US1491587A - Burner for furnaces - Google Patents

Description

nrmmnnnnn ugau wpnnu P. DH. DRESSLER ET AL BURNER FOR FURNACES Original Filed June 21 April 22 jut/rel Titrwrmrer an Patented Apr. 22, 1324.

STTS

PHILIP DI-IUC DRESSLER, OF ZANESVILLE, OHIO, AND LUTHER T. STROMMIER, OF

BEAVER, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNORS T0 AMERICAN DRESSLER TUNNEL KILNS,

INQ, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATIQN OF NEW YOEK.

BURNER FOR FURNACES.

Application filed. June 21, 1920, Serial No. 390,442. Renewed September 26, 1923.

T 0 all whom may concern:

Be it known that we, PHILIP DHUo DRES- sLnR, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and resident of Zanesville, in the county of Muskingum and State of Ohio, and LUTHER T. STROMMER, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Beaver, in the county of Beaver and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Burners for Furnaces, of which the following is a specification.

The general object of our present invention is to provide a simple and effective burner construction especially devised for introducing a combustible fluid into a highly heated combustion chamber with a flame delivery at an angle to the direction of the portion of the burner or supply conduit through which the combustible fluid is passed through the wall of the combustion chamber. Our invention was primarily devised for use in a continuous tunnel kiln heated by elongated combustion chambers located within, and extending longitudinally of the kiln chamber. In such a kiln the gas must be introduced into a combustion chamher, in many cases, through the side or bottom walls of the kiln and combustion chamber; that is it must be introduced in a direction transverse to the length of the combustion chamber whereas the flame jet should be delivered from the burner in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber to prevent its direct impingement against the inner wall of the combustion chamber with consequent injurious local overheating of the combustion chamber-' walls. To accomplish this quarter turn in the direction of flow of the hot gases the burner must comprise a portion which is either actually or in effect of elbow shape. Much difficulty has been experiencedv with such elbow shaped burners at the high temperature prevailing, because of the deposit of carbon formed by the cracking of the hydro carbons, on the outer or concave side of the inner wall of the elbow. We avoid this difliculty in accordance with the present invention by directing a stream of decarbonizing fluid such as steam or air, and which in practic will ordinarily be cold or relatively cool air,'against the portion of the inner wall of the elbow at which the carbon deposition would otherwise occur. This stream, if of air, will ordinarily and preferably be insufficient in volume for the combustion of more than a small portion of the fuel gas but'it serves to cool the portion of the elbow on which carbon deposits mainly tend to occur, burns off the deposits which actually are made on this portion of the burner, and materially eliminates the amount of carbon deposition partly by its cooling effect, partly by burning carbon particles before they have an opportunity to deposit, and partly by preventing contact between the'fuel gases and the burner wall. The remaining air necessary for the complete combustion of the gas may be introduced into the combustion chamber in any usual or suitable manner.

\Ve have devised various forms of ap-- tive matter in which we have illustrated and described various forms of apparatus embodying our invention.

Of the drawings;

Fig. 1 is a transverse section of a continuous tunnel kiln, the left hand portion of the section being taken on the line 1 1 of Fig. 2, and the right hand portion on the line IA IA;

Fig. 2 is a partial section taken on the line 22 of Fig. l;' i

Fig. 3 is a plan of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 in section on the line 3-3 ofFig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a 'partial horizontal section through the combustion chamber 'of a con-' tinuous tunnel kiln in which a modified construction is employed; and

Fig. 5 is a view taken similarly to Fig. it showing another modification.

in the drawings and referring first to the Construction shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, A represents the kiln chamber of a continuous tunnel kiln of the well knownDressler type and having internal combustion chambers B constructed and arranged generallyas set forth in. the patent to Conrad Dressler 1,170,428. The combustion chambers B eX- tend longitudinally of the kiln chamber and rest upon a masonry bench A at thesides of the pathway for the cars H by which the goods are transported through the kiln. The bottoin, side and top walls of each combustion chamber B are formed with open ended longitudinal channels 6. The tile *sections Z) in each side wall are jointed into the adjacent tile sections 6 forming the top and bottom walls of the combustion chamber, so:that the kiln atmosphere currents normally entering the open ends of the chambers 7) in the bottom walls of the combustion chamber, and leaving the connected system of channels 7) through the open upper ends of the channels in the inclined tile sections 72 forming the top wall of the combustion chamber.

