US1496833A - Stock food and process of making same - Google Patents
Stock food and process of making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1496833A US1496833A US603690A US60369022A US1496833A US 1496833 A US1496833 A US 1496833A US 603690 A US603690 A US 603690A US 60369022 A US60369022 A US 60369022A US 1496833 A US1496833 A US 1496833A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- per cent
- wood
- water
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid Substances OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000008578 Pinus strobus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007320 Pinus strobus Species 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001243 acetic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004674 formic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002402 hexoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002972 pentoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002916 wood waste Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/32—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from hydrolysates of wood or straw
Definitions
- My invention consists 1n-su'b ectmg sawdust, finely comminuted wood waste or other cellulose containing material to the action of a dilute acid under pressure for varying periods of. time.
- This treatment causes a portion of the wood to hydrolyze with a production of about 18 to 25 per cent sugar.
- a suitable reagent such as lime, calcium, carbonate, soda, ash, etc.
- the settled or filtered li uoris evaporated.
- the heayy syrup obtaine by evaporation of the sugar solution is then mixed with the partia 1y dried extracted dust and the whole evaporated to about eight to fifteen per cent moisture.
- the product produced in this wa is aim and may be use as such in a standar ration.
- the wood in the form of sawdust or finely M shredded slabs andedgings is placed in adigester, preferably a rotating di ester, together with sufficient water to mafirethe ratio of water to wood about 1 :1 or 2.5 :1 after the digestion is complete.
- the acid is introduced at the same time with the water in call antities corresponding to 0.5 to 2.5% of t e d weight of the wood. ,The per cent of aci required will vary somewhat according to the time of cooking and the steam pressure used.
- the digester is then closefi cook of 10 to 20 minutes with 1.8
- e pressure may be varied accordlng to the time of cooking or to the concentration of acid used.
- the steam pressure should be a out 120 pounds. The maximum pressure should be reached as rapidly as possible after admlttin the steam.
- the digester is quick y connected to a blow-ofi' pipe leading to acondenser or to the open air, and the pressure relieved.
- acondenser or to the open air By condensmg the blow olf, considerable quantities of volatile oil can be recovered from coniferous woods.
- the digested wood is then removed from the digester and the sugars extracted with water in leaching towers, difiusion e quantity of water used will spend upon the nature of the wood and its state of comminution.
- a quantity of water equivalent to three or four times the original weight of the wood is sufiicient to remove the greater part of the acid used .as the hydrolyzing agent.
- the solution thus obtained is then neutralized with a suitable neutralizin agent until the liquor shows an acidity of our to five degrees (Am).
- This neutralization removes not only "the greater part of the acid introduced as the catalytic agent but also the greater part of the oranic acid such as acetic and formic acids ormed during the digestion. This extractionand subsequent neutralization of the acids is considered an important and vital step in the process.
- the partially neutralized solution has been allowed to settle or, if necessary, filtered, the clear liquor is evaporated preferably under reduced pressure, to a thick molasses; This molasses is then added to the extracted dust which may, or may not have been previously pressed or partially dried or both. After mixing the material is placed in an oven or continuous dryer and the moisture content reduced to 8 to 15 er cent.
- the concentration of the aci used as the hydrolyzing agent is varied according to the pressure or to the period of time of cookin For example, a quantit of acid correspon ing to 1.8 per cent of t e dry weight of the Q 1,4ee,esa wood should be'used for cooking periods of wood. This can be done either by screening from to minutes, while for s orter pe before digestion or after the extraction of riods the acid strength should be increased.
- the concentration of acid may be materially lowered in order to avoid a decomposition of the sugars, a reaction that occurs when the acidity pressure or time of cooking is increased.
- the quantity of water used should be varied according to the time of cooking. For periods of from 15 to 20 minutes or less and at a steam pressure of 115 to 120 ounds the ratio of water to dry wood shou d be1.25 to 1 inclusive of the moisture originally; contained in the wood. For longer perio the uantityn of water should be reduced in or or to compensate.
