US1501036A

US1501036A - Poppet valve

Info

Publication number: US1501036A
Application number: US569989A
Authority: US
Inventors: Michael J Boyle
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1922-06-21
Filing date: 1922-06-21
Publication date: 1924-07-15
Anticipated expiration: 1941-07-15

Description

M. J. BOYLE Juy 1s 1924.

POPPE'I VALVE Filed June 21. 1922 Patented `luly 15, 1924.

unirse srmas Param eil-Fica MICHAEL J. BOYLE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

Application led June 21, 1922. Serial No. 569,989.

To all whom t may concern: y

Be it known that I, MICHAEL J. BoYLE, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Poppet Valves, of which the following is a specification, and which are illustrated Ain the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

The invention relates tovpoppet valves for internal combustion engines, and has for its object to provide a valvewhich will be quiet in operation and of high etiiciency and great durability, especially for controlling the eX- haust ports of the engine. In the accom panying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a central sectional view showing the head and adjacent portion of the stem of the improved valve, with a detail of the valve seat;

Figs. 2 and 3 are planviews of elements Employed in the construction of the valve Fig. 4 is a plan view showing a pair of the valves oia modified form designed to control inta e and exhaust ports of increased size without a corresponding increase in the amount of space occupied'by the said ports' and valves, andy also showing a detail of the wall of the chamber in which the said ports are formed;

Fig, 5 is a detail side elevation of the valves illustrated in Fig. 4, with the associated valve seats shown in section:

Fig.k 6 is a plan view of a valve having a head of another modified form, partly broken away to illustrate the interior construction of the head;

Fig. 7 is a detail side elevation of the valveillustrated. in Fig. 6, with the associated valve seat shown in section; and

Fig. ,8 is a side elevation, partly in section, showingl a still Jfurther modification, with a detail of the associated tappet and cam.

On the drawings a portion only of an engine. which may be of the internal combustion type, is shown. Since the specific features of theengine constitute no part `of ,the present invention it is not thought necessary to show those features.` The invention relates more particularly to the construction of the valve and its relation to the engine.

The head of thevalve is formed' from a plurality of plates at least one of which is more or less resilient. While in the forms of the device selected to illustrate the invention a plurality of resilient or elastic plates are employed, it is 'understood that the construction may be otherwise. As shown on the drawings, the valve head is of laminated structure, and vcomprises an intermediate group of relatively thin elastic sheet steel plates, as 10 and 11 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3). These plates are shaped to conform with the shape of the valve head. being round when a circular valve, as 12 (Fig. 1) or 13 (Fig. 8) is used, while

similar plates

14, 15, of semi-circular outline are employed for the valves 16, 17 (Figs. 4 and 5), and

square plates

18, 19, are employed for the valve 20 illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7. On the other hand, the several plates in each valve preferably vary slightly in size, those near the under side or seating face of the valve being largest, and the size of the remaining lates being such as to provide the valve heaflwith an upwardly facing beveled edge, as 21 (Fig. 1).

In addition to the intermediate group of thin plates, as 10, 11, the improved valve head preferably includes a thicker plate 22 and a pair of tapering cap plates, as 28 and 24, between which the said group of thin plates and the plate 22 are held. lVhen so constructed the plate 22 is located immediately under the group of thin plates, as 10, 11, and constitutes the seating or contact face of the valve head. Furthermore, sincethe invention contemplates the use of the valve in conjunction with a Vflat seat, as 25 (Figs. 1 and 8), 26 and 27 (Fig. u), or 28 7). the said thicker plate, as 22, is desirably of a diameter at least as great as that of the immediately overlying thin plate, as 11,-being enough larger than the corresponding port opening, as 29, to provide the required amount of overlap upon the said flat seat, as 25. On the other hand, to permit elastic separation of the marginal poravoided if the said two cap plates are -ofy different size in any event. As shown in Figs. 1 and 8, the upper cap plate, as 24, is of such size that its edge extends substan tially to the edge of the next underlying plate, as 10. The tapering form of the upper cap plate, as 24, accordingly continues the crowned shape in cross section imparted to valve head by the `use of plates, as y10, 11, of

.graduallydiminishing size from the lower face of the valve upwardly. In the form of the device shown 1n Fig. 4, the cap plate overlaps the p'ort to thereby further limit the resllient action of the Aintermediate plates. In any event the marginal portions of the resilient plates are free,-that is, they are not connected together. .y g

