US1500597A - Stoneworking machine - Google Patents

Description

my a, w24. 1,500,597

l A. BALL STONEWORKING MACHINE Original Filed June l, 19:12 3 She etS'-Sheet,l Magg. "3@ 4B e A s@ mm l y u ,x Y s FJ ,5 l l ,"6V Ae Am A i [5 .gul 8 924.

y A. BALL STONEWORKING MACHINE 3 Sheets- Sheet 2 Original Filed June 1 1912 www1 July s, 1924. www? A. BALL sToNEwoRKmG 'MACHINE Original Filed June 1, 1912 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 TMW. mi.. w? JWM Patented July 8, 1924.

.ALBERT BALL, OF CLAEEMONT, NEW HAMPSHIRE, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE .ASSIGN- MENTS, T0 SULLIVAN MACHINERY COMPANY, 0F BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A

CORPORATION OF MASSACHSETTS.

STONEW'ORKING MACHINE. i

Application led June 1, 1912, Serial No. 701,001. Renewed March 14, 1921-. Serial No. 452,226.

To all tri/wm t may concern.'

Be it known that I, ALBERT BALL, a citi` Zen of the United States, and a resident of Claremont. in the county of Sullivan and State of New Hampshire, have invented an Improvement in Stoneworking Machines, of

' be best understood by reference to the following specification, when taken in connection with the accompanying illustration of one specific embodiment thereof, while its scope will be more particularly pointed out in the appended claims:-

ln the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation partly broken away of a channelling machine embodying my invention; i

Fig. 2 is a plan section on an enlarged scale on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a plan section on scale on line BH3 of Fig. 1;, Y

Fig. 4 is an end elevation of themachine partly in vertical section;

an enlarged 7 Fig. 8 is a plan view of the mechanism partly in horizontal section, with certainv parts removed, and I Fig. 9 is a detail in side elevation, show` ingone of the controlling levers. Y

My invention contemplates the provision of tool actuating mechanism fora directV connected tool, such for example as the cutting tool of a channeling machine, or` the like, whereby the driving motor 'may be mounted in convenient proximity Vto-th'e tool, and so connected thereto-as to actuate the tool in its reciprocatory movement to and from the 4work through the intervention of a suitable associated elastic medium, such as compressed air.

Referring more particularly to the drawings and to the embodiment of my invention which I have there shown for illustrat-ive purposes, l have shown my invention as applied to a standard form of channeling machine, having a base or main frame 10, which may be of any suitable type or construction, having axles 11, having thereon truck wheels 12 whereby the machine inay be moved on the bottom of the quarry along the usual tracks consisting of rails 13 for that purpose. Suitably mounted on the base 1() in suitable 'brackets thereon is a trunnion bar or shaft 14, `whereon is pivoted in any suitable manner an upright standard 15, the same consisting of upright supporting and guiding members united at the bottom and at the top joined by arch pieces or yokes 16. The standard may be positioned at any desired point nion shaft 14, and may be tilted to any desired angle in any suitable manner, as by the use of adjustable braces 17, pivotally connected at their upper ends to the standard and at their lower ends to a bar or shaft 18 mounted on the base 10 at the back Vof A Y the machine, F 5 is a detail vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale of the frictional driving ln the particular embodiment shown, the truck is propelled along the trackway under its own power, motive means therefor being herein embodied in a truck driving motor 19, herein an electric motor mounted on the base 10. For driving the truck, power is transmitted from an armature shaft 20 of the motor, through a pinion h21, secured to the latter and meshing with a gear 22, secured to a Atransverse transmission shaft 23, and a longitudinal driving shaft 24 near the opposite side of the truck by suitable power transmitting mechanism, which will be more fully described. The drivingeshaft 24 is mounted in bearings 25, upon the base, and is provided at each end with worms 26 meshing with underlying worin `gears 27, the latteiI i'ixedly secured each upon one of the axles 11, the latter acting to drive the truck wheels 12 secured to the ends thereof.

As is usual in this class of apparatus, the cutting appliances are shown as mounted at the front or active side of the truck, and

4lengthwise of the machine upon the trunlthe standard is provided with guideways 33, to receive the sides of the .crosshead guide, and a guideway 34 to receive the baclnftliere being :provided gibs 35 suitably to hold the cross-head guide in said guideways, (-seeF-ig. Y