With the special construction shown in Figs. 1', 2- and 3 a portion of the bottom wall of each combustion chamber at each burner inlet is formed by a refractory block C formed with a large: central opening C. The side edges of this block support the the sections 6 which form the side walls of the adjacentgoortion of the combustion chamber. 7 Each block Q is notched or recessed at'its sides as indicated at C to provide ports or passages through which the channel 6 in the tile sections 7) supported on the block communicate at their lower ends with the interior of the kiln chamber.

Fuel gas is supplied to the combustion chamber through the opening C in its bottom wall by a gas supply conduit A formed in the masonry bench A on which the combustion chamber rests. As shown the conduit A leads into the kiln structure from the side of the latter. The upper portion of the conduit A is formed by a tubular fire clay part D, the lower end of which is embedded in the masonry body of the bench A and the upper end of which projects above the bench level to a height about equal to the thickness of the bottom wall of the combustion chamber. A second fire clay section F is supported on the section D and unites with the latter to form in eiiect an elbow through which the fuel gas, risin vertically through the body portion of the section D, is delivered in an approximately horizontal direction longitudinally of the combustion chamber through th opening F at one end of the hood member F. A supply channel A for the decarbonizing fluid, which in the construction shown is air, is also formed in each bench. .The upper portion of the air channel A is formed by a fire clay section E adjacent the section D and like the latter having its lower end embodied inthe masonry body portion of the bench A and its eupper end projectingabove the bench level itO approximately the top level of the section C. The hood member F extends over, and is supported in part on the fire clay section E. The hood member F is pinvided with a pair of depending flanges F which provide channels F receiving at their rear ends a portion of the air passing through the conduit 23.

In practice the air flowing through the channel A is cold, or only moderately pre heated and is delivered under pressure, so that a film of air flows constantly along the roof of the gas supply elbow formed by the conduit section D and hood member F, and through the channels F? along the side. This stream of air, as already explained, tends to prevent carbon deposition, and burns off any such deposit which may occur from time to time.

In the construction shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the main volume of air supplied for the combustion of the gas supplied by the channel A, enters the combustion chamber through portsD formed l11;tl1e tile section ba. The latter forms the portion of the bottom wall of the combustion chamber immediately to the rear of the slab (3.: Each tile secl tion 6a differs from the adjacent bottom wall tile sections 1) essentially only in the provision of the ports 72 in the upper sides of the channels I) of the tile 5a. The stack suction impressed by means not shown, on the end of the combustion chamber remote from the burner, draws air into the combustion chamber through the ports 6*". Suitable devices such as the channel like parts H located in the channel Z) of the tile section ba to regulate the fiow through the parts 5 The parts H have parts H moved into and out of register with the parts 6 by the longitudinal adjustment of the parts H. To permit of this adjustment parts A normally closed by brick plugs I, are formed in the side walls of the kiln.

Those skilled in the art will understand that the air thus drawn into the combustion chamber from the kiln chamber is ordinarily supplied to the latter at its delivery or cooling zone end, and flowing lengthwise through the kiln chamber assists in cooling the goods down to the safe temperature for delivery. In thus cooling the goods the air becomes highly heated by the time it reaches the portion of the kiln chamber in which the combustion chamber burners are located.