` In practice, the several, parts ofthe yvalve head are assembled upon the end of the valve stem, as 30 or 31, preferably between an upwardly facing shoulder 32 formed on the` stem adjacent its end, and a riveted head 33 at the end of the stem. ln some instances, however, as shown in Fig. l, a Washer 34 may be placed over the upper cap plate,`as 24, to receive the riveted head. `It is also desirable tocompress the stem for the formation of the said'riveted head while the end portion of the ste-m and the central portions of the several parts of the valve Ihead are at a welding temperature. All of the parts of the valve head and the stem are thereby joined together in a unitary structure without interfering with the flexibility of the marginal portions yof the plates of which the head .is composed.V When unusual-'strength is required in the connection between the head and stem, some ofthe intermediate plates employed in the formation of the head' may each be provided with a central opening, as 35 (Fig. 8), larger than the valve stem. Compression of the end portion of the stem at a welding or forgingtemperature then serves to upset the stem within the central openings 35 of the head plates, formingan enlarged hub, as 36, thereon intermediate the upper and lower faces of the valve head.

The intermediate plates 10 and 11, being clamped at their central portions between the larger upper plate 24 and the smaller plate 23, will tend to cup downwardly, the said plates becoming slightly concave. Consequently, in operation, the peripheral edge of the plate 22 will be the first portion of the valve to engage its seat, thereby forming a line contact which will eiiciently close the port. But whether the resilient plate or pl'ates are concave or not, the explosion ofthe charge will cause the valves to be forced against their seats and the resiliency of the plates will ermit a slight radial movement thereof whic will not only prevent the accumulation of carbon and other foreign matter between the valve and its seat, but will also tend to keep the valves polished or ground to perfectly fit their seats, thereby adding materially to the efiiciency of the valve and effecting a consequent saving of fuel.

This type of valve operates `much more quietlythan the conventional type of poppet v alve. The reason for this is probably due to the fact that in the conventional type the valve is more or less wedged in its conical seat by the tremendous pressure of the exploded gases to which it is subjected, and is rigidly held in that position by the pressure until the tappet strikesit. In the present device, the valve is not wedged in its seat, and, furthermore, the resiliency of the intermediate plates operating against this pressure tends to move the valve stem upwardly, thereby cushioning the initial engagement of the tappet with the valve. Furthermore, the resiliency of the plates constituting the valve head cushions the impact of the valve with its seat vand thereby tends to prevent noise of the valve during its seating movement.

It will thus be seen that the assembly of the parts and their arrangement are such that the resilient plates of the valve not only prevent the accumulation of carbon on the valve or its seat, but also automaticall cushion the initial impact of the tappet with the valve and the valve with its seat during the operation of the en ine.

The advanta es obtained by the provision of a valve head of resilient laminated construction for cooperation with a flat seat yare increased in some cases by the formation of some of the plates, as 10 (Figs. 1 and 2),

'15 (Fi 4), yand 19. (Figf), with aperment is used, capillary attraction and repeated exposure of the valve head to high compression and suction both tend to the movement of fiuid between the plates from the rim of the valve head to the pockets formed by the apertures 37, and this fluid serves to increase the elastic separation of the plates and to cushion their compression.

The construction of the valve head for elastic expansion at its rim is particularly advantageous when the periphery of the valve is relatively long in comparison with the size of the port which it controls. Thus when the valve is semi-circular` as in Fig. 4, or square, as in Fig. 6, the periphery of the valve is longer than that of a round valve covering a port opening of the same size. The force employed to close the valve is thus distributed over a. greater area. of contact of the valve with-its seat and the elastic separation ofthe parts of the valve head at its rim is more effective, both in cushioning the lclosing `movement and insuring a uniform contact `with the valve seat. The use of semi-'circular valves, as in Fig. 4, turther provides for the location of intake and between the valve and seat is equal to the full distance through which the valve has beenI lifted, while with an oblique seat` of the usual form the Width of valve o ening isty only equal to a .part of the dlstance through which the valve has been lifted.

