US1474065A - Superheater - Google Patents

Description

Nov. V34, w23. www5- l B. N. BROIDO SUPERHEATER Filled June 7, 1918 2 SheeS-Shee 2 Entente@ lid, 3923.

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BENJAMIN N. BROIDO, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE SUPER/HEATER COIL.- PANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION F DELAWARE.

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Application filed June 7, 191B. Serial 130,238,701.

To all whom z'zf may concern.'

Beit known that I, BENJAMIN N. Bacino, a citizen -of the. United States,and resident of the city of New York,.N. Y., have inf vented certain new and "useful 4Improvements in Superheaters, of which the followinis a specification.

y 'invention relates to separately fired superheatersand has for its purpose' the prolo vision of apparatus-of thisclass, whereby' l steam may be'supp'lied for two different purposes at different temperatures; wherein the superheaterelements are effectivel protected, and may be readily remove and replaced; and wherein'the temperature ofthe steam may bel readily regulated.

My invention will be understoodirom the following-description which is to beread in connection withA the accompanying drawings. vInt the latter, Fig. 1 is a longitudinal 4central sec-tion of asuperheater according to my invention; Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragi mentarysectional view on line 2-2 of Fig. 1; F 3 is a sectional View on line 3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 isa central longitudinal sectional View of a'modiication; F ig. 5 is a transverse sectional`view of still another modification; and Fig. 6 is a view of the headers and their connections of Fi 5.

' 39. In the form; of my `invention s own in Figs. 1 to 3, the superheater is made up of three sections placed in the three chambers 2, 3 and 4 of housing 1. The first section, ,5,

of the superheaten locatedfin chamber 2, comprises elements 6, which are securedv to .headers 7 and 8,'preferably located outside of housing 1. Pipe 9 deliverssteam from a boiler, not shown, to header 7, and pipes 10 and 11 carry it away, from'header 8.

c0-4 The furnace 12'furnish'ing the hot gases to superheat the steam, is located in the lower y part off. chamber 2, and is separated from section 5" of the superheater by two arches, 13 and 14. These arches have openings 15.

in them, the openings of the one being out of direct line with the openings of the other. It will be observed that these openings decrease in size with`their distance from the V front wall.

I V The rear wall 16 of thechamber 2 is provided with two openings, one', 17, at thetop, A and the other, 18, belowV arch 13. The latter opening. is controlled bydam er 19.

1 D1 chambers 3 Aand 4 are ocated respecv36. The construction of this arch and its opposite each other.

close it..

separates chambers 3 and 4,'is the openinc 29; and from the upper part of the rear wall 30 of chamber 4 leads the flue connection 3l Whlch is provided with the damper 32.

, The Wall 30A has at its lower end the open- 70 33, controlled by the damper 34 and com municating bymeans of passage 35 with 1ue`31. f.

The top of chamber 2 is closed bythe arch 76 support are shown in detail in Figs. 2 and 3. Imbedded in the front wall 16a is the hollow cast iron beam 37. Its ends rest onthe side walls, and, to cool it, its interior communicates with the air by means of the duct 38 ce extending through the side wall. Extendf ing from the .body of the beam 37 toward chamber 2 are the ingers'39. These are spacedapart to make room for the ends of the superheater elements 6. The outer ends of the lingers 39 are' recessed to Vprovide rectangular seats, as at 40.. Resting on these seats are the short lengths of angle iron 41. On these in turn rest the ends of the sections making up the arch 36. These .sections are as wideJ Ionly as the angle iron lengths 41 each other. The angle iron' lengths are show as spanningthree spaces between the fingers 39. Some other number may be used if desired. i

rIhe opposite wall carries a corresponding structure and the angle irons of the two lie The sections of the arch. are built in any usual or preferred .100

way,'the only requisite being that they are not bonded'to each other. Any space between them will, of course, be filled in with mortar, re clay, or other material to The -arch'42, closing the top .of chamber 3, and its means of support, are similar in every way to the structures just described,

The space around the par-ts of the superhea-terelements passing between tlie fingers 39 is, in practice, stopped up with ire'clay.

` The space above the archesinlled in' which is with sand or other material, 43, on put a layer of bricks, 44.

When it becomes necessary to "remove a vunit, enough of the bricks 43 and sand42 is vremoved to make accessible the section of arch 36 above the unit. This section is then i removed andv likewise the two angles 41 supi connected and lifted out.

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porting, it, after which the unit may bedis- The steps neccesary-*to insert a.v unit will be evident and need notl be recited' 1n de- If desired, a corresponding provision for the removalof the units o f superheater section 21 may ,be made. This'section, however, is not exposed to gases as hot as theother two sections, as eX lamed below, and

'removal of its elements w1 l be comparatively infrequent, for which reason no special.y

provisionV for. it is shown. When removal of one element becomes necessary, 1n case of -section 21 it. will usually be found neces-- sary to renew the 'entire set, and the entire topmust .be removed anyway. y Theoperation ofthe device is 'as follows:

Steam from the boilerisdelivered to the4 .I I header 7 by pipe `9, iiowsthrough the ele.