In tunnel kilns of the type disclosed, each combustion chamber is sometimes provided with only a single gas burner which is then located at the end of the combustion chamber remote from its stack connection. In other cases each combustion chamber is provided with a plurality of'burners distributed along a portion of the combustion chamber adjacent'its end remote from the stack. In such cases it is desirable to initiate combustion at each forward burner, having reference to the direction of gas flow through the combustion chamber, in-a special burner compartment not traversed by products'of combustion and burning gases from burners to the rear, as is set forth in the patent to Conrad Dressler, No. 1,285,647. The particular construction shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 is one in which each combustion chamber is intendedto have a plurality of burners, and the particular burners shown are forward burners. To initate combustion of the gas issuing through the burner port F by the air supplied through the corresponding ports 6 these ports and the hood F are located in a burner compartment formed by refractory slabs G resting against the inner walls of the-combustion chamber proper and slabs G forming the top wall of this compartment, and an inclined slab G which closes the rear end of the compartment. The compartment thus formed is open at its forward end to the interior of the combustion chamber proper. The central opening C in each section C is made large enough to permit the normal movement of the corresponding combustion chamber B bodily lengthwise of the bench as the temperature of the combustion chamber changes.

Vhile the special construction shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 is the preferred construction of this character devised by us and comprises various special advantages, carbon deposition in an elbow shaped gas burner may be prevented in accordance with the present invention by other and very difierent constructions. One modification for this purpose is illustrated in Fig. 4:, wherein BA represents a combustion chamber which may be substantially the same in its general construction as the combustion chambers shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. In Fig. l combustible gas is introduced into the combustion chamber through a conduit DA which passes into the combustion chamber as shown through the side wall of the latter, though it might enter through the bottom wall. The conduit DA is formed with double walls to provide an air or steam jacket D". Air or steam flowing through the jacket D prevents the burner from being heated to an injurious temperature. The air or steam flowing through the jacket D is discharged adjacent the burner orifice D in such a manner as to scour the inner wall of the elbow shaped gas passage at its outer or concave side, one or more ports D being provided for this purpose. To better cool the inner end of the conduit DA, one or more orifices D may be provided as shown, immediately main volume ofair for the combustion of the gas delivered by the burner pipe DA,

enters the combustion chamber BA through a port B in the wall B which closes the burner end of the combustion chamber.

In the modification shown in Fig. 5, gas is passed into the combustion chamber BA which may be identical with that shown in Fig. 4, through the elbow shaped part DB of fire clay or analogous refractory material which has one arm passing through the side wall of the combustion chamber and receiving gas from an external gas supply conduit D through a valved branch D of the latter. In this construction a jet of air is delivered against the outer concave portion of the inner wall of the elbow by an air supply pipe D located within and extending longitudinally of the pipe DB, and connected exteriorly of the kiln to a compressed air supply pipeD While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes we have illustrated and described the best forms of apparatus e1nbodying our invention now known to us, it will be apparent tothose skilled in the art that changes may be made in theform of the apparatus disclosed without departing from the spirit of our invention as set forth in the appended claims and that certain features of our invention may sometimes be'used to advantage without a corresponding use of other features. c

Having now described our inventiomwh'at we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is: I

1. The combination with a combustion chamber, of means for passing combustible gas into said chamber comprising a gas sup-' ply conduit extending into the combustion chamber and having an elbow bend atits discharge end, and means for causing a decarboni7ing fluid stream to flow along the outer or concave side of the internal surface of said elbow bend, and means for supplying air to said chamber-for the combustion of gas supplied thereto by said conduit.

2. The combination with a combustion chamber, of a gas supply conduit-extending into the combustion chamber and having an' elbow bend at its discharge end, means for causing a decarbonizing fluid stream of air, to flow along the outer or concaveside of the internal sur-' face of said elbow bend, said air being insufficient in amount for the combustion of the .gas passing through said'conduit, and means for supplying to said chamber the additional air required forthe combustion of the gas. p

3. In a continuous tunnel kiln, the combination with an elongated kiln chamber of an elongated combustion chamber therein formed with an aperture in its bottom wall,

a bench supporting said combustion chamber, air and gas supply conduits extend ng through said bench and projecting from its upper surface into said aperture and a refractory hood member extending over the upper end of said conduits to form a horizontal burner chamber open at one end to the combustion chamber and so shaped and arranged relative to said conduits and combustion chamber that a stream of air discharged by the air supply conduit will flow toward the end of the burner chamber open to the combustion chamber between said top wall of the burner chamber and the stream of gas discharged by the gas supply conduit.

