US1504567A

US1504567A - Waving of hair

Info

Publication number: US1504567A
Application number: US666800A
Authority: US
Inventors: Macdonald William; Macdonald Hugh
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1923-10-05
Filing date: 1923-10-05
Publication date: 1924-08-12
Anticipated expiration: 1941-08-12

Description

W. MQCDONALD ET AL WAVING OP HAIR Filed Oct. 5, 1925 Patented Ango i2, i924?.

nutren stares WILLIAM MACDONALD AAND HUGH MAGZDONALD, OF INVERNESS, SCOTLAND.

WAVIN'G 0Fy HAIR.

Application filed yOctober 5, 1923. Serial No, 666,809,

To all whom t may concer/n:

Be it known that we, WILLIAM MAC- DONALD and HUGH MACDONALD, both subjects of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and both residing at Heathfield, 4 Kenneth Street, Inverness, in the county of Inverness, Scotland, have invented certain new and useful lmprovementsin and Relating to the lVaving of Hair, of which the the wound hair within a casing containing a preparation such as borax, adapted to give ofi steam or moisture when the casing is heated by an externally applied electrical heater.

It has been proposed to employ a dry heat to hair waving appliances by admitting steam to a closed elastic walled acket so that the hair was subjected to the heat and pressure of the steam. i

The object of the invention is to provide an improved heat, ,steam4 or moisture treatmentfor the coiled hair, either alone or in the presence of some suitable preparation or together with another vapour or other vapours.

The invention consists in providing means for waving hair comprising a steam generator (or a series of steam generators) located away from the head of the subject, adapted to generate steam suitable for use as a heating and moisture supplying medium for the waving of hair, and adjustable conduits for conveying the steam from the generator `(or generators) to hair-Waving appliances.

The invention also consists in providing means whereby the steam or vapour may be applied from the centre of the convolutions of hair outwardly and externally of the wound or coiledhair.

Further features of the invention will hereinafter appear.

ln carrying the invention into eect according to one convenient mode, by way of example, a steam generator or a series of steam` generators of any appropriate known type is J'rovided and has any suitable means for app ying the required heat thereto. In the case of a single generator a series or plurality of valve-controlled outlets or connections is provided through which the steam generated may be assed, either singly or in groups. The gen rator may be provided with a safety valve or a device adapted to maintain a suitable pressure within the generator.

Thevalve-controlled outlets from the generators are preferably coupled with. flexible tubes or pipes adapted to be connected to the hair-Waving appliances. Suitable means vfor support-ing or suspending the tubular connections may be provided. in the neighbourhood of the subject so that the hair-waving appliances may be held or supported in suitable relationship to the head of the subject.

If desired, permanent or rigid tubular connections 'may be provided from the steam generator to a suitable point over or adjan cent the subjects position and flexible connections employed simply from the eX tremities of the permanent or rigid pipes to the appliances.

Where a plurality. of steamf generators is employed, each connected. to its own hairwaving appliance, it may not be necessary to provide a control valve, it being only necessary to remove the source of heat in order to terminate the treatment. A series of such independent steam generators may be heated by a gas flame or by an electric heating element.

Each hair-'waving appliance may be separately connected to a valve-controlled outlet from the generator or a single outlet may be connectedto a plurality of hair-waving appliances and valve means employed for selective or mass treatment.

The steam may be applied to the hair under treatment by introducing itinto cas# ings of known type 'surrounding the hair butit is preferred that the treatment of the hair should be carried out according to the subjoineddescription.

In the -accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation ot a. steam generating device adapted to supply steam to a plurality of hair-waving appliances;

Figure 2 is a plan view ot Figure TL;

Cil

Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of the appliance in relation to the position of the subject to be treated;

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a hair-waving appliance according to the invention, and

Figure 5 is a similar view of a modified form of hair-waving appliance.

According to one convenient mode of carrying the invention into effect as illustrated by way of example in Figures l to 3 of the accompanying drawings, a steam generator a supported by an arm or bracket of a stand b is provided with a series of inverted U- shaped pipes or tubes a which on. the one side communicate with the steam space of the generator and on the outer side are downwardly directed and adapted to receive rubber connections, suchas c. In the present example, a series of twelve U-shaped pipes a is illustrated in the drawings but it is to be understood that this number may be varied according to requirements.

The generator a is provided with a false bottom beneath which an electric heating element a2 is fitted. i

The generator is provided with a safety valve a3, a valve-controlled filling connection a* and a blow-off or relief cock a5.

