US1483038A - Swaging machine - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 5 15924. v 1,483,038

M C. ZEDERBAUM ET AL swAGING MACHINE Filed Sept. 25. 1920 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Feb. 5 1924. 1,483,038

M. c. ZEDERBAUM ET AL swAGING MACHINE Filed Sept.` 25 1920 v 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Feb. 5 1924.

M. c. ZEBERBAUM E1' m.

' swAGING MACHINE v Filed sept. 25, 1,920 I Patented Feb. 5, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MICHEL CARL ZEDERBAUIYI, J OB FISH, JR., AND LOUIS JOHN KIRCEENBAUER, OF

YONKERS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNORS TO OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY, OF JERSEY CITY,

NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION 0F NEW JERSEY.

SWAC-ING MACHINE.

Application filed September 25, 1920. Serial No. 412,801.

To all whom-'t may concern.'

Be it known that we, MICHEL CARL ZEDER- BAUM, Jon FISI-r, J r., and Loms JOHN KIRCHENBAUER, citizens of the United States, residing in Yonkers, in the cou'nty of Westchester and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Swaging Machines, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to forging or swaging machines and the object of our invention is to provide a machine to form the ends of hollow or solid cylindrical forgings or bars into coni-cal shapes of predetermined measurements by means of the application of several pneumatic hammers, the sectional forming dies, the hammers and dies constituting parts of the machine.

The following is a full, clear and exact description of our invention, reference being made to the accompanying drawings of which Figure 1 is a front view of the machine.

Figure 2 is av side View of the machine.

Figure 3 is a top view of the machine.

Figure 4 is a clear view of the operating and controlling mechanism.

Figure 4 is a sectional view on lin-e 1-1 in Figure 4.

Figure 5 is a side View of Figure 4 with certain parts broken away.

Figure 6 is a sectional view of the clutch device.

Figure 7 is a top view of the cast iron ta'lole.

Figure 7 a is a sectional view on line 3-3 in Figure 7.

Figure 8 is a sectional view of Figure 7 Figure 9 is a topI view of a die.

Figure 10 is a sectional view of Figure 9 showing `the shape of the die.

Figure 11 is a sectional view of the table with the die in place, showing also a forging in the die and the shape of the different hammers used with my invention.

Figure 12 is a view of the locating collar and centering bushing.

Figure 13 is a sectional view of Figure 12.

Figures 14, 15 and 16 are different views of the holding' fixture.

Figure 17 is a view of a thimble rod after it went through the process of our invention.

Figure 18 is a view of the same thimble rod before it went through the process of our invention.

The machine consists of a heavy cast iron circular table G resting on three substantial castiron legs, g. The table G supports a vertical column H which holds the center spindle I and carries the actuating mechanism for the rotation and the up and down ward motion of the spindle I. In the center of the table G is provided a permanentrecess K containing a die L (Fig. 11) which is made up of three segmental sections, and radiating therefrom at 120 angles are held three pneumatic hammers, M, N, and O, which are irml attached to the table G by means of specia ly designed clamps P in recesses R (Fig. 7 cast integral with the table G. These three hammers, M, N, and O, are in a horizontal plane, whereas a fourth hammer S is located vertically directly under the center of the die L. The center spindle I, which is provided with a slot z' on the center line and on the lower extremity of which is located a holding fixture T for the proper securing of the work, is rotated by means of a worm U and gear device V (Fig. 5) through a frictional clutch W and the downward motion is accomplished by a counterweighted lever X. The upward or return movement of the spindle I, after the completion of the work, is accomplished by a pneumatic cylinder Y. A pulleyv Z can be ibelted up to a suitable source of locomotive force and the number of revolutions per minute of the pulley depends upon lthe pur pose for which the machine is used.