4 ments 6, where it is heat-ed by thegases from the furnace 12, andis delivered .by them to header 8, From this header a porV tion is carried by pipe 11 to header 22, and the remainder by pipe 10` to header 24.

The steam reaching header 22 flows through 'the elements ofthe super-heater 20, andl is` delivered by them to header 23, whence .it is carried by pipe 26tc the point of consumption. -Similarly the steam reaching i header 24' flows through superheater 21 is delivered by, the'elements of this jsuperheater to header 25, whence it reaches the point of lits use by means of pipe 27. v During their passage through the two superheaters 20 `and 21,'both portions ofthe steam are addi.l

tionally superheated bythe hot` gases from the furnace.4 With the dampers 19iand 34 in the positions indicated in the ligure, the"y iow ofthe hot gases vfrom the furnace will be upward through the first chamber, downward Athrough the second Vand upward `through the third. It will be noted thatV thel steam connections are such that inlthechambers 3 and' 4 the general direction of the steam ow is opposite to the gas ow. AThis is according to the'well-known thermodynamic principle of counter-flow. In the chamber 2 it is desirable to get the wettest v steam through the portions of the. elements' nearest. the lire and the connections are therefore such as to give liow ofsteam and. gases in the same general direction.y Tlfe remesa distribution, .of the heating gases over the elements is made more uniform by the variationin the `sizes of the openings 15 in the arches 13 and 14, spoken of above.

'It will be clear, that with superheater sections 20 and 21 of substantially equal size,'the steam going through20 willbe superheated to a higher degree than will-be thesteam going through 21.- 'By suitably proport-ioning the two supverheate'rsf any desired relative heat distribution' can be obtained'. This ppssibility'of getting twol steam supplies ofdilfer'ent degrees of superi heat is very valuable in -many cases.

Should it .be desired to .raise the degree of supe'rheat of the steam from superheater 21,1'elatively to that from 20, the damper 19 is opened, thus permitting -hot gasesJ to pass directly from the furnacetochamber 4 l v without lirst :being cooled by" contact with superheater sections G and 20. `This brings L about the desiredr'esult. I

' Should it bedesired, onthe other hafnd, to increase the 'superheatof the steam Howing' through ,2O 'by forcing 'the rein the furnace, and at the same time no'rise in the temperature of the steam from superheater 21 be desired, lthe damper 19 is leftv closed 4and damper 34 'opened thenecessary amount. This allows some of .the gases-to be b-y-passed around the superheater 2'1.

In the modification shown in Fig. 4' there aregonly tw-o chalnbers, designatedlvas 2a..

and 3a respectively. They differ in no material respect from chamber 2 and-3 of Fig. 1. Therejishere too a dampered opening. in the rear wall 416 of chamber 2, but this does `not leaddirectly'to chamber 3a butto a flue 45,' "communicating with the passage 17 which connects chambers 2a' and 3? at the top. ,The outlet 29a leads 'froml the lower part of chamber 3a directly to flue 31.3'

In chamber 2117is located the superheater section 5a', whoseunits 61 are connected to vheader-S7a and 8a. From 8a a portion ofthe Asteam is carried by pipe `26directly to the lll!) point 'of use, while the' remainder goes lby way of pipe 10a to A.the header-`24, throughv i superheater-section' 21a, to header-25?, and, by' wayof pipe 27a to the pointof use.

. The construction of the arches 36a and 36b and theirl 'abutmentsis similar to .that describediin detail above in connection with section 21a. The ends .Qn these elements 6 f leading out to the .headers 7 and 8 are arranged one infront of the other, as will be evidentfrom the figure. The distance between the hollow pant 3T of the befam (Fig. 3) and the angular seat 40 is ma'dea littlev greater so as to these pipes.

The'eifect of this different relative number of elements on the velocity oi the steam should be noted. In Fig. -lthe velocity of the steam in the elements 6 is; higher than in the elements of the sections and 21';

accommodate both while-in Fig. 4 the velocity in 21" and 5n Vis ofthe steam from 21a 5a, the vdamper is' opened the requisite 'ment of -F ig.- 4 is desirable,

approximately the same the greater volume iowing through 5a being taken care-of by a correspondingly greater-number of elements.

Under certain ycircumstances the arrange-- it can beused in the form of Fig.- l; but the form preferred by me is that of Fig. 1, and it is equally clear thatthis cany be used in Fig. 44. The reason for my preference is that greater protection'isall'orded for the tubes-bythe greater steam .ve'locityl In the operation of the form of F ig. 4,

should it be desired to raise thetemperature relatively to that from amount thusy admitting gases from the -furnace to the chamber 3" lby way of passage45.