Mounted for adjustmen'tupon the standard1tow-ardand 'from the work is a sliding frame 136, to the fbottoin di' whicli'the sliding guide for the crosshead is bolted. As indicated more clearly in Fig. 2,the standard Iis ifinished at the liront, lbackend 4inner ifaces, to provide front `guideways v'37 and Yrear guide-ways :38, Aand inner -guideways 39, IO

and 41. The 4sliding); frame -36 extends -entirely through the standard and locks' 1around thelbackfolf'tlie latter, kwhere it is provided with fwearing gibs 42, entending the .whole llen'gth foi the sliding frame. There are also provided wearinwgibs 43 at the ffront of Ithe machine, and gib-screws 44 ibearing against the ilatter .to take -up the wear in the sliding frame The sliding traineV :may he raised and lowered on the standard A"toward and away from :the :work by any suitable 'mechanisnn "herein being :provided ttor this purpose wvith a nut 45,receiving-therein a ''eed-screw46, which latter is journaled in a vsuitable bearing LNon the standard. This 4'feed-sereni is rotated by suitable means, :providing for an :angular Vadjustment oft the standard and parts carried :thereby without disturbingthe driving connection witlithe Steed-screw. To this end, I preferably provide a beveled gear 48, -securedito the feed-screw 4G below the bearing 47, and meshing with a'beveled gear 49, suitably journaled on the fbase 10 concentric withithe pivotal axis of'thestandard 'and preferably journaled on ithe .trunnionfshaft `.14. Athrust collar 50 may tbe provided iabove the bearing 47,1'to receive the :longitudinal thrust'of the feed-screw in the one direction, 'while the 'hub 'of the -gear 4:8 receivesithe'thrust1in the opposite direction. `Powera'mayibe appliedito'the gear 49 'from :the truck .driving motor by suitable connections hereinafter described.

It will be observed that `the location of the ffeedfscrew fbelozw fthe sliding frame,

'where lit :has operative engagement atV its upper end with the sliding iframe `and at its lower end directly with the 4tool feeding mechanism on thetruck. not vonly :provides va very inconspicuous andycoinpactLari-angeinent of tool feeding parts, but leaves the :upper portion of lthe sliding lfrarneand the standard freexor :the disposition of :the

Vconnecting' rods ashereinatter described are `to the tool, 5but in vthe described embodiment of lmy invention, I have-'for this'purpose motor driven tool reciprocating mechanism. Y

A,parts may be provided, -but Y I `have yherein shown -nieans whereby a yielding Acushion of air is :interposed and herein l through the provision of a cooperating cylinder and pis- Vtoinioneof which is adapted to be connected to the tool and the other to be reciproV cated by the motor. In the present -instance I have shown the cross-head 29 directly connected to the `Kpiston Arod 30, as hereinbefore described. The piston rod is secured to ia lpiston V5l, working in acylinder 52,'which isinounted for recipro'cation in the sliding 'frame 36, fthe 'latter for that purpose having adjustably secured Vthereto suitable guides 53 (See Fig. 2*), preferably provided with `:V-shaped 'guideways 54, which receive correspondingVfshaped slides 55 suitably secured to a vshell 5 6, l'forming the body of the cylinder l"52. The guides may be held in place y'by suitable 'gibsv NVhile Vthe cylinder maybe of `anysuita'ble construction, it is preferably')provided `with cylinder heads 58 `and 59, Awhich are united by the cylinder lshell 56, and preferably also united by -a plu rality fof Ltie-'rods l:60 1 passingthrough hotliheads and Aprovided -withinuts 61. rPhis-construction'provides for `a very light, but exceedingly strong cylinden-whieh is also inexpensive to manufacture. Anot'l'ier advantage/ot' this Vconstruction is Ithat as'vthe connected to the lower cylinder fheadfthe tie-rods are placed under tension duringthe working stroke whenthe Ablovvis struck.

Any --suitable mechanism may be employed to reciprocate the working Ycylinder 52,'and i thereby through 1its Vdescribed connection withcthe tooljcarrying cross-:head reciprocat-e the llatter'and impart Yworking strokes provided Athe lower Vcylinder A'head E5.9 with :wrist-pins 62 on opposite sides-thereof. 'The Y lower cylinder head therefore constitutes a vc1oss-'hea`d, t-o which are connected connect- Eingaods, or pitinenytiypivoted onlthe'wristi pins 62. By placing the connecting. rods on `opposite sidesfof the cylinder, and Aby con- `necting them with the lower cylinder head, certain important advantages 'are gained,

-amongthem the-making pot a'structure which .is exceedinglylight yet-strong, owing tothe fact Ithat, as above vstate'ch,thecylind'er 'is under 4tension when the blow tis about to be ASliding -fraine 36, and may 4receive its`power i -liO from a suitable motor 68, herein an electric motor, which may be mounted on any suitable part of the machine, but is preferably secured to the sliding frame. i