- the pressure used for cooking the material is dependent upon the concentration of acid used and upon the length of the cooking period. As noted above for a concentration of acid corresponding to 1.8 per cent of the d .weight of the wood and a cookerio of 10 to 20 minutes a pressure of 115 to 120 pounds would be most desirable. For longer digestion periods and greater concentrations of acid the ressure should be somewhat reduced Whl e for shorter riods and lower concentrations of acid it should be slightly increased.
- the evaporation of the sugar solution should be carried out under reduced pressure and at a temperature not ater than 95 de centigrade. It has n foun that e en ar content of the final product gradually ecreases upon standing if the moisture content is'in excess of 15 r cent. For this reason it is essential that e prod uct be dried to about eight to fifteen per cent moisture.
- the drying should be carried out in an oven or continuous dryer at A a temperature of 70 to 90 degrees to avoid decomposition of the
- the material is ve easil dried and after being dried to e t or fi 11 per cent moisture it kegps inde itely. The moisture content sho d in no, case exceed 15 per cent; otherwise it would spoil on standing.
- a rocess for preparing a stock food from ce ulose contaimn material which consists in subjecting sai material .to a digestion for 10 to 20 minutes at a steam pressure of 100 to 120 pounds in the (presence of a quantity of acid equivalent to .5 per cent to 2.5 r cent of thedry weight of the ori 'na material, then extractinghghe mass wi hot water, partially neutra the acids in the solution so obtained with a neutralizing ent, such as lime, sttling to remove in'solu le material, decanting, and, after evaporation to a thick syrup, mixing the syru with the solid extracted residue from which part of the moisture has been removed.
- a neutralizing ent such as lime, sttling to remove in'solu le material, decanting
- a rilrocess for preparing a stock food from ce ulose containm material which consists in subjecting sai material to a digestion for 10 to 20 minutes at a steam pressure of 100 to 120 pounds in the presence of aquantity of acid equivalent to 0.5 per cent to 2.5 per cent of the dry weight of the original material and in the presence of suflicient water to make the ratio of water material from 1:1 to 2.5 :1 after digestion is complete, then extractin the mass with hot water, partially neutra sing the acids E the solution with a neutralizing a nt an as lime, settling to remove inso uble uilte'ritl, decanting, and, after evaporation to 1 thick syrup, mixin the syrup with the solid extracted residue m w ic part of the moisture has been removed.
- Aprocess for preparing a stock food from ce lulose con material which consist! in subjecting sai material to a digestion for 10 to 20 minutes ata steam pressure of 100 to 120 nude in the presence of a quantity of aci equivalent to 0,5 per cent to 2.5 per cent of the dg weight of he original material and in e presence of III sufiieient water to make the ratio of water a art of the water has been removed, and 10 to dry material from 1 :1 to 2.5 :1 after digessu sequently drying the .whole to a. moisture tion is complete, then extracting the mass content of 8 to 15 per cent.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Description
, comparable to a Patented June 10, 1924.
UNITED STATES 1,496,833 PATENT OFFICE.
EARL C. SHERRARD, 0F MADISON, WISCONSIN. DEDICATED, IBY HEBNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE PEOPLE 01 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
STOCK FOOD AND IPROCESS OF MAKING SAME.
K0,,Drawin g.
Application filed November 27, 19532. Serial No. 608,080.
(FILED UNDER THE ACT OF MARCH 3, 1,883, 22 STAT. 13., 625.)
T a all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, EARL C. SHERBARD, a citizen of the United States of America, and an employee of the Department of Agriculture, residing in Madison, Wisconsin, whose post-office address is Department of Agricu ture, Madison, Wisconsin, have invented a certain new and. useful Stock Food and Process of Making Same, of which the following is a specification.
This application is made under the act of March 3, 1883, Chapter 143 (22 Stat, 625), and the invention herein described and claimed may be used by the Government of the United States or any of its olficers or employees in the prosecution of work for the Government and also by an erson in the United States, either in pu he or private work, without payment to me of any royalty.
thereon.
My invention consists 1n-su'b ectmg sawdust, finely comminuted wood waste or other cellulose containing material to the action of a dilute acid under pressure for varying periods of. time. This treatment causes a portion of the wood to hydrolyze with a production of about 18 to 25 per cent sugar. After leaching the sugar from the digested dust with hot water, neutralizing the acid with a suitable reagent such as lime, calcium, carbonate, soda, ash, etc., the settled or filtered li uoris evaporated. The heayy syrup obtaine by evaporation of the sugar solution is then mixed with the partia 1y dried extracted dust and the whole evaporated to about eight to fifteen per cent moisture. The product produced in this wa is aim and may be use as such in a standar ration.