For the purpose of illustration the ma-` minute. The proper tension on the friction clutch W is obtained by pressing the foot pedal down level with the Hoor and adjusting the turn buckle 21 until the spindle I revolves. Then give turn buckle about of a turn more. It isadvisable not to adjust the clutch IV too tightly so that if the thimble rod should stick in the die, the clutch W will slip, thus preventing the thimble rod from twisting in thearch.

Referring to Figures 4, 5, and 6, it will be noticed that the pulley Z is running free on the shaft 23 which is held in place bythe three bearings, 24, and 26. The bearings 24 and 25 are a part of the vertical column H. Between the bearings 24 and 25 on the shaft 23 is the worm U which meshes with the worm gear V. The bracket 27 is bolted to the column H and carries a bronze sleeve bearing 26 permanently fastened to this bracket with 3 screws to prevent motion. This sleeve bearing has on the portion-extending beyond the bracket an external square thread shown in Figure 5. The arm 28 is threaded on the inside of its hub portion to match the thread on'the outside of the sleeve bearing 26. is the latter is fastened permanently to the bracket 27, it is obvious that when the arm 28 is pulled down it will move the clutch IV toward the pulley Z and when the leather disk 29 engages the pulley Z, the shaft 23 will rotate with` the pulley Z. The clutch \V is keyed tothe shaft 23 and the key is held in place in the clutch IV by two screws and the keyslot in the shaft 23 is of such a length that theclutch can move horizontally over the shaft Between the pulley Z and the clutch IV is a spring 30 which serves to separate the clutch IV from the pulley Z when the arm 2S is returned to normal position.

The worm gear V, which is operated by the worm U. turns the center1 spindle I. In Figure 4 is shown how the worm gear V is held in place while the revolving spindle I can move up or down. The hub of the worm geur V is provided with a square groove into which fit two clips 31 and 32 which are permanently fastened with two screws each to vertical column II. That part ofy the center spindle I which passes through the worm gear V has a key-slot extending over such lengt-h is intended to slide through t-he gear V. The center spindle I and the worm gear V are connected together by meansr of the key which is permanently held in the key-slot of the gear V by means of screws as shown in section in Figure 4a. The top section of the center spindle I which fits snugly in the head of the column H is provided with grooves i to act as teeth matching the teeth of segment gear 34 which is keyed to the shaft 35 which has a bea-ring on each side of the column II as shown in Figure 3. On one end of the shaft 35 is fastened the counterweight arm X. As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the pneumatic cylinder Y is under pressure and as soon as the valve 36 (Fig. 1) is turned to let the air out of the cylinder Y, the counterweight on the .arm X will drop down and the gear 84 will consequently cause the center spindle I to drop down.

On the bottom of the spindle I is a holding fixture T to hold the thimble rod in place. Different views of the holding fixture T are shown in Figures 14, 15 and 16. rIhe holding fixture T is fastened to the center spindle I with two bolts 3T and 38. It is made. of cast iron and inside has a round opening the shape of'the shank and arch of the thimble rod as shown in Figure 14. There is an open slot t in one side of the spindle I and fixture T to admitthe rod to thespindle and fixture. The rod is held in place in said opening by a clamp or driving clip 39 held across the arch of the rod. The clamp has a fork in one end of it and al slot in edge of its sides near the opposite end. See Figure 15. The fork engages a bolt.41 and the slot the bolt 42, Figure 14, to hold the clamp 39 in place while in operating position. Vhen clamp or driving clip 39 is in open position its end near the fork rests on the bolt 42 and its other end is held in place by a supporting member (Fig. 14). The clamp 39 can be easilylifted out of place by the handle 43 fixed in the clamp as on the bolts 41 and 42 are bosses over which the clamp 39 fits snugly as already told. In Figure 14 a thimble rod is shown, in dotted lines, held in the fixture T in position by driving the clip or clamp 39 (see Fig. 14).

