intermediate section E is interchangeable with the bit for attachment to the core barrel.

The inner core barrel or cylindrical casing C is loosely supported within the outer core barrel B and 1s spaced therefrom, probarrel B as at G.

vidng an annular space H for the passage .of liquid to the base of the hole and for other purposes which will later appear. The bottom of the inner core barrel C rests upon an annular flange or filling ring J, which in turn rests on the upper end of the intermediate section E within the outer core barrel B. The upper end of the inner barrel C lits over the projecting lower end K and is supported and freely guided thereby without rotation. The core barrel plug A is provided with a chamber L supplied with liquid through the spindle (not shown) and inclined passages C lead from the chamber L to the annular space H between the inner and outer core barrels B and C. The liquid used for washing away the dbris traverses the space H and tures P at the base of the core barrel B and from thence to the bit D at the base of the' hole. The cuttin s are expelled from the hole by the upwar flow of liquid along the outer sides of the core barrel B in the usual manner.

The intermediate removable section E with contained'parts, I term a core saver. The inner wall of the intermediate section E is provided with a spiral groove Q in which a spiral flight or conveyor R is adapted to be fitted, the groove Q being of the same pitch as the conveyor R. When screwed into place in the groove Q the spiral conveyor is securely fastened in place as by one or more rivets g. The conveyor R is in the form of a spiral blade or -disc adapted to close and substantially seal the bottom of the inner core barrel C. The blade has a smooth upper surface and is disposed about the longitudinal axis of the core barrel and rotatable with the core barrel B and bit D. A cutter S is also provided for breaking up the core of materiali as the drilling progresses. As the core barrel and bit rotate the core of material is broken up or disintegrated and is carried by the spiral blade R into the interior of the inner core barrel C, where the material rises in the form of a loose sample e of the formation being drilled. The inner core barrel remains substantially stationary during rotation of the core barrel B and bit D.

The spiral conformation of the blade R commences at t-he cutter S and continues for substantially a single turn, terminating at a point substantially above the point of commencement, and a radial entrance opening T is formed between said points of commencement and termination. A closure is provided for the opening T and in this instance the closure comprises a shutter U suitably hinged or pivoted at V to the upper ter minus of the tially at the end thereof. The shutter U is adapted to meet the lower end of the blade R substantially at the point of commencement of the spiral, rearwardly of the cutpasses out through the aper-l spiral blade R and substan-V ter S, and is disposed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the core drill when seated over the entrance opening T.

A spiral screw W` formed at the central plug X projects downwardly from the conveyor blade R in position to enter the core of material Y during rotation of the core barrel and bit, and vacts to maintain intimate contact between the cutter S and core Y while the drill is in operation. The shutter U is adapted to be raised on its hinges V by the core Y to permit entrance of the drilled material past the cutter S and into the interior of the inner core barrel C during rotation of the core barrel B. When rotation ceases, the shutter U falls to its seat on the lower end of the blade R, closing the radial opening T, substantially sealing the inner core barrel and preventing the passage of material out of the inner core barrel C when lifting the core drill and contained sample e out of the hole. y

As the sample rises in the barrel C, a certain amount of pressure might be set up due to air or liquid, or both, confined within the barrel C above the sample. This might tend to impede the upward progress of the material forming the sample, and to prevent such interference, means are preferably provided for relieving the pressure or other accumulation within the core barrel C. In the present instance these means include a pressure controlled relief valve Z which opens when the pressure exceeds a. certain limit and allows the air or liquid to pass into a second chamber a located in the portionl K of the plug A, from whence the fluids are permitted to escape through a ort b, into the annular space H, and to the ase of the hole. The pressure of the trapped fluids is in this manner utilized to assist in expelling the detritus from the hole.

Substantially perfect samples of material are expeditiously and economically obtained with the use of the present core saver, for one reason because it is not necessary to use a special type of drill when loose formations are encountered. The standard core drill used for obtaining solid cores of hard material is quickly converted into a soil coring or sampling tool by the simple addition of the intermediate section containing the core saving device.

What I claim is: A soil coring tool comprising an outer rotatable core barrel, a relatively non-rotatable inner core barrel, a bit adapted to cut a core of material and a removable intermediate section between said outer core barrel and bit, said section being interchangeable with the bit Vfor attachment to the outer core barrel, a conveyor located in said removable section adapted to enclose the bottom of said inner corebarrel, said conveyor comprising a spiral blade disposed about the longitudinal axis of the tool and rotatable with the outer core barrel and bit and having a cutter for breaking up the core of material as the drilling progresses, said blade commencing at said cutter and terminating at a point substantially above the point of commencement, whereby a radial entrance opening is formed between said points, a closure for. said opening comprising a shutter hingedly secured to the upper end of the spiral blade substantially at the end thereof and adapted to meet the lower end of the blade substantially at the point of commencement of the spiral and rearwardly of the cutter, said shutter being dis-L posed at an angle to the longitudinal axis when seated over said entrance opening, and a screw projecting downwardly from said conveyor for maintaining intimate contact between the cutter end the core during rotation of the drill, said shutter being adapted to permit entrance of the drilled material into the casing during rotation of the outer core barrel and to prevent passage of the material out of the inner core barrel when rotation ceases.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification.

CHARLES C. HANSEN.

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