US1490067A - Burner - Google Patents

Description

Patented Apr. 8, 1924.

TED STATES Meana?! PATENT oFFiE.

RALPH E. CRUZEN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE NATIONAL OIL HEATER CO., OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

BURNER.

Application filed June 25, 1923. Serial No. 647,462.

To all Iwhom t may conce/m.'

Be it known that I, RALPH E. CRUZEN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Burners, of which the following is declared to be a full, clear, and exactgdescription.

This invention, relates to burners of that type employed for burning kerosene Vor other crude oil capable of being used as a fuel, and its principal object is to provide a burner of improved construction having certain novel characteristic features.Y Another object is to provide a highly efficient oil burner in which a minimum amount of fuel may be used to obtainv a maximum efficiency. Another object is to provide means, in an oil burner, for improving combustion. Another object is rto provide an oil burner which may be readily installed in an ordinary coal burning stove and which requires no special brackets or other attaching means for securing it in place. Another object is to provide means, in an oil burner, whereby hot, burning gases may be defiected outward and downward against the fire pot in which it is used. With these and other objects and advantages in view, this invention H0 consists in the several novel features of construction, arrangement and combination of parts hereinafter fully set forth and claimed.

The invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which:

Fig. 1 is a. central, vertical section taken through burner embodying a simple form of the invention and showing the same in place in a fragment of a stove; Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the. burner; Fig. 3 is a plan of the burner base, which forms the lower part of the burner, and Fig. 4 is a view looking from below of the air dome, which forms the upper part of the burner.

Referring to said drawing, the reference character A, designates a fragment of a heating stove of ordinary construction which uses wood or coal as a fuel, and B, designates the fire pot thereof. A simple embodiment of the invention is shown at C. In its present form, the burner comprises a burner base 4, which rests upon the inner, concave face of the fire pot B, and a hot air dome 5, which rests upon the burner base 4. The burner base comprises a flat, horizontal annular base plate 6, having an upturned marginal iiangc 7, at its outer edge and a priming cup or oil receptacle 8, projecting down from its inner edge. In the base plate 6, are formed air ports 9, there being three air ports illustrated in the drawing, and adjacent the marginal edges of the air ports, upstandingflanges or ribs 10 are formed on the base plate, which ribs run parallel with or substantially parallel with the marginal edges of the air ports. Projecting up from the bottom of the priming cup or oil receptacle 8, is a nozzle 11, which is preferably made conical in form and terminates on the same level as the upper face of the base plate 6. Threadedly secured in an oil passage 12 in the nozzle 11 is the discharge end of an oil feed pipe 13 which leads from an oil tank or other source of oil supply (not shown), and said oil supply pipe contains a needle valve 14 by which the flow of oil to the burner may be regulated.

The hot air dome 5 comprises a number of air intake branches 15, corresponding in number to the number of air ports in the base plate, and said branches are hollow and form air passages c, leading up from the airk ports 9 of the base. The adjacent branches 15 form arches which extend over the base plate and merge into one another. Centrally disposed at the top of the arch portion is an upwardly projecting hollow boss which forms an air chamber 1G, closed at the top by a wall 17, and iii-open communication with each of the several air passages c, in the branches 15. Projecting down from the lower walls of the branches 15, is a centrally disposed hollow boss 1S which has a discharge opening somewhat larger in diameter than the nozzle 11 to provide an annular discharge opening between the discharge opening in the boss 18 and nozzle, for the discharge of pre-heated air. The side walls 19 of the branches 15 extend-approximately in radial lines towards the center of the device, fo-r a short distance from the upper face of the base plate, and adjacent their upper ends, the adjacent walls of any two branches merge together on curved lines and curve upwardly and outwardly and form the concave or under faces 19a of the portion of the arch part. Above said concave lower faces the top of the arch portion may be horizontal, as at 20. The lower ends of the several branches 15 are surrounded by the upstanding lianges or ribs 10 of the base,

and as a preference, some clearance is left between the lower ends of the branches and ribs 1() to permit of any unequal expansion of the two members of the burner.

The burner base and hot air dome are each made of a single piece of cast metal and the walls thereof are made comparatively thick so as to provide parts which have solid and substantial walls that absorb and radiate heat.

In operation, the valve 14 is opened to admit a quantity of kerosene or other hydrocarbon into the cup S for priming the burner, and as a preference, the latter contains a. wick of asbestos or other similar material. The valve 14 is then closed and the liquid in the cup is ignited, thereby heating up the surrounding parts and vaporizing the fuel in the adjacent portions of the oil supply pipe. When the priming fluid has been consumed, rt-he valve 14 is turned on again and the vaporous fuel is ignited.

Cold air enters the hot air dome through the ports 9 and is heated in the hot air passages c and discharges in a downward direction over and around the nozzle 11 and supplies the necessary oxygen to support combustion, and t-he burning gases escape out through the air discharge passages between the branches 15. rlhe hot burning gases strike against the concave faces 19 of the arches and are deflected outwardly and downwardly towards the fire pot B, thereby heating it and the other parts of the stove. It is quite obvious that the hot burning gases heat the hot air dome to a high temperature, and that the incoming air is preheated' before being discharged from the hot air dome. For this reason a more perfect combustion is obtained, and from actual experience it has been found that practically no carbon is disposed on the parts, but that all of the products of combustion are consumed. The flow of air to the hot air dome may be regulated b y the usual air register with which. heating stoves are usually provided. t Y

It will be observed that no clamps or bolts are required for holding the burner in place in the stove but it maybe placed directly on the tire pot and held thereon by its own gravity. The concave surfaces 19a act as deflectors for the hot burning gases and direct the burning gases outwardly and downwardly towards the lire pot instead of permitting them to escape directly upward. Moreover, because of the comparatively thick walls, there is less danger of the parts warping than with relatively thin walls. Furthermore," the upstanding ribs or ilanges around the lower ends of the branches of the hot air dome, prevent the incoming air from leaking past the joint between the base plate and hot air dome and thereby interfering with the combustion. lVith said upstanding flanges surrounding the lower ends of the branches, the incoming cold air must pass up through the hot air dome before being discharged at the point where combustion takes place.

More or less variation of the exact details of construction is possible without departing from the spirit of this invention; I desire, therefore, not to limit myself to the exact form of the construction shown and described, but intend, in the following claim, to point out all of the invention disclosed herein.

l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

A burner comprising a burner plate formed with a centrally located priming cup and an upwardly discharging cone shaped fuel nozzle therein, there being several, equiJ distant air ports in said burner plate, cirf cumferentially disposed about the same, and a hot air dome having several branches, corresponding in number to the number of air ports and resting on said plate, said branches containing air passages opening to said air ports and converging toward cach other and uniting at a common place above the fuel nozzle, in a central, hollow boss which projects downward and terminates adjacent the fuel nozzle in a downwardly discharging discharge opening, the-re being outwardly flaring passage ways between said branches for the escape of products of combustion, and the walls of the adjacent branches converging toward each other and joining at their upper ends and -forming concave deflecting walls for preheating air and deflecting the products of combustion outwardly.

RALPH E. oRUzEN.

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