. The principle employed in the forms of my device' thus far` described may .also be A'embodied in a form having the several sec- Here the threesections 46,47v and 48 Iare comprises the usual two headers designated 40 z ner in which theseA headers are .of the diagrammatic Fig. 6.. carried to header 7" by pipe 9", circulates` tions of the superheater located in one and the same chamber, .as illustrated in Fig. 5.

located one above the other. .Each of them in this oase by 7" and 8", 22" and `23", and 24" and 25", attached to which are their respective superheater elements. The maninterco`n inspection Steam is nected will be understood from an through the elementsV of superhea-ter section 46, and is delivered by them to 8". Part of it leaves by pipe 10", going to header-24", whence it passes lthrough the elements of section 48 by'wliich it is returned to. header Y 25"; the remainder leaves by pipe l1" and .reaches -header 22" which it leaves through the elements of section 47, being returned by themto header 23".

In'the lateral wallsof the housing are the. vertical passages 453-49, which are conpassages 50-50,

time leaving and manifestly .ture of the steam from tion of the they can completelyl close od, the iow of gases from this point upward" at the same passagesl-l open; or may close oli passages' 51'-51,`leaving 49-49 unobstructed; or, by being rotated into contact with the upper wall of 5l-6l, inay leave both- 49449 and 51-51 unobstructed.

The use of. the described may it is desired to r'aise the superheat of the steam delivered by header 2 5" relativelyto passages and dampers just that delivered by heater 23"; dampers 534-53 be stated as follows: When y are opened and dampers 54-54 are set to close passages 51--51 and leave 49-49 unobstructed. Part of the gases from the furnace are thus by-passed around sections 46 and 47. The steam delivered by section 46' will now be cooler than before, and thatV part of this cooler 'steam passing through section 47 will receive less than before, and so receive lesstotal superheat; 'but that part reaching section 48 will additional heat be exposed to considerably hotter gases and l h this will more 'than offset `itslbeing cooler than before, and the total superheat for this portion will be'raised. y

If ift -is desired to maintain the temperasection 47, the`re will have to be increased.

turning dampers 5 4-54 into the position shown in the figure, i. e., closing passages 49-49 above 51-51, will be to by-pass part o f the furnace gases around section 46. The steam from this section A'will therefore be cooler, but the gases leaving it, hotter. In section 47 the greater heatof the gases will rI he ele'ct of opening dampers v153--53 and more Lthan offset the 'lower temperature of vthe steam entering the section, andthe total superheat given to the steam going through the -section will be greater; while the gases leaving thesection 4will bereduced to approximately their normalv temperatureq The steam reaching section 48 will receive about i the normal amount of additional heatingand will therefore leave this sectionsornewhat below.its normal temperature.4 rllhe result,

then, of this damper setting is to raise the Y temperature ofsteam iirom section 47 and to lower [that from section 48.

It will be evident that in practice considerable variation -in my device may occurwithout departure. Afrom the underlying.

l. The combination of a superheater comprising two sections, means to cause a flow from the spirit of the subjoined of hot gases over the two sections consecu.

tively, and-means whereby the flow of a porinto contact with the second but not with" the first section. "2. The combinatio of a superheater compr'isng a plurality zt las gases may be changed so it comes,

sections, means to im 'l comprising 'a plurality of sections, of means be superheated divert a flows over one of the other through one of the sections, means a "portion of the steamthrough 'a second n I carry. hotugases over the sections consecu- .t1vely,

means to divert a portion of the gases so that less than the total hows over one of the sections,` additional meansto sections. L

The combination with va superhe'ater to send all of the steam to to send section, and meansto send anotherportion through'athirdsection through one l .portion of the steam through a second sec-Y- to send another portion through` i ya third. section,

Athrough one of Ythe sections,l

tion. f

6. A superheater housing havingl three.

4. The combination-with a superheater comprising a plurality ofise'ctions ot' means totsend all of the steamv to-loe superheated of rthe sections, means lto send a portion only of the steam through another gases. consecutively over all of the sections, and means to by-pass a portion of thegases around theirst section.

- 5. The combination with .supei'heaterv comprising a plurality of sections, of means.

to send alll ofthe steam to be superheated of thesections, means to sendi a tion, means means to carry hot gases over the sections consecutively, means to Vby-pass a portion of the gases around the first section, and other means to by-pass ,a portion of' the gases around the third secchamhers; the wall separating the `first portioniso that less than the totall means to convey heating` lthrough a third section,

'-emaining sections.

chamber from-the second having an openin at the upper end and a second, dampere opening below the first; the'wall separating the secondv chamber from the third having an 'openingv at the bottom; the third chamber communicatingat the top withl the lue and having adampered byfpass'connecting thebottom with the flue, Y

7. The combination with aV superheater comprisinfr a plurality of sections, of means to send all of thesteam through one of the sections, andlmeans to 4divide the remainder among the remaining sections so only a p orp tion of it iioyvs through each, the cross-sectional area per unit ofsteam flow of the rst section being lessthan the sum 'of those of the remaining sections.

8; .The-combination .with a sperheater V c'omprisinga plurality of sections, of means to send all of the steam to be superheated through one of the"sections, meal; ito'send a portion of the'steain through a second sec-- 9. The combination of asuperheater comprising two sections, means to send all of the steam' to 'be superheated throughV one o the sections,`means to senda portion of the steam through the second section, means'to carry vhot gases over the two sections consecutively, and means to by-pas`s a portion of the gases around the rst section.

BENJAMIN N. BRIDO.

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