Owing to the elastic separation of the plates or laminations of the valve head at its rim, changes in the length of the valve stem,`due' to expansion and contraction, will `have substantially no e'ect upon the seating of the valve. The' provision of clearance beiI tweenthe end of the valve stem, as 31, the tappet, as 40, and the cam 41, will therefore be unnecessary. A noisy operation is thus avoided both by continuous contact between the valve stem, the tappet and the cam, and by cush'oning the closing movement of the valveas the elastically separated plates approach the valve seat.

I claim as my invention- 1. In combination, an inwardly facing flat valve seat surrounding a: gas engine port and a. valve for the port comprising a group of centrally connected lsuperimposed spring plates having their margins free, the undermost 'plate being larger than the port for contactof a continuous marginal portion of its undersurface with the valve seat. under gas pressure applied to the group of plates Ain the direction to close the valve, and,one of the intermediate plates having a circumferential series of apertures formed in its marginal portion, but not extending to the periphery of the plate.

2. In combination. an inwardly facing flat valve seat surrounding a gas engine portand a valve for the port comprising a group of centrally connected superimposed spring plates having their margins free and a stiff cap plate limiting upward iexure of the marginal portions of the spring plates, the undcrmost spring plate being larger than the port for Contact 'of a continuous marginal portion ofits undersurface withy the valve seat under gas pressure applied to the group of plates in the direction to close the valve, one of the intermediate spring lates having a circumferential series of apertures formed in its marginal portion but not extending to the periphery of the plate.

'3. In combination, an inwardly facing Hat valve seat surrounding a gas engine port and a valve tor the port comprising a group of centrally connected superimposed spring plates having their margins free, the undermost plate being larger than the port for contact of a continuous marginal portion of its unde'surface with the valve seat under gas pressure applied to the group of plates in the direction to close the valve, and'each alternate intermediate plate having a circumferential series of apertures formed inv its marginal portion but not extending to the periphery of the plate.

4. In combination, an inwardly facing flat valve seat surrounding a gas engine port and a valve for the port comprising a group of centrally connected superimposed spring plates having their margins free, the undermost plate being larger than the port for contact of a. continuous marginal portion of its undersurface with'the valve seat under gas pressure applied to the group vof plates in the-direction to close the valve, and the -remaining plates being of progressively diminishing sizes.

5. In combination, a flat circular valve seating surface extending continuously abouta pair of separate semi-circular gas engine ports and a valve for each port com prising a group of centrally connected su-` perimposed spring plates of the same shape as the port, the plates bein unconnected 1n.

their marginal portions an the undermost plate of each group being larger than the corresponding port for contact of a uniform continuous marginal portion of its undersurface with the said valve seating surface in the closed position of the valve.

6. A valve for internal combustion engines, comprising a valve stem, an abutment on said stem, a plurality of resilient plates having their margins free, one of the side faces of one of said plates being adapted to engage a valve seat, and a rigld cap` late secured to said stem in the opposite si e of said plates from the valve seat enga ing face and ladapted to clamp said p ates against said abutment.

7. A valve comprising a valve stem, a resilient plate secured to said stem and having its margin free, one of the side faces of said plate being adapted to overlap 'and engage a valve seat and a rigid plate secured to said stem and clamped against the side face of said plate opposite to the seat engaging face for reinforcing the same.

8. In a device of the class described, a valve comprising a stem, a plurality of resilient plates, .said plates having their margins free, on said stein, the innermost plate being materially thickened, an lnner soi les

rigid plate, an outer rigid plate of larger diameter than said inner rigid plate, and means for clamping all of said plates on said stem.

9. In combination, an inwardly facing Valve seat surrounding a gas engine port and a valve for the port comprising a stem, a group of superimposed spring plates hav'- ing their margins free, said plates being and a valve for the port comprising a groupl of centrally connected superimposed spring plates having their margins free and a stii cap plate limiting upward leXure of the marginal portions of the spring plates, the undermost spring plate being larger than the port for contact of a contlnuous mar nalv portion of its undersurface with t e valve seat under gas pressure applied to the group of plates in the direction to close the Valve.

11. In combination, an inwardly facing substantially flat valve seat surrounding a. gas engine port, and a valve for the port comprisinof a centrally connected elastic sheet metz plate and superimposed still cap plate, the marginal portion of the sheet metal plate being free and resting upon the valve seat in the closed position of the valve and the stiff .cap plate serving to limit upward flexure of the said marginal portion of the sheet metal plate under gas pressure applied to the valve in the direction to close the same.

MICHAEL J. BOYLE.