Upon the outer side of the generator may be provided a rail or guard d adapted to hold off or prevent thefiexible tubes or pipe connections c from coming into contact with the generator surface.

Eachtube c is adapted to be connected either directly or indirectly to a hairwaving appliance. According to the preferred mode each tube'is connected by means of a T-piece o having a control valve 02, on the one hand to another flexible or rigid tube c3 and on the other hand to a container such as a flexible bulb or ball c". The tube 03 is intended to be connected to a hair-waving appliance. The bulb or ball is employed to collect any water which may condensein the pipe c and is readily removable so that it may be emptiediwhen an accumulation occurs. The length of the pipes c should be such as to bring the more or less horizontal connection `c3 into the vicinity of the head of the subject to be treated.

In order that the height of the branch conneet-ion may be adjusted and in order to take the weight from the tube, a Isuspending device may be clamped to the rail d. This suspending device may be used in conjunction with individual tubes or with groups thereof.

The preferred form ofsuspending devicey comprises a clamp adapted to be secured to the rail d in any adjusted position provided with a spring roll-up steel or other tape, wire lor chain, which may be released by a catch somewhat on the principle of the 4wellknown measuring tape.

The tubes c may be each connected to a hair-waving appliance, the end of a tube being introduced between the appliance upon which the hair has been wound and the outer jacket or case with which it is customary to surround the hair. method the heat treatment of the hair is effected in the humid atmosphere of the steam applied externally.

A special covering or jac'ke-t may be provided consisting of a substantially rigid double-walled cylinder g, the central cylindrical space g of which is closable around a tress of hair at one end. The inner wall (/2 of the jacket is provided with perforations g3 through which the steam is adapted to act upon the hair wound upon any suitable hair-waving appliance which is intro duced into the central space through the open end of the jacket. The space between the double walls is closed at the end adapted to lie adjacent the head of the subject and may be open as at le or partially closed to allow the steam finally to escape at the other end. The steam may be supplied to the jacket through any suitable nipple or nozzle to which. the. flexible connection may be connected.

According to another mode of applying steam and heat treatment, the hair-waving appliance may consist of an inner tube or tubular member e (see Figure 4) into one end of which a tube c3 may be fitted in a manner suitable to supply steam through the tube e. e

At the inner end, that is to say at the end of the tube e which will be adjacent the head of the subject, it is preferred to provide. a bell-shaped mouth e or to provide a flange or thickening at this portion with a view to positioningT an outer tube which will be referred to below. At the other end of the tube a. milled flange or ring e2 is provided. Upon the tube e an outer tube or tubular member f is mounted upon which the hair is adapted to be wound.

The outer tube f is arranged upon the inner tube so that relative rotary motion maybe effected between the two tubes by aid of the milled flange or ring e2 a-nd any convenient locking means m may be employed to secure the two tubes in fixed rela tion after rotation has taken place when the coils of hair upon the outer tube f have been tightened.

lf desired. the end e' of the tube e may bc providedwith a slot e3 or other means to facilitate the gripping of the hair adjacent the roots of the tress under treatment.

rPhe two tubes, after the hair has been wound upon the outer one, are suitably en closed within a jacket or cover g of rubber. material generally known as cellophane, or oilskin or like material.

Steam supplied by the pipe n enters the tube e and finds its egress through the end e According to this lllll lll) lill

incase? and passes backwardly over the coiled hair to find its egress at l: between the cover or casing and the end of the tube to which the pipe c3 is connected.

lt will 'be observed that in this mode of treatment the hair is treated externally with the humid atmosphere of steam while the heat in passing along the tubular member e causes heat to be disseminated and applied to the coiled hair from the centre oi the tress outwardly.

'l'hetoregoing description has been con-` lined to the treatment of hair by steam applied externally to the tress. Accordingr to they invention steam may be admitted internally so that it finds its way out from the centre of the tress and percolates through the hair which is wound under tension, for example an inner tubular member' e (see Figure 5) is provided with an end which` is closed by an element e'a which may engage the tube by screwthreaded means. This element may be of forked or slotted form as at e3 in order to accommodate the tress of hair and facilitate securing it by the aid of a tying member. At the other end the tube e may be provided with a liange or ring e2 similar to that described in connection with Figure 4 and a steam supplying tube c3 may be introduced into the end of the tube adjacent the dange or ring.