The motor is provided with an armature shaft 69, which drives the crank-shaft 64 through suitable means, herein a pinion secured to the armature shaft, and meshing with a gear 7l carried by the crank-shaft. In the case of a mechanically actuated tool driven by a motor through transmission ing from time to time the relations of the driving gears and 'the -reciprocatory driving member, so that the ,identityV *ofV the teeth which are in engagement at the time the maximum forces have tobe transmitted will be altered from time to time and the life of the gears thereby correspondingly lengthened. For this purpose, I preferably provide between the motor and the toolcarrying element suitable means affording a slipping driving connection, permitting a slipping action to take place under resistance of the working tool.V `While other means may be employedv for. this purpose, I preferably' make the gear 71 in the form of a Vringshaving an annular flange 72 interposed between a friction disk 7 3 secured to the crank shaft 64 and a friction disk 74. Suitable friction rings 75 and 76, herein made of leather, be interposed between the flange 72 `and the friction disks 7 3 and 74. The friction disks 7 3 and 74 may be urged toward each other to press the friction rings 75 and 76 against the flange 72 by rany lsuitable means, but I preferably pro-vide for that Vpurpose a plurality of springs 77 locatedV in recesses 78 provided in the friction disk 74, and encircling bolts 79 provided with nuts 80. By this means, the resistance afforded. by the driving connection just described can be varied within wide limits. This slipping driving connection just described providesv for a slipping action at the moment that maximum resistance is encountered, and consequently the gear 71 is continually shifting its position around the crank shaft 64, and hence the wear-upon the teeth of the gear is distributed evenly around the latter. These frictional connections will be justed to eifect the desired result.

rIhis construction, moreover, has the further advantage of providing for a slackening or even complete cessation suitably ad? y tions of the cylinder.

of the operation of the tools, while the moto-r continues to run at a substantially uniform speed. VUnder difficult conditions of the work, while the machine is working in hard or crooked cuts, or when for any other reason there is an abnormal resistance offered by the work to the tool or tool gang, the described shift-able driving connections permit a shifting, or rearrangement of the driving relationship between themotor and the tool. For example, under some circumstances, the tool gang will slow down while working in hard places, while the motor maintains Va substantially constant speed. Under unusually difficult conditions of the work, the tool or tool gang may suddenly stick or stop entirely, yet without overloading the motor, or causing breakage or other damage to the motor or any other parts of the machine, the motor continuing to operate at a substantially constant speed, irrespective of any slackening or cessation in the operation of the tool or tool gang due/to abnormal resistance offered by the work.

It is apparent that since the travel of the cross-head or tool-holding means, and that ofthe working cylinder, is dependent on the throw of the crank-shaft, the longer the stroke the greater will be the travel of the cross-head and theiheavier the blow imparted to the work. The throw of the crank shaft maybe made to suit the requirements of the work to which the machine is particularly adapted.

The working cylinder 52 is `adapted to contain bothbelow and above the piston 5l fluid of any suitable nature, as air. It will be apparentthat the elasticity of theblow depends upon the amount or degree of comw pression of the air or other'fluid contained in the working cylinder. If the fluid be i under high compression, a rigid blow may be imparted to the work. By varying the 1degree of compression of the air, or other fluid, within the working cylinder, a more or less elastic blow may be imparted, and if desired, the air compressed in the cyl-- inder may be practically at or slightly above atmospheric pressure, in which case a very elastic stroke is imparted.

In order to provide for the desiredelasticity of the stroke, to furnish the necessary lifting and striking power, I may provide the working cylinder with a plurality of ports or openings differently located lon-.

gitudinally thereof. These ports may afford a free communication with the atmosphere, or may be interconnected in some manner, as by providing a conduit connecting the ports, the conduit serving as a means of communication between two por#` stance, vI have shown the working cylinder 52 provided with a plurality of ports 81, 82, 83, 84,185 and 86, dierently located llC- InY the present inlongitudinally 'of' the lcylinder, land k.adapted to l formfaizineans of communication between the interior of' the cylinder and lthe llatnios phcre. "In order that'thef-force ofthe=blow may be varied to suit ntheaclraracter Ifof ithe stone'or other lconditions *of .fthe -work, I preferably provide suitable 'means 1foi-fclosing any i selected opening. or Fopenings, iand to tha-t'en'd "I have herein Iprovided 4the 1'@ ports'rSS, n842,85 and '86withscrewf'threaded plugs87, #88, '89 ='and f90, respectively. It

willbe 'evidenh' that when, during. the 'work-- ingr-stroke, the Y,pistonlras passed the Alastopen port in I travelling toward one i end s of the cylinder, the :airientrapped *within `the cylinder 'will be compressed, thus iformifnfg a cushion and 'providing 'for an elastic stroke. of the ltool-ciiarrying fc'rosskhead. Preferably the ports? referred to: are pl'aced i at 'opposite '.sides `respectively of the ilongitudinal-v centery of the Scylinder,thus1:avoiding confining 'in "the latter :more zair f than 'is needed togiVe thedesire'delasticity. @It will be evident l that the .nearer 1 the iports lare Ato e -the Acylinder '-.to the other, as @the -piston travels lto and ifro fin Ithe llatter. 'For example, assumingthat thefpistonlisg: travelling fromthe'lower endof the cylinder ltofthe upper end, after it passes the vport 92,1the