On the center Spindle I is fastened a locating collar J which can be moved up or down the center spindle I by loosening the bolts 44 and 45. This collar is provided with a centering piece 46 which fits in the slot 1'. over the stem of the thimble rod and serves to keep the thimble rod in the center of the die L. The centering piece 46 is held in the locating collar by means of the bolts 47.

The compressed air is conducted to the machine through thepipe 48. To this pipe 48 is connected the oil pump 49 which has an oil reservoir 50. As often as may be necessary the operator should pump a little oil in the pipe 48 where the oil mixes with the compressed air and lubricates all the kair hammers and the cylinder Y. The hammers M, N and O Work always at the same time and are controlled by the valve 51 which is operated by the foot pedal 20. After the air has passed through the valve 51, it comes into` the distributing box 52 Where the air is distributed to the hammers M, N and 0. The air supply to the air is yalso supplied Vvided an adjusting support 53 which is fastened tothe table with twobolts 53. In the center is a libre block 54 which is ground to suit the handle of the pneumatic hammers. This libre block can be pushed forward by the adjusting screw or bolt 55 which has a hand wheel on one end so `as to enable the operator .to set each hammer accurately.' A lock-nut k56 prevents the adjusting bolt from working loose. Thehammer head on the bottom hammer can be removed by unscrewing the two bolts of the support 53 and the adjusting screw 55 allo-wing the hammer to drop down a sufficient dist-ance to get at the head to remove it. See Figs. 1, aand a The die L (see Figs. 9 and l0) consists of three sect-ions and between the adj acent ends of each two sections is a spring 57. When the sections are placed in the table, they are held rin place by a dowel ypin 58 on the bottom and plate 59 on the top by screws l, see Figure 11. When the die L is in place the springs 57 will push the three sections apart and consequently form three slots in the die L, which are for the purpose of allowing the die sections to move in against the object to be forged. These slots correspond with slots 60 in the die seat K (Fig.

7 and Fig. 7a). These slots are provided for the purpose of automatic expulsion of scale and grit accumulated during the process of swlaging.

All the hammers are provided with proper guards 61 forV the protection of the hammers. The guards are simply hollow, partly round, cylindrical shaped, open end hoods placed over the hammers with one open end of the hoods near the die as indicated in the drawings, see for instance, Figures l and 2. In the case of one of the guards for example the exhaust air from the hammer it protects is allowed to impinge upon or strike the interior surface of the guard or hood and be thereby deflected to pass out of the open end of the guard next to the die and in that way blow the scale or grit from thetop of the die O L and keep the sight of the work clear (see Fig. 2).

Having described the different parts of the machine, I will now proceed to explain the operation of the same.

This machine should be set up as close aspossible to a blacksmiths forge or oil furnace, where the heating of the forgingscan be accomplished and no time lost intransferring the hot forgings to the swaging machine. The three side hammers M, N, and O should be set so that'the'end ofthe hammer head is flushwith the die when open. I The bottom hammer S should be adjusted accurately by .means of the-adjustingscrew 55, so as to prevent the forming'of a thin fin around the bottomfedge of the swaged thimble rod. The locating collar J on the center spindle carrying the locating or guiding block 46 should be set'so that the shank of the thimblerod forging extends about into same with the arch of the thimble rod fitting into the seat in the holding fixture T (see Fig. 14).

The operator should be provided with heavy leather gauntlet gloves and 4should be provided with a suitable tool for inserting and lifting out hot forgings into and from thedie L. The stub end of a filey with wooden handle and with edges relieved to form a shoulder fitting the arch of the thimy blei'od forging,

is sufficient and forms a part of the equipment of each machine.

Before commencing actual swaging the die L should be preheated to avoid cracking, by placing into it a red hot thimble rodi' forging and repeating this' two or three times without operating the hammers, after which the following sequence of operations should be observed. Heat thimble rod forgings to a bright red color, about l600.

lfeeping basket of arch of the rod out of the Place hot end of forging into die L.

Raise stem of forging to center of spindle I with left hand.'

