US1459417A

US1459417A - Electron-discharge device

Info

Publication number: US1459417A
Application number: US128876A
Authority: US
Inventors: Schwerin Paul
Original assignee: Western Electric Co Inc
Current assignee: AT&T Corp
Priority date: 1916-11-01
Filing date: 1916-11-01
Publication date: 1923-06-19
Anticipated expiration: 1940-06-19
Also published as: FR519868A; US1432931A

Description

june 19, T1923.

P. SCHWERIN ELECTRON DISCHARGE DEVICE Filed Nov. l, 1916 I Patented June 19, 1923.

A UNITED STATES PATENT i. oFnCEj,

PAU'L SCHWERIN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR INCORPORATED, OF NEW'YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ELEcTnoN-Drscnnncn DEVICE.

Application mea November 1, 191s. seal No. 128,876.

To aZZ whom t may concern:

Be it known lthat I, PAUL ScHWEmN, a citizen of the United States, residinfr at New York, in the county of Bronx and tate of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electron-Discharge Devices, -of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description.

This invention relates to electron -dscharge devices and especially to vacuum tubes of the audion type, and has as an object a device of the above character which has a very large power capacity.

In electron discharge devices of the audion type, two or more elements are used, one of the elements being a cathode or a source of electrons.

action of a strong electrical ield, the electrons from the cathode travel towards the anode, 'and acquire a high. velocity. As a result of the electronic bombardment to which it is thus subjected, the anode becomes heated. This fact limits the power input, since-excessive heating of Lthe anode drives oil" the occluded gas, or may even melt the anode, destroying the device.

In this invention then, the purpose is to so construct and arrange the anode that it will be able to dissipate avery large quantity of heat. Such an arrangement will make vacuum tubes of this type largely independent of the heating factor, which heretofore has been a seriouslimitation to their eiiiciency. This result has been obtained by having a circulating medium in contact with one surface of the anode element to act as a cooling agent, and of the various agents which may be used, it has been found that water or oil Vis particularly suitable. This cooling of the anode, as herein described, has made possible a manifold increase in the amount of power which the audion tube can handle.

' Other objects and features of the invention will be ap rent by reference to the following speci cation and accompanying drawings, in which Figs. l and 3 are views 1n perspective, with certain parts lin section, of two forms that this invention may take; Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 1 at the line marked 2', 2. The same reference characters are used to designate like parts in the several fi es.

Referring to ig. 1, 1 shows a gas tight,

Another element is the, anode. or collector of electrons. Under the.

`The filament and the grid, however,

preferably evacuated, glass vessel contain-'I ing three electrodes, and an anode 4 as is audions. helical tube projecting through the exterior wall of the vessel. The interior of the anode tube is open to the atmosphere; and Aboth ends 5 and 6 of the helix' project through the glass vessel, thus affording an entrance and anexit for any medium circulating through said tube. As illustrated, both ends of the anode tube'may project out of the a filament 2, a grid 3,

lsame end ofthe evacuated vessel, but such an arrangement is not 'necessary as the tube can be arranged in any suitable manner. Thisarrangement ali'ords a means whereby a cooling medium may be hollow anode,

To'wEsm-:BN ELECTRIC COMPANY,

i inserted intherand 1f desired, may be caused Y usual in the so-called l The anode 4 is in the formbfa.A

to flow through the tube, thereby preventing excessive heating. of the anode from the electron bombardment of the cathode.

The tube designated as 4 with the ends 5 and 6 may have a uniform metallic wall from one end to the other, as is shown in the drawings.

However, the lower portion of the tube 4,

especially near its ends, plays little part in the electrode function of the tube, but merely serves as a passageway for the cooling liquid. Hence, it may be preferable to have this lower portion of the'A metallic tube of a diii'erentl materialsuch as glass, which serves to convey 'the cooling liquid to the heated portions of themetallic part.

The grid 3 is shown in the form of a metallic conductor, wound in the form of a helix within the helix of the anode tube. The lilament is shown `in the form of a plurality of wires connected in parallel and forming a cylindrical network inside the two helices. may be made( in anyV of the other various forms known in the art. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 1 taken at the point marked 2', g Y

grid are shown as being supported from glass columns 7 and 8 fastened to the base of the tube. The anode'tube, however, may

be made strong enough to be self-supporting'V on account of its own connections with the Wall of the evacuated vessel, and herein is shown to be supported lin such a marmer,

lthe anode tube bombarded by electrons from the filament 2. The filament and grid may be of any suitable type. and supported in any convenient manner. In this figure the anode is shown to be self-supporting, while the filament and grid are supported by the

glass columns

9 and 10 respectively.

It is apparent that the arrangement of the electrodes herein described and claimed results in a highly efiicient thermionic. device in which the tubular helical anode surrounding the other electrodes provides a screen of cooling fiuid between said electrodes and the walls of the vessel in which they are contained It is obvious that the tube, together with its parts` may be arranged in various other forms than those described without departing from the spirit of the invention.

That is claimed is:

1. An electron discharge device comprising a gas-tight vessel containing a filament. an anode, and an auxiliary electrode, said anode being composed of a metallic conduit. said conduit being in the forni of a helix in the interior of said vessel, and having its ends projecting outside the vessel so that a cooling liquid may be. caused to flow therethrough.