l' air which'it tends'to compressin the upper end ofthe cylinder fin"ds=an1escaperfrcm the port 91, `by-passl conduit" 93 fand port A92, `to the "lower end of thefcylinder, thus ftransferring a portion of =the air 'from Iabove-the piston to belowthelatter. When, however` vthe ipiston in its upward 'stroke lhas :passed beyond the :port 91, ithe `air trapped `inethe upper yendV of the cylinder `will be come pressed, and lwill give the desired 'elastici efect. Certain important advantages are derived :from the use ofithis by-pass, .among them fthe *saving =of fpower, -and :also 'the prevention of .fthe -w-aste of the i cylinder oil, which 'by the use so'f Athe bypass xis :thrown from one-side ofthe'cylinderrpast the piston 'to :the other sidefof thelcylin'der.

.Preferably the pistonrod has-an extension 94 Vguided in the upper cylinder head 58, the latter for this ipur-pose ,being ypreferably provided with afsuitablebushing 95. The-cylinder'head 58 ispreferably provided with va closed tube\96,fforming'a casingfor the piston :rod -eXtension91L Intorder 'Sto lprovide -for a free movement of 'the air'torand 'frointhe chamber thus zformed lyoogeev by V.the closed =tube 96, the piston 1 rod extension r9.4; maybe provided with Vai passage 97 leading from Asaid :chamber to alateral port 98, the latteriradapted to communicate with the fcylinder'abovethc' piston. By ei;-

tendinfg the piston-'rod in the described manner into i the upperv cylinder head, Aland pro viding fa fguidetherefor, the piston isad` curately guided and :the wear is thereby greatlydecreased. The placing of the vconneetingirodsoni-opposite'sides of the cylinder effordsfample spaceV @at the' upper cylinp der'head for providing theguideand casing sothat the'fpist'omrod maybeextended upwardly Vfrom the 'upper 'cylinder head fas just described. Y Y.

`Averyv importantiadvantage of the construction l so far described is I"the -iinproif'ed manner in ywhicha-a blow is :struck andrthe reciprocation 2of `the steels. accomplished. Assuming lthe parts initiallyj in the -lrelativ'e position-shown i in Fig.' y@fand thatth'ecrank shaft iis at the -`:saineg timeinf thef'po'sitionlcorresp ending f to Fig. l .4, it v will be VVevident that as the crank :shaft dslowly 'begins 5to revolve after themotor'l68fh1asf been started, the i piston-f5l will 1be 'raisedfup, resting uponthe i lower cylindersh'e'ad 59,\to theaipper'liinit Voftrfavel of'thclowerheadof the cylinder. Upon thenext downwardlmovementiof the cylindenthe-ipifston-willtend to follow the cylindeiuheadV 59'fandy if the *rotationis slow, gravity 'and friction "between fthe walls of the cylinder land fthe Ipiston `will cause the piston 1to :descend at :a substantially 'equal rate `withthe cylinder, but as'the'speedfof Y lVihenlthis.phenomenon occurs; the air;y above the piston 'willbe compressed `and the velocity-ofthe piston lwill ybeyrapidly'increased Y Aand' brought up to a :point iof substantial equality with that offthe-cylinder.' 'Itfwill tbe eevident, however, that the cylinder will reverse @its movement sprio'r'to the reversal VOf 'movement of fthepiston, for lthe cylinder -will lhave passed r through its 'point ofVA maxi- I @mumrinstantaneous velocity at about the time "the Icrank `:pins 165 arecutting a 'horiyzo'ntal fp'lane passing through the axis of the crank-shaft 64, whereas tlieipiston will p 'not reach 'fits -maXi'mu-m velocityuntil a #time sonieivhat Slater.

Accordingly, :as lthe i ftation of the crankipin 65,'the1pistcn, which reached its fm-aximum velocity later :than

ward at maximum velocity, in such manner as to bring the steels 28 into contact with the rock. It will be noted that as the piston moves downward relative to the cylinder, the passages 81 and 82 will permit the escape of air from beneath the piston and that after both are closed, the by-pass 93 will maintain for a still longer period a substantially unretarded movement of the piston relative to the cylinder. lt will thus be seen that the piston having received a high velocity will strike a. blow upon the rock which is measured directly by the mo\ mentum of the piston and of the connected parts, and, further, that this shock will not `be directly transmitted to the cylinder, but instead the piston will be picked up b-y the airbeneath it and raised up as the'cylinder rises, the cylinder having started its upward travel prior to the striking of the blow, whereby the recoil of the steels from the rock synchronizes with the change in direction of travel ofthe cylinder. It will be understood that this effect is secured to a maximum degree at a particular adjustment of the sliding frame. Further, if the steels do not come in contact with the rock, it will be evident that the piston willbe cushioned 'by the air entrapped below it after the closure of the port 92 and not strike the cylinder head.