Lift forging up to seat of holding fixture T using the stub end of a file.

Hold stem` of forging in position with left hand thumb in slot of spindle -I until the spindle has been lowered and the forging isl in contact with the die L.

Lower spindle by pressing down with right hand the lever on valve 36, letting the airout of cylinder Y.

Slide clamp or driving clip 39 to the lefty into position locking the arch of the thimble. rod forging into the holding fixture T.

Step on foot pedal 20. This causes the arm 28 to move do-wn and forces the clutch, into engagement with the pulley Z which again causes the center spindle to rotate. At

the same time, pressing down the foot pedal 20 causes the three side hammers M, N and to operate.

Open with left hand the valve which;`

starts the .operation of the bottom hammer S. f

Release foot pedal 2() after spindle I has made a complete revolution. This stops the revolvingof the spindle I as the springs 71.

on plate 71, on column H lpush the arm 28 back to normal position and releases the clutch. At the same time, the operation of the three side hammers is stopped.

Raise spindle I by pushing up the lever air in the cylinder Y, which raises the eoun- V terweightarm X, and` at the same time shut z o-i', with the left,hand,the valve TO-which onvalve 36.,A with theiright hand, admitting stops the bottom hammeruS.

Slide driving clip r39-.to` the right and rerimove the finished thimble krod by insert-ing stubk end ofthe -le `under .the ,arch -of the rod, using right hand forthis purpose, and 'steadying the shank ofthe forging with the left" hand.

4'It is obvionsthat forgings `of different sizes and shapes can be swaged with this machine Aand to change the dies. and holding fixtures the followi-ngshould be observed.

VRaise the spindle I as high as it will go bywoperating the vlever of valve which f controls cylinder Y. inserta safety pin I73 which will'beifound attachedby a chain to ythe mainl frame of themachine (Figi) into.y

the hole 74 2) of the connecting rod 7 5 near theftop of cylinder Y. This willfpreventspindle Ifrom dropping in case-the air pressure is released accidentally.

Remove the iholding iixture T and the plate y59 covering the-die L.

Bloclrup the footpedal 20' as this prexvents the possibility,- ofaccidentally. starting f ltherevolving of.-spindle I or -the operation t ofthe ham-mers M, N land O.

Turn f the. valveV 7 0 #controlling the. bottom hammer S to drive up the sections of the die .standard lathe dog, which will have to be' vslightly `altered so-that-when `used the points of contact will' be on the joints ofthe die sections. A standard lathe dog is. merely a ring vwith set screws in it with their ends inwardly directed. 'The die sections are assembled together withthe springs between the two adjacent ends of the sections and the 'whole assembly placed in the ring or lat-he. dog` with theA free ends of the lathe dog screwsslightly .altered from their usually 'pointed .shape to a wide surface on their end's'to span the jointsbetween the adjacent ends of the sections. The screws are then 'screwed in against the/sections until the adjacent'ends of thesectionsfabut each other. After which the die is entered in the holder for the die.

Enter the die inline withthe dowel pins 58 in lthe. bottom ofV thedie holder K. Re-

.move the lathe'dog from around the sections and push the die sections in place in the kholder K.

Replacethe plate59 covering the die seg- Y ments.

Attachsuitable holding fixture to the underside of the spindle I and finally openthe air supply to the cylinder Y and remove the :safety pin.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure'byiLetters Patent is:

1. In a forging. machine, a` table having a f central recess, dies therein, radial-'recesses in `said tablefhammers in said recesses, said vradial `recesses having an yopeningiin; line Vwith said centralrecess, avertical opening in the bottom of said centralfrecess, a hammer in saidgopening, the dies. being adapted to receive an articletofbe forgeid andthe hammers tofbe operated to deliver blows :or pressure upon the dies,l and `article -to be forged therein.