4. In a continuous tunnel kiln, the combination with an elongated combustion chamber therein formed with an aperture in its bottom wall, a bench supporting said combustion chamber, separate air and gas supply conduits extending through said bench and projecting from the upper surface thereof into said aperture and arranged with the air supply conduit at the rear of the gas supply conduit, having reference to the longitudinal direction of (low in the combustion chamber, and a burner hood extending over the upper ends of said'conduits to provide a horizontal burner chamber closed at its rear end and open at its forward end to the combustion chamber.

5. In a continuous tunnel kiln the combination with an elongated combustion chamber therein formed with an aperture in its bottom wall, a bench supporting said combustion chamber, separate air and gas supply conduits extending through said bench and projecting from the upper surface thereof into said aperture and arranged with the air supply conduit at the rear of the gas supply conduit, having reference to the direction of flow in the combustion chamber, and a burner hood extending over the upper ends of said conduits to provide a horizontal burner chamber closed at its rear end and open at its forward end to the combustion chamber and provided with longitudinal flanges depending from its under side to provide a central longitudinal channel at the top of the burner chamber and separate longitudinal channels at the opposite sides of the first mentioned channel all of said channels receiving air at their rear ends from said supply conduit.

6. In a continuous tunnel kiln the combination with an elongated kiln chamber, of an elongated combustion chamber therein, having its side and top walls formed with circulation channels extending transversely to the length of the combustion chamber and opening at the top of the combustion chamber to the kiln chamber, and having a bottom wall section with an aperture through it, and the sides of which support the corresponding side wall portions of the combustion chamber and are formed with ports or passageways connecting the channels in said side wall portions and a bench supporting said combustion chamber and formed with a conduit opening into the combustion chamber through said aperture.

7. In a continuous tunnel kiln the combination with an elongated kiln chamber of an elongated combustion chamber therein, having side and top wall portions formed with circulation channels extending transversely to the length of the combustion chamber and opening at the top of the combustion chamber to the kiln chamber and having a bottom wall portion formed of tile sections having horizontal circulation channels transverse to the length of the combustion chamber and open at their ends to the kiln chamber and in communication with the channels in the adjacent side wall portions and having ports formed in the upper walls of some of the channels in said bottom wall portion to thereby place the interior of the combustion chamber in communication with the kiln chamber. I

8. In a kiln, the combination with an elongated kiln chamber, of an elongated combustion chamber therein having a bottom wall portion formed with horizontal channels extending transversely to the length of the combustion chamber and opening at their ends to the kiln chamber and ports formed in the upper walls of some of the channels to thereby place the interior of the combustion chamber in communication with the kiln chamber.

9. In a kiln the combination with an elongated kiln chamber, of an elongated combustion chamber therein having a bottom wall portion formed with horizontal channels extending transversely to the length of the combustion chamber and opening at their ends to the kiln chamber and a port formed in the upper wall of one of the channels to thereby place the interior of the combustion chamber in communication with the kiln chamber, and a device regulating the flow into the combustion chamber from the kiln chamber through said port said kiln having an opening in its side wall through which said device may be adjusted.

10. In a kiln the combination with the kiln chamber, of a combustion chamber having walls formed of hollow tile with channels therein in communication at their ends with the interior of the kiln chamber, and having ports opening from said channels into the combustion chamber.

11. In a kiln the combination with the kiln chamber, of a combustion chamber having walls formed of hollow tile with channels therein in communication at their ends with the interior of the kiln chamber, and

having a port opening from one of said channels into the combustion chamber, and a device adjustable from the exterior of the kiln chamber for regulating the flow 5 through said port.

12. A combustion chamber for the purpose described having Walls formed of h0l lOW tile with channels therein opening at their ends to the exterior of the chamber and With ports opening from one or more of said channels into the chamber.

PHILIP DHUO DRESSLER. LUTHER T. STROMMER.

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