As a means for lubricating the piston rod extension, the upper cylinder head 58 is preferably provided with a lubricating f chamber 99, connected by a port 100 with an annular groove 101 in the bushing 95, encircling the piston rod extension. This chamber may be filled through an upstanding filling tube 102 provided with a filling cap 103, As a means for lubricating the cylinder, there may be provided a conduit 104 fixed in the cylinder head, forming a means of communication between the lubricating chamber and the interior of the cylinder. Preferably this conduit is extended upwardly into the filling tube 102 to a point above the normal level of the oil, so that the latter instead of being constantly fed into the cylinder is supplied thereto gradually in small quantities by slopping of the oil up and down in the filling' tube. Y Y

The lower cylinder head may be provided with a suitable wearing bushing 105 for the piston rod 30, and may be provided with a suitable gland orV stuffing box 106, of any usual or desired construction, to prevent leakage from the cylinder around the piston rod. As a means for lubricating the pis-` ton rod 30, theflower cylinder head 59 may be provided with an oil chamber 107, havinga port or ports 108 communicating with smaller ports 109 provided in the bushing 105. The lubricating chamber 107 may be utilized to also lubricate the wrist pins 62, the latter for this purpose being chambered 114. (See Fig. 7). The level of the oil will preferably be maintained slightly below the oil holes 108 and 110 so that the oil will Ibe supplied where needed by the slopping about of the oil as the cylinder is recipro cated.

Referring to the power transmission devices interposed between the engine and the truck-driving mechanism on the one hand and the tool-feeding mechanism on the other, reference may be had to Figs. 4 and 8, especially Fig. 8. From this, it will be seen that the transmission shaft 23 carries fixed-- `ly secured to its outer end a beveled gear 115, the latter meshing with two gear members 116 and 117, and acting to drive both of the latter at the same speed, but in opposite directions.

Both the gear, or truck driving, members 116 and 117 are mounted to rotate loosely upon a countershaft 118, but may be clutched thereto either one at will to turn the shaft in either direction, and thereby turn a. pinion 119 keyed to said. shaft and meshing with a gear 120, the latter being keyed to the truck driving shaft 24, hereinbefore referred to.

Any suitable form of clutching means may be employed, but since the particular character of the same is not of great consequence and is not essential to the illustration of my present invention, it will suffice to say that the gear members 116 and 117 are provided with clutches 121 and 122, respectively, operated by sliding collars 1 23 and 124, provided respectively with circumferential grooves 125 and 126. These grooves receive yoke-shaped arms 127 and 128, secured to a clutch-shifting slide rod 129, mounted to slide in guides 130 on the base 10. One end of this slide rod (see Fig. 9) is suitably connected to a hand lever 131, pivoted at 132 upon the frame, so that by moving the hand lever, the gear members 1.16 and 117 may be clutched to and unclutched from the counter shaft 118, it being understood of course that when one is clutched, ,the other is unclutched. Preferably the slide rod and handle are so arranged that they may be moved to any one ofv three positions, one of which is eective to drive the truck in o-ne direction, another in the opposite direction, and a third, or intermediate position for securing inaction, or rest.

During the operation of the machine, the channeler'is advanced along the trackway, the tools acting to cut a channel groove of increasing depth. For adjustablyfeeding the tools with their actuating faces downward upon the standard to adapt them to the increasing depth of the cnt, or for elevating the tools o ut of the cut, the feed-screw and nut hereinbefore described are employed. Referring now to the mechanism for driving the feed-screw, the gear member 49 hereinbefore refered to may be provided with a spur gear portion 133, which may be placed in mesh with either of the two spur gears 134 and 135, suitably secured to a shaft 136, journa'led in suitable bearings 137 and 138 on the base 10. IVhen the standard is slid along the trunnion shaft fi'om one end of the machine to the other, the standard carries with it the beveled gear 49 and spur gear 133, and in order to avoid possible breaking of the teeth of the gears 133, 134 and 135, the two latter gears are preferably secured to the shaft 136 by suitable means, as 'for example set screws 139 and-140, which permit these gears to beV slid out of the way, and after the standard has been moved into place, either gear, as the case may be, is slid back into mesh with the gear 133, and held in place by its set screw. It vwill now be evident that when the standard is set at one end of the niachine, the gear 133 will be driven by the gear 134, and when the standard isset at the other end of the machine, the gear 133 will be driven bythe gear 135.