2. In a forging machine, a table, a die kseat thereima die seated in the seat, said die seat and die khaving vertical openings inthelr lbottoms registeringgwith eachv other, a forging hammer, adapted to strike longitudi- 2 nallythroughisaid ropeningsthe article to be forged, and alsoto strike the `die to driveitv out of its seatsufcientlyfto enable yittozbe gotten hold ofitobe lifted entirely out ofl its seat.

3.k In a. forging machine, a table havingarecess or seat for a die, an expansible sectional die seated therein, the sections adapted toreceivev direct-action `hammer blows or impacts,

springsv between `the sections,holes lin the bottom ofthesections, dowelpins in the bot- Itom.ofthe-recess entered in thesaidholes.

45. In a4 forging machine, a table-having a recess or seat therein, adapted'to :receive or seat any expansible sectionaly die,` dowel pins in the `bottom! of the recess, .a'sectionaldie seated in the recess, a spring between fadj acent sections of thedie, thescctions provided 4with holes in which the dowel pins enter, and

a plate over) the top of thesections to retain them in operative positionwith freedom of movement.

In a forging'inachine, a table having a recess or seat therein, and slots in :the seat, a sectional `die in the recess, springs between the sections pushing them` apart from each other to form slots between themthe slots in the die seat and between the sections registering with each otherto constitutean exit for scale or grit in the die.

6. In a forging machine, a table, a die therein, av pneumatic hammer., -witli .ani exhaust for swaging an article in theV die, a guard on the hammer, also of suitable shape and arrangement to conduct the blast of. eX-

haust air to the top of the dieandblow the scale or grit therefrom, andtherebyy to keep.

vmatic hammers adapted to ydeliverblows directly :uponl the die and a 4vertical hammer.

ifieaosa adapted to deliver blows on vthe article in the die to be forged. j

8. In a forging machine, a sectional die, multiple horizontal hammers, radially arranged of the die and adapted to deliver blows simultaneously on opposing sides thereof, and a rvertical hammer, adapted to act directly and longitudinally on the blank being forged. i

9. In a forging machine, a table, a sectional die having an opening therethrough, adjustable hammers carried by the table, mounted radially of the die and vertically of the opening therethrough, and means to adjust the hammers with respect to the die and the article therein to be forged by them.

10. In a forging machine,`a table having a vertical opening therein, a sectional die having an opening in alignment with the opening in the table die, horizontal and vertical, adjustable hammers carried by the table, and means to adjust the hammers to the article to be forged, comprising a support or yoke, secured to the table, and an adjusting screw in the yoke, adapted to set up the hammers.

11. In a forging machine, a horizontal table, provided in its center with a recess or seat, and having vertical openings therethrough, a sectional die seated in the recess, and having a vertical opening registering with the opening in the die seat, multiple adjustable hammers mounted horizontally and vertically to the table, adapted to deliver direct-action pressure on the die and the article in the die to be forged, means to adjust the hammers to set them up to their work, comprising a yoke or support, secured to the table, an adjusting screw in the yoke, and hand wheel to turn it, and a bre block between the handle of the hammer and the adjusting screw.

12. In a swaging machine, a sectional die, multiple horizontal and vertical pneumatic hammers, adapted to deliver blows or pressures directly upon the die and the article respectively in the die to be forged, and means to distribute air to the horizontal hammers, comprising an air distribution box and means to control the operation of` the hammers.

13. In a forging machine, a sectional die, horizontal and vertical hammers, adapted to act directly on the die and longitudinally of the article in the die, and means to support the article in the die under the blows of the hammers.

14. In a forging machine, a sectional die, horizontal and vertical hammers, adapted to act directly on the die and longitudinally of the article in the die, and a holder for the article, comprising an adjustable and rotatable spindle, and means to adjust and rotate it.

column and bracket, a rotatable worm shaft in the bearings, a power pulley free on thekfgy shaft and a clutch to connect the pulley and shaft together, a rotatable spindle to hold the article to be forged in the die, and a worm gear on the spindle engaging the worm shaft, thereby rotating the spindle when the clutch is operated to connect the shaft and pulley together.