The process of manufacturing this material in more detail is as follows:
The wood in the form of sawdust or finely M shredded slabs andedgings is placed in adigester, preferably a rotating di ester, together with sufficient water to mafirethe ratio of water to wood about 1 :1 or 2.5 :1 after the digestion is complete. The acid is introduced at the same time with the water in call antities corresponding to 0.5 to 2.5% of t e d weight of the wood. ,The per cent of aci required will vary somewhat according to the time of cooking and the steam pressure used. The digester is then closefi cook of 10 to 20 minutes with 1.8
tery or other extraction a' paratus.
and steam admitted until the pressure has reached 100-120 unds for 10 to 20 minutes as noted below. e pressure may be varied accordlng to the time of cooking or to the concentration of acid used. For a standard er cent acid the steam pressure should be a out 120 pounds. The maximum pressure should be reached as rapidly as possible after admlttin the steam.
en the di estion iscomplete the digester is quick y connected to a blow-ofi' pipe leading to acondenser or to the open air, and the pressure relieved. By condensmg the blow olf, considerable quantities of volatile oil can be recovered from coniferous woods. The digested wood is then removed from the digester and the sugars extracted with water in leaching towers, difiusion e quantity of water used will spend upon the nature of the wood and its state of comminution. As a general rule a quantity of water equivalent to three or four times the original weight of the wood is sufiicient to remove the greater part of the acid used .as the hydrolyzing agent. The solution thus obtained is then neutralized with a suitable neutralizin agent until the liquor shows an acidity of our to five degrees (Am). This neutralization removes not only "the greater part of the acid introduced as the catalytic agent but also the greater part of the oranic acid such as acetic and formic acids ormed during the digestion. This extractionand subsequent neutralization of the acids is considered an important and vital step in the process.
fter the partially neutralized solution has been allowed to settle or, if necessary, filtered, the clear liquor is evaporated preferably under reduced pressure, to a thick molasses; This molasses is then added to the extracted dust which may, or may not have been previously pressed or partially dried or both. After mixing the material is placed in an oven or continuous dryer and the moisture content reduced to 8 to 15 er cent.
The concentration of the aci used as the hydrolyzing agent is varied according to the pressure or to the period of time of cookin For example, a quantit of acid correspon ing to 1.8 per cent of t e dry weight of the Q 1,4ee,esa wood should be'used for cooking periods of wood. This can be done either by screening from to minutes, while for s orter pe before digestion or after the extraction of riods the acid strength should be increased.
In the same way when longer periods are required, the concentration of acid may be materially lowered in order to avoid a decomposition of the sugars, a reaction that occurs when the acidity pressure or time of cooking is increased.
In the same way the quantity of water used should be varied according to the time of cooking. For periods of from 15 to 20 minutes or less and at a steam pressure of 115 to 120 ounds the ratio of water to dry wood shou d be1.25 to 1 inclusive of the moisture originally; contained in the wood. For longer perio the uantityn of water should be reduced in or or to compensate.
for the condensation of steam.
The pressure used for cooking the material is dependent upon the concentration of acid used and upon the length of the cooking period. As noted above for a concentration of acid corresponding to 1.8 per cent of the d .weight of the wood and a cookerio of 10 to 20 minutes a pressure of 115 to 120 pounds would be most desirable. For longer digestion periods and greater concentrations of acid the ressure should be somewhat reduced Whl e for shorter riods and lower concentrations of acid it should be slightly increased.
In the same m the time of cooking 1s degendent upon t e concentration of acid an upon the pressure. While the standard cook mentioned above reduces the largest quantity of total reducing sugars a longer period roduces a slightly greater per cent of the exose sugars and at the same time decomposes a part of the pentoses with a production of formic and acetic acid. Although the hexoses have a ater food value it is problematical who or the increased yield compensates for the great expense involved in the longer cooking period.