Around the tubular member e is mounted an outer tubular member f and arranged so that relative rotary movement may be eiiected between itself and the tube e. Appropriate locking means fm, may be provided for the two tubes. y i

The inner tube e towards the end bearing the element et is provided with a series of peritorations e in order that the steam may first issue adjacent that part of the tube which lies nearest the roots of the hair. The outer tube may be perforated throughout its length as at e or for a suitable portion thereof. Where the tube is not perforated throughout its length, it is preferred that near the `Hangs e2 pertorations are provided so as finally to ensure the tree escape of the steam.

Steam supplied through the pipe c and issuing; through the pertorations of the inner member, passes? outwardly through the tress of hair by means of the perforations in the outer tubes, the portion of the tress of hair being; treated ,by the steam at its ,greatest heat being that inthe vicinity of the perforations. inthe inner member., rthe tubes with the hair appropriately wound thereon may be provided with a covering L so that the steam on escaping trom the inside of the curler will also till this envelope thus giving an entra external application ot steam in addition to the internal application.

lf desired the external mode of treatment may be combined with the internal mode as described in connection with Figure 5, for example, tubes may be provided whereby the steam is supplied internally and at the same time externally to the hair by aid of a double walled or other jacket device or byemploying an axial escape for the Isteam into a covering elementsuch as described in connection with Figure 5.

Any preparation such as borax or the like may be introduced into a jacket or adjacent the Wound hair in such a manner that the preparation will come under the action ot' the steam. Furthermore, if desired, any appropriate oil or volatile substance or preparation may be introduced into the steam generator so that the vapours or oil or volatile matter pass over with the steam to treat the hair.

`While it is preferred to treat the coiled' hair to the humidity of the steam in addition to the heating quality thereof, moisture may be supplied from another source such as any of those modes known at. the present time by the use of sachets, containers for preparations and. so forth. in which event the steam may be employed solely as an internal heating medium and may not come into contact with the hair at all. With this purpose in view the hair may beV dampened or a sachet containing borax or other preparation may be employed and the steam supplied internally of the wound hair and conveyed away to an appropriate situation for escape after lthe heat thereof has served its purpose.

Having now described our invention what we claim as new and desire tolsecure by lietters Patent is l.. Improvements relating to the waving of hair comprising in combination, means for generating steam away from the head 'ot the subject, a hair-waving appliance having an outer tubular member on which the hair is wound, an inner member to which the hair is attached and adapted to be rotated relatively to the other member, and a jacket enclosing the hair-waving appliance and comprising an outer wall and an inner wall which enclose between them a steam space supplied with steam trom the generator, the said inner wall havinga series ot pertorations for permitting the steam to be liberated interiorly ot the achet towards the hair wound upon the appliance.

2. lmprovements relating; to the waving oi' hair comprising in combination, means for generating steam away from the head ot' the subject, a hair-waving appliance upon which the hair is wound, a jacket enclosing the hair upon the appliance and means for .supplying an internal heat to hair wound upon the appliance and tor liberating steam within the jacket, comprising a tubular member arranged internally of the hair-Waving appliance.

3. Improvements relating to the Waving of hai-r including a hai-r waving appliance Vcomposed yof an inner tubular member to which steam is supplied, an outentubular member on which the hair is woundv` the two tubular members being adapted to be rotated relatively to one another and means for locking such in the required position.

4. Improvements relating to the waving ofJ hair comprising means for generating steam away from the headl of a subject, a conduit for conveying steam, a hair waving appliance consisting 4of an inner tubular member open at one end and attached to the steam conduit at `the other, an outer tubular member on which the hair is wound, the two tubular members being adapted to be rotated, relatively to one another and means for locking such in the required p0- sition to maintain tension upon the wound hair. p

5. Improvements relating to the waving of hair comprising means for generating steam away from the head of a subject, a

conduit for conveying steam, a hair waving appliance consistmg in an inner tubular member closed at one end and connected to the conduit at the other and having perforations, an outer/tubular member about which the hair is wound and having perforations and the two members being adapted to be rotated relatively to one another and means for locking such in the required position to maintain tension upon the wound hair.

6. Improvements relating to the waving of hair as claimed in claim 5 wherein the 'perforations inthe inner tubular member are located in the region where the tress of hair nearest its roots is wound.

y 7. Improvements relating to the waving ofhair as claimed in claim 5 wherein the outer tubular member is provided with ,openings towards its extremity away from the head of the subject, to ensure the .free escape of steam Substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification.

WILLIAM MACDONALD. HUGH MACDONALD.