16. In a forging machine, a die, means to rotate and swage an article in the die, means to set into operation the swaging and rotating means, the means to set into operation the swaging and rotating means being connected together, whereby by one operation the Voperator of the machine can set both swaging and rotating means into operation.

17. In a forging machine, a sectional die, horizontal and vertical pneumatic hammers, acting directly on the die and the article respectively to be swaged in the die, a rotatable spindle to support the article, means to supply air to operate the hammers and rotate the spindle, the said means being connected together, whereby the one opera-` tion by the operator serves to set into` operation both the hammers and the rotation of the spindle.

18. In a forging machine, a revolvable work-holding spindle, adapted to turn the article in the forging die, a driving pulley to rotate the spindle, to connect the pulley with the spindle, a hub adapted to be rotated and also moved laterally to cause the clutch to engage the pulley, a foot pedal to turn the hub, and an adjustable connecting rod between the hub and pedal, whereby the friction between the two parts can be regulated suitably to turn the article in the die, but allow slippage between the pulley and clutch in case the article stick in the die.

19. In a forging machine, a rotatable shaft, a power pulley loose thereon, a frictional clutch, comprising a disk, freely splined on the shaft, an exteriorly threaded xed sleeve, an arm having a hub threaded on the sleeve, adapted to turn the hub, rand thereby move the disk into frictional contact with the pulley, a rotatable spindle to support an article to be forged, and means engaging the spindle and shaft to cause the latter to rotate the former.

20. In a forging machine, a vertical column, a rotatable, vertically adjustable spindle to carry the article to be swaged, means to rotate the spindle, comprising a a frictional clutch` driven "gear shaft, a gear onthe spindle, en gaging the gear shaft, and provided Witha square groove, two clips fastened to the vertical column, fitted vinto the said groove, a slot and key-way free connection between the spindle and the worm gear, and means to move the spindle up and down.

21. In a forging machine, a vertical column, a vertically movable spindle, to carry the article to be forged, and provided with gear teeth in its upper end, a segmentA gear, journ'alled in the said column, and meshed With the teeth in the spindle, a counter- Weight, and a pneumatic.cylinder connected to the segment gear, the weight to lower the spindle and the cylinder to raise it.

22. In a forging machine, a vertically7 adjustable Work-holding spindle, a cylinder, a pneumatically operable piston therein, adapted to raise the Spindle and allow it to drop, a connection 'rod between the ypiston and spindle, a hole in the rod near the top of the cylinder, and a pin, adaptedto be fitted in the hole in the rod, and hold the spindle against ,dropping in case the air pressure under the piston is released.

23. In a forging machine, a spindle to carry the article to be forged, and. provided With a slot, a locating collar fastened on the Spindle, and carryinga centering piece in the slot, the latteradapted kto re-l ceive the stem of the article to be forged, and the centering piece adapted to it over comprising aperforated and slotted holder,

the interior shape of the perforation designed toy correspond to the exterior shape of the article carried in the holder, a clamp or clip secured to theholder, across the slot therein, adapted to hold the article in the holder.

25. In a forging machine, a work-holder, comprising a fixture, adapted to receive the work, ,ha/ving a slot therein, and bosses thereon, a clamp designed to fit over the slot, one end of the clamp-being forked yand the other end being notched, to adapt the saine to be fitted on the bosses and removed therefrom to an open. position, andA a supe 'portingl member secured to the holder, and designed tohold the clampV When it is in an open position.

In testimony whereof, We have signed our names tothis specificationin they presence of two subscribing witnesses. l n

MICHEL CARL ZEDERBAUM. JOB FISI-I, Jn., f .s LOUIS JOI-IN KIRCHENBAUER.

B. E. WEWAM, .v E. E. WASHINGTON.

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