The evaporation of the sugar solution should be carried out under reduced pressure and at a temperature not ater than 95 de centigrade. It has n foun that e en ar content of the final product gradually ecreases upon standing if the moisture content is'in excess of 15 r cent. For this reason it is essential that e prod uct be dried to about eight to fifteen per cent moisture. The drying should be carried out in an oven or continuous dryer at A a temperature of 70 to 90 degrees to avoid decomposition of the The material is ve easil dried and after being dried to e t or fi 11 per cent moisture it kegps inde itely. The moisture content sho d in no, case exceed 15 per cent; otherwise it would spoil on standing.
It has also been foun desirable to remove the larger pieces of bark and undigested dtod the sugar and acid. It has been found that the moist extracted dust is more easily screened than the original dust and it is thought that the increased ease of o ra tion more than outweighs the increase cost of handlingthe screenings during digestion and extraction. The loss of materia upon screening the extracted dust amounts to about five per cent of the total material placed on. the screen.
I prepared a stock food from eastern white pine in accordance with the process described above and it was found to be characterized by containing cellulose which difiers from that in the ori 'n'al material in being almost wholly solub e or capable of formin a colloida solution in a 17 per cent so ution of sodium hydroxide and containing practically the same quantity of ligneous material as the original wood.
I claim:
1. A rocess for preparing a stock food from ce ulose contaimn material which consists in subjecting sai material .to a digestion for 10 to 20 minutes at a steam pressure of 100 to 120 pounds in the (presence of a quantity of acid equivalent to .5 per cent to 2.5 r cent of thedry weight of the ori 'na material, then extractinghghe mass wi hot water, partially neutra the acids in the solution so obtained with a neutralizing ent, such as lime, sttling to remove in'solu le material, decanting, and, after evaporation to a thick syrup, mixing the syru with the solid extracted residue from which part of the moisture has been removed.
2. A rilrocess for preparing a stock food from ce ulose containm material which consists in subjecting sai material to a digestion for 10 to 20 minutes at a steam pressure of 100 to 120 pounds in the presence of aquantity of acid equivalent to 0.5 per cent to 2.5 per cent of the dry weight of the original material and in the presence of suflicient water to make the ratio of water material from 1:1 to 2.5 :1 after digestion is complete, then extractin the mass with hot water, partially neutra sing the acids E the solution with a neutralizing a nt an as lime, settling to remove inso uble uilte'ritl, decanting, and, after evaporation to 1 thick syrup, mixin the syrup with the solid extracted residue m w ic part of the moisture has been removed.
3. Aprocess for preparing a stock food from ce lulose con material which consist! in subjecting sai material to a digestion for 10 to 20 minutes ata steam pressure of 100 to 120 nude in the presence of a quantity of aci equivalent to 0,5 per cent to 2.5 per cent of the dg weight of he original material and in e presence of III sufiieient water to make the ratio of water a art of the water has been removed, and 10 to dry material from 1 :1 to 2.5 :1 after digessu sequently drying the .whole to a. moisture tion is complete, then extracting the mass content of 8 to 15 per cent.
with hot water, partial]; neutralizin the In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature acids in the solution with a neutra izing in the presence of two subscribin witnesses.
agent, such as lime, settling to remove in- EARL G. SHE RABD. sq uble material, decanting, and, after evap- Witnesses: oration to a thick syrup, mixing the syru 1 L. F. Hnwwr,
with the solid extracted residue from whic Emma'r Bummer.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US603690A US1496833A (en) | 1922-11-27 | 1922-11-27 | Stock food and process of making same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US603690A US1496833A (en) | 1922-11-27 | 1922-11-27 | Stock food and process of making same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1496833A true US1496833A (en) | 1924-06-10 |
Family
ID=24416521
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US603690A Expired - Lifetime US1496833A (en) | 1922-11-27 | 1922-11-27 | Stock food and process of making same |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US1496833A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2600903A (en) * | 1948-03-26 | 1952-06-17 | Miller Harry | Method of processing alfalfa |
-
1922
- 1922-11-27 US US603690A patent/US1496833A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2600903A (en) * | 1948-03-26 | 1952-06-17 | Miller Harry | Method of processing alfalfa |
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