The shaft 136 may be driven in any suitable manner from the transmission gearing T' hereinbefore referred to, but for that piirpose said shaft herein has a gear 141 secured thereto, meshing with a gear 142, the latter secured toa shaft 143, journaled in the bear ings 137 and 138 hereinbefore referred'to. If desired, the shaft 143 may be provided withs'quared ends 144 and y145, to receive a'suitable crank (not shown), by means of whichfthe shaft 143 `may be manually rotated to elevate and depress the sliding frame 36 when there is no pow'erbn. Secured t'o the shaft 143 (see Fig. 1) is a gear 146, meshing with a gear 147, the latter see F ig. 8)l being formed von or secured to a sleeve 148, the latter mounted for loose lrotation oii the driving shaft 24. VIioi" turning the sleeve 148 in either directionat will thereby vt'o raise or 'lower the tools, the.

sleeve may be provided at opposite ends thereof Withsuit'able clutchdevice's 149 and 150, which maybe clutched to or iinclutched from ppositely driven driving members 151 andl l152 by devices generally similar to those previouslyl described. The driving member 151 is provided with a spur gear.

153, 'which meshes ywith a spur gear 154, rformed on the truck driving gear member 116, while the` tool'feeding driving member 152isprovided with a spii'r'gear 155,inesh' ing with a similar gear 156, formed` on the tiiick'driving `gear 117. From this it fclhand lever 162, these connections being sub-' staiitially similar to those of the truck drivin'g` member already described and fully illustrated. By these described connections, the feed-screw may be turned in one direction or the other, or allowed to remain stationary at will. The improved feeding mechanism for tools is not claimed herein, but in my copeii'ding divisional application, Serial No. 714,972, filed May 21, 1924.

While I have shown and Vdescribed one form of my invention for illustrative purposes, and have disclosed and discussed in detail the construction and arrangement incidental to one specific embodiment thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is limited neither to the mere details or relative arrangement of` parts, nor to its specific application herein shown, but that extensive deviations from the illustrated form or embodiment of the invention may be made without departing from the principles thereof. l

Having thus described one v'form' of my invention, what I claim is y 1. In a machine of the class described, the combination ofV a crank-shaft, a cylinder comprising two heads, a pair of connecting rods disposed ony opposite sides of said cylinder, connected directly to said crank-shaft and to the further `cylinderhead, anda toolactuating piston mounted to reciprocate within said cylinder.

2. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a crank-shaft, afcylinder comprising two headsand tie members ccnl necting said heads, a pair of Vconnecting rods disposed on opposite 4sidesY of said cylinder connected to said rcrank-shaft and directly to the further cylinder head, and 'a toolactuatiiig pistn mounted to reciprocate within said cylinder. y

3. In a machine of the Vvclass described,`the combination of a crank-shaft, a cylinder, a cross-headcarried by said cylinder and having a wristp'in, la 'connecting rod Aconnecting said wrist-'pin to 'said crank-shaft, said crossh'e'ad being provided with a'hibricating 'chamber for said wristipin, and :i piston mounted to reciprocate within said" cylinder. Y

4. In a machine of the class described,V the combination of va cylinder having :i

lll)

cylinder head and a piston mounted to reciprocate within said cylinder and having a piston rod extended beyond said cylinder head, said cylinder head being provided with a chamber for said piston rod exten` sion, and a passage providing constant communication between said chamber and one end of the said cylinder.

5. In an apparatus of the class described,

t 'the combination with a tool, of a driving ydisposed on opposite sides of the cylinder,

said rods being connected directly to the cylinder head nearest the tool.

6. In a channeler, a driving motor, a

'i lcylinder having upper and lower heads, a

piston contained within the cylinder and having oppositely extending piston rods guided by said heads, a tool carried by the piston, a crank shaft disposed above the piston, driving connections between one end of the same and said motor, and a pair of connecting rods connected to said crank shaft and directly to the lower cylinder head.

7. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a cylinder having cylinder heads, a piston within said cylinder, means for attaching a tool to said piston, and means connected directly to the cylinder head adjacent said last named means for actuating said cylinder.

8. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a cylinder having cylinder heads, said cylinder having a plurality of openings to the atmosphere differently 1ocated longitudinally of the cylinder, means for closing any selected opening, a piston within said cylinder, means for att-aching a tool to said piston, and means connected directly to the cylinder head adjacent said last named means for actuating said cylinder.

9. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a cylinder having cylinder heads, said cylinder having a plurality of openings differently located longitudinally of the cylinder, means connecting said openings, a piston within said cylinder, means for attaching a tool to said piston, and means connected directly to the cylinder head adjacent said last named'means for actuating said cylinder.

10. In a machine of the class described, the combination of reciprocating tool carrying means including a reciprocable cylinder having cylinder heads, driving means, and

means including a slip connection for connecting said driving means directly to the cylinder head adjacent the tool. n

l1. In astone working machine, in combination, a cutting tool, actuating means therefor, a cylinder having cylinder heads, a piston in said cylinder, means for controlling the relative movement of said cylinder and piston and for maintaining a circulation and renewal of air in said cylinder, and driving connections between said actuating means and said cylinder including a member connected directly to the cylinder head adjacent the tool.

12. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a cylinder and a piston mounted to reciprocate within said cylinder, means for reciprocating one of said elements, a tool attached to the other of said elements, said reciprocated element being operative to give impetus to said tool carrying element, and means permitting the free movement of one of said elements with respect to the other after said tool carrying element has acquired an impetus from a position to the rear of its mid-position with respect to the other element to a position materially forward of such midposition, said means comprising a bypass passage opening at its ends into the cylinder bore at spaced points, each of the communications of said bypass passage with the cylinder bore being opened and closed at. least once in each complete relative reciprocation of said elements.

13. In a machine of the class described, the combination including a cylinder and a 'piston mounted to reciprocate within said cylinder, means for reciprocating one of said elements, a tool attached to the other of said elements, said reciprocated element being operative to transmit impetus to said toolcarrying element, and means forming a by-pass for transmitting fluid from the chamber formed between one end of the cylinder and the piston to the chamber between the other endof the cylinder and the piston to permit the free movement of the tool carrying element with respect to said. reciprocated element after said tool carrying element has acquired its impetus.

14. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a cylinder and a piston mounted to reciprocate within said cylinder, means for reciprocating one of said elements, a tool attached to the other of said elements, said reciprocated element being operative to give impetus to-said tool carrying element, and means permitting the free movement of one of said elements with respect to the other after said tool carrying element has acquired the impetus and comprising a bypass passage opening` at its ends into the cylinder bore at spaced points, said communications of' said bypass passage with the cylinder bore being open simultaneously at the relative mid-positions of the cylinder and piston, whereby the momentum of the tool carrying element and cylinder, means for reciprocating one of said elements, a tool attached to ithe other of said elements, said reciprocated element being operative to give impetus to said tool lcarryingelement, and a-by-pass adapted to interconnect the ends of the cylinder in certain relative positions of said cylinder an'd .piston and operative to transmit pressure iuid from below the piston to the upper side thereof to permit the free movement of the tool carrying element with respect to said reciprocated element after said tool carrying element has acquired its impetus, whereby the force of the blow is determined by the momentum of the tool carrying element and tool.

16. Ina machine of the class described, the combination of a cylinder and a piston reciprocable within said cylinder, means for vpositively reciprocating oneof said elements, a tool attached to the other of said elements, said reciprocated element being operative to impart impetus to said tool carrying element, means for admitting and discharging air to and from said cylinder during relative reciprocation of said cylinder and piston, and Vmeans operative to interconnect the ends of the cylinder to bypassv air from one side of said piston to the other whereby Iimpetus may be transmitted from said positively reciprocated element to said tool carrying element and said latter element thereafter permitted to move freely relative to said reciprocated element. 17. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a'cylinder and a piston reciprocable within said cylinder, means for positively l reciprocating one of said elements, a tool attached to the other of said elements, said recipr'ocated 'elementl being operative to impart impetus to said tool carrying element, means spaced from the ends of said'cylinder for admitting and discharging air to and from saidcylinder during vrelative reciprocation of said cylinder and piston, and means operative to'by-pass air from one side of said piston to the other, saidby-passing means opening into said cylindernearer the ends thereof than said admitting and 4discharging means, whereby impetus 'may be transmitted from said mechanically reciprocated element kto said tool carrying element and said latter element thereafter permitted to -move freely relative to said reciprocated element.

18. In a machine of the `class described, the combination of 'a cylinder and a piston reciprocable within said cylinder, means for mechanically reciprocating one of said elements, a tool attac-hed to the other of said elements, said reeiprocated element being operative to give impetus to said tool carrying element, means whereby relative movement of said cylinder and piston may cause admission and discharge of air to and from said cylinder, and means communicating with the 'bore of the cylinder at points spaced longitudinally of the cylinder by a distance greater than the thickness of the piston, whereby air may be bypassed from one side of said piston to the other, whereby after impetus has been transmitted from said reciprocated element to said tool carrying element the latter element may move freely relative to said reciprocate'd element.

19. Ina machine of 'the class described, the combination of a crank shaft, a cylinder, a cross head carried by said cylinder and having a wrist-pin, a connecting rod connecting said wrist-pin to said crank shaft7 a piston mounted-to reciprocate in said cylinder and having a rod projecting through `and guided in each end of said cylinder, lubricant chambers disposed 'adjacent 4each end of said cylinder, m'eans for distribute ing lubricant therefrom -to said rod, and means for distributing lubricant from one of said chambers to said wrist-pin.

20. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a crank shaft, a cylinder, a cross head carried by said cylinder 'and having a wrist-pin, a 'connecting rod connecting said wrist-pin to said crank shaft, a piston mounted to reciprocate within said cylinder and provided at opposite sides with rods extended through and guided Iin the ends of said cylinder, a lubricant chamber yfor said wrist-pin disposed -in said cross head, and means carriedby said-cylinder to lubricate said rod extensions-and piston.