2. An electron discharge device comprising a gas-tight vessel containing an anode, said anode consisting of a helical metallic tube having open. ends projecting through the walls of the vessel and a'ording a passage for a cooling fluid for said anode;

. 3. An electron discharge device comprising a gas-tight vessel containin a filament, an anode, and a grid, said ano e consisting of a helical metallic tube having open ends projecting through .the walls of the vessel, thereby affording an entrance and an exit for a cooling liquid for said anode, said grid being locatedl between the filament and the anode, and consisting of a metallic Wire vin the form of a helix.

4. An electron discharge device comprising a gas-tight vessel containing a Ytubular anode disposed longitudinally therein and having a greater effective length than the length of said vessel.

5. An electron discharge device comprising a gas-tight vessel containing an anode, a cathode and an-auxiliary electrode, said anode being tubular in form and of a greater e'ective length than the length of said vessel.

recaer? 6. An electron discharge device comprising a gas-tight vessel containing a tubular anode having a greater effective length than the length of said vessel, the interior of said anode being substantially at atmospheric pressure.

7. An electron discharge device comprising a gastight vessel and a tubular anode having a greater effective length than the length of said vessel, said anode having open ends projecting through the walls of said vessel. thereby affording a passage for cooling fluid for said anode 8. An electron discharge device comprising a gas-tight vessel containing a helical conduit and a plurality of electrodes surrounded thereby.

9. In an electron discharge device, a gastight vessel containing` an electrode comprising a conduit and another electrode surrounded by said conduit electrode.

10. n electron discharge device comprising a gas-tight vessel containing an anode. means for supplying a cooling fluid to one side of said anode, and a cathode and an auxiliary electrode within said anode.

11. An electron discharge device comprising a gas-tight vessel containing a helical grid, a filament disposed symmetrically about the axisiof said grid and within said grid` and a hollow helical electr'ode disposed around the grid and the filament.

12. An electron discharge device comprising a gas-tight vessel containing a helical grid, a filament disposed s mlnetrically about the axis of said grid an Within said grid, and a tubular helical electrode disposed around the grid and thc filament.

13. An electron discharge device comprising a gas-tight vessel containing a helical grid, a filament disposed symmetrically about the axis of' said grid and within said grid, and a. helical tubular anode disp'osed around the grid and the filament, the ends of said anode projecting outside the vessel so that a coolin liquid may be caused to flow therethroug 14:. An electron discharge device comprising a gas-tight vessel, means for providing a screen of cooling liquid within said Vessel, and electrodes Within said screen.

15. An electron discharge device comprising a gas-tight vessel, electrodes Within said vessel, and a screen of cooling fluid between said electrodes and the Walls of said vessel.

16. An electron discharge device comprising a gas-.tight vessel, electrodes Within said vessel, and a helical screen of cooling fluid between said electrodes and the walls of said vessel.

17. An electron discharge device comprising a gas-tight vessel, a grld, a filament, and an anode Within said vessel, said anode being in the form of a helix surrounding the filament and the grid, and being hollow to provide passage for a flow of cooling fluid between the iilament and the grid and the walls of the vessel.

18. An electron discharge device comprising a gas-tight vessel containing a hollow electrode the interior of which is adapted to receive a cooling Huid, an auxiliary electrode associated therewith and supporting connections between said electrodes and one end of said vessel.

19. An electron discharge device comprising a gas-tight vessel containing a grid, cathode and anode, said anode being hollow and adapted to receive a cooling fluid, and supporting connections between said electrodes and3 one end of said vessel.

20. An electron discharge device comprising a containing vessel having a stem integral therewith, a cathode, an anode supported solely from said stem, said anode being provided with a passage extending therethrough for the circulation of a cooling medium.

21. An electron discharge device comprising a plurality of electrodes, one of which is a conduit having an inlet and an outlet for the flow of cooling medium therethrough, one of said electrodes surrounding another of said electrodes.

22. An electron discharge device comprising a plurality of electrodes, one of which is a conduit having an inlet and an loutlet for a flow of cooling fluid therethrough said conduit electrode surroundingone of said other electrodes. y

28. An electron discharge device comprising a cathode and an anode, the latter being a conduit having an inlet and an outlet for a How of cooling fluid therethrough, said anode surrounding said cathode.

24. In au electron discharge device, a gastight vessel containing a filament, an anode and a grid, said anode surroundin said filament and grid and having an in et and an outlet for a cooling fluid, said grid bein located between the filament and the ano e.

25. A thermionic device comprising a cathode and a hollow anode, said anode being in the form of a helix.

26. An electron discharge device comprising a cathode and a hollow anode, said anode being in the form of a helix and surrounding said cathode.

27. An electron discharge device comprising a cathode, a hollow anode and a grid, said anode being in the form 'of a helix surrounding said grid and cathode.

28. An electron discharge device comprising a cathode in the form of a plurality of sections connected in parallel, and a h'ollow helical electrode surrounding said cathode.

29. An electron discharge device comprisl ing a cathode in the form of a plurality of sections connected in arallel, and a hollow helical anode surrounding said cathode.

30. An electron discharge device comprising a cathode in the form of a plurality of sections connected in parallel, a hollow helical anode surrounding said cathode, and a helical grid between said anode and said cathode.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 30th day of October, A. D. 1916.

PAUL SCHWERIN.