US1505256A - Spring washer - Google Patents

Description

R. F. GOLDEN SPRIHG WASHER Filed May 8, 1923 Hil 6 //1 a J. $4 I l I 4 .HoZer-i ATTORNEY.

Patented Aug. 19, 1924.

' UNITED"- STATES To all whom) it may comm: 1

Be it known that 1, ROBERT F. GoLnEN, a'citiaen of the United States, residing at South Orange, in the county of Essex and 5 State ofvNew Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Spring Washers; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of v In spring-washers of the split-ring t 'pe' as heretofore constructed, whether t eywere of the plain spiral typeor of the cor- 2 rugated or deformed type, and whether the material was rectangular 1n cross-section or of other shapes (as, for example, of keystone shape) the material transversely has been in planes substantially at right angles 2 to the axis of the spiral, so that when the spring-washerwas compressed between parallel surfaces, all portions of the width were deflected an equal distance. Theinner circumference of a spring-washer is considerably shorter than the outer circumfer ence and, since the strains setup in defleeting a rod, or a section of a rod, are directly proportional to the distance it is deflected and inversely roportional to its length (gthat is to say, t e strains increase as the istance deflected increases, and increase'as the'length of the 'rod decreases) it follows that -in such spring-washers the material at and near the inner circumfer- 4o ence was subject to greater strains than the material at and near the outer circumference; whereas,- in order to secure maximum efliciency, all portions of the material should be subject to the same strains, as

otherwise the elastic limit of one portion will be exceeded before that of another portion is reached.- In order to increase the efiiciency of the spring-washer, I so fashion the material composing it that the V inner and shorter circumference of the spring-washer will, in the act of being compressed between parallel surfaces, be deflected a less distance than the outer and longer circumference, so that-all portions of 'tiallythe same strains.

* I 1,505,256 PATENT ome a 'nonnnr r. GOLDEN, or sou'rn omen, new JEnsEY, ASSIGNOR TO 'rnnnarIoNAL Loox wasnna comrmx, or NEWARK, new msny, a coaroaarron or New srme wasnnm Application filed Kay 8, 1928. Serial No. 637,432,

the material will be subject to substan- In a spring-washer of the split-ring type,

eitherspiral or deformed, or both spiral and deformed, be subject to compression be: tween parallel surfaces, it will be comstrains which tend to compress or crimp the metalwhich is inside the medial' line of the spring-washer, and without developing any strains which tend to expand or rupture of the spring-washer, as would be the case if the spring-washer were a continuous one, or if the ends of the spring-washer were not free to move, as they are in the split-ring type of spring-washer. Such flattened conpletely flattened out without developing any 05 the metal which is outside-stile medial line dition I will call the ultimate plane of compression. By forming a spring-washer -of the split-ring type so that-the inner and shorter circumference departs from the ultimate plane of compression by an amount less than does the outer and longer circumference, thestrains in ortions of the material throughout its wi th may he substantially, equalized. In such a spring- Washer the spiralit of the inner circumference is less than t at of the outer circum ferenoe-or, in other words, the inner.cir-

cumference in approaching the ultimate,

plane of compression moves a shorter distance than does the outer circumference. In so fashioning the spring-washer, I prefer to make the material transversely in planes converging to a. common the axis of the'washer, although this is not necessary to'the embodiment of my invention in its broader aspects. 7

Referring to the drawings, Figure l is an elevation in perspective of. a springwasher of a plain spiral split-ring type constructed in accordance with the preferred form, of my invention.

Figure 2 is a plan view of the same.

Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a. section on the line 4-4: of

Figure 5 is an elevation in perspective of a spring-washer similar to that shown in Figure 1, butwith the material formed in a series ofcorrugations or deformations.

Fi ure 6 is a plan view of the structure point on Figure 7 is a section on the line 7-7 of Fi ure 6. I

igure 8 is a section on the line 8 -8 of Figure 6.

In each of the figures, 9- is a springwasher of the split-ring type. A-,A is the this is not necessary, to my invention in its broader aspects) that these planes all meet at a common point on the axis A-A. The essential thing is that, in a practical sense, theinner circumference of the spring- Washer, as is clearly shown in the drawings, in being deflected to or toward the ultimate plane of compression, moves a shorter distance than does the outer circumference. In other words, considering the spring-washer as made up of a series of parallel rods which are progressively shorter as they approach the inner circumference, and are progressively longer as they approach the outercircumference, these .rofis, in being deflected toward or to the plane of ultimate compression, are deflected distances substantially directly pro:

tially meet at .an apex locaterl on the axis thereof. l

3. A spiral spring-Washer of the splitring type, the material thereof transversely being so formeri that the pitch of those spiral lines containeii in the inner circumference is less than the'pitch of those spiral lines contained in the outer circumference.

In testimony whereof I afix my signature hereto;

ROBERT F, GOLDEN. r

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