21. In 4a lmachine of the class described, the combination Yincluding"a cylinder member, a piston member therein, `means for positively reciprocating one of said members, a tool operatively `connected to lfthe other of said members, and means lfor inter-connecting the spaces within the cylinder member at opposite sides of the piston mem'- ber when said members arein Aa predetermined .relative position.

22. In a machine of the class described, the combination including a cylinder-member, a piston 'member therein, means for positively reciprocating one of -said members, a tool operatively connected t'o the other of said members, means foradmitting fluid Ito the interior of said cylinder vmember, and means for interconnecting the spaces within the cylinder'member at oppol bers, a tool operatively connected to the other of said members, means for exhausting fiuid from the interior of said cylinder member, and means for interconnecting the spaces within the cylinder member at opposite sides of the piston member when said members are in a predetermined relative position.

24. In a machine of the class described, the combination including a cylinder member, a piston member therein. means for positively reciprocating one of said members, a tool operatively connected to the other of said members, means connecting the interior of said cylinder member with the atmosphere opened and closed by said piston member during relative reciprocation of said members, and means for inte-rconnecting the spaces Within the cylinder member at opposite sides of the piston member when said members are in a predetermined relative position.

9,5.'In a machine of the class described, the combination including a cylinder member, a piston member therein, means for positively reciprocating one of said members, a tool operatively connected to the other of said members, means connecting the interior of said cylinder member with the atmosphere opened and closed by said piston member during relative reciprocation of said members, and means including a bypass passage opening through the Wall of said cylinder member for interconnecting the spaces within the cylinder member at opposite sides of the piston member when said members are in a. predetermined relative position.

26. In a machine of the class described the combination including a cylinder member, a piston member therein, a tool operatively connected with one of said members, means for positively reciprocating the other of said members to cause reciprocation of said first mentioned member, and means for permitting said tool carrying member to travel freely relative to said other member for less than its full path including means for interconnecting the chambers in said cylinder member on opposite sides of said piston member.

27. In a machine of the class described, the combination including a cylinder member, a piston member disposed therein, a tool operatively connected to one of said members, means for positively reciprocating the other of said members to cause the compressions of the fiuid between the piston member and the ends of the cylinder member which occur on relative movements of said members to cause reciprocation of said member to which a tool is operatively connected in stepped relation to said positively reciprocated member, and means including a bypass operative t0y intermittent-ly interconnect the spaces at the opposite sides of the piston member in order to delay substantial compression of fluid between the approaching ends of the piston and cylinder members until the member to which said tool is connected is materially beyond its mid-position relative to said positively reciprocated member.

2S. In a machine of the class described, the combination including a cylinder member, a piston member disposed therein, a tool operatively connected to one f said members, means for positively reciprocating the other of said members to cause the compressions of the fluid between the piston member and the ends of the cylinder member which occur on relative movements of said members to cause reciprocation of said member to which the tool is operatively connected in stepped relation to said positively reciprocated member, and by-pass means communicating with the bore of said cylinder at points more remote from the center point thereof than one-half the thickness of the piston and operative to interconnect the spaces at the opposite sides of the piston member to permit the flow of the fluid from one side of said piston member to the other to delay substantial development of throwing pressures unt-il the piston member is materially beyond its mid-positions in said cylinder member.

29. In a machine of the class described, the combination including a cylinder member, a piston member disposed therein, a tool operatively connected to one of said members, means for positively reciprocating the other of said members to cause the compressions of the fluid between the piston member and the ends of the cylinder member which occur on relative movements of said members to cause reciprocation of said member to which the tool is operatively connected instepped relation to said positively reciprocated member, separate means for connecting each end of the interior of the cylinder with the atmosphere, communication between said means and an end of said cylinder being closed upon movement of the piston member substantially from vmid-position in said cylinder member toward that end thereof, and means for delaying material compression of the fluid between the ends of the cylinder member and the piston member until the position of said piston member is materially nearer the end of said cylinder member than at the tim of closure of said connecting means.

30. In a machine of the class described, the combination including a cylinder member, a piston mcmber'disposed therein, a tool operatively connected to one of said members, means for positively reciprocating the other of said members to cause the compressions of the fluid between the piston member and the ends of the cylinder member which ocour on relative movements of said members to cause reciprocation of said lirst mentioned member in stepped relation to said second member, and means for delaying the substantial development of throwing pressures until the piston member is materially beyond its mid-position in said cylinder including bypass means communieatingv at points spaced further than the length of the piston with the bore ofpsaid cylinder, said points of communication being so disposed that said positively recipro-l cated member has begun its upward move-v ment prior to the instant of impact of said tool upon the rook and the lifting action of the compressed uid between the members maintains the upward movement due to` re- Y bound of the tool from the rock.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses. Y

` ALBERT BALL. lVitnesses. Y

MORRIS P.- HOLMES,V

THOMAS OFFICER.

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