US1457212A - Governor for steam turbines - Google Patents

Description

. May 29,1923.

' 1,457,212 c. w. .DAKE

GOVERNOR FOR STEAM TURBINBS 7 Filed Aug. 9, 1920 2 Sheets-sheaf l Fig.1.

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CHARLES W. DAKE, or CHICAGO. ILLINOIS, Asslcnoa ro'rnn PYLE-NA 'IoNALcoM- ranv, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A oon-roaA'rIon or JERSEY.

GOVERNOR son s'rnan Terminus.

Application filed August 9, 1920. Serial No. 402,251. 7

10 steam turbines, and has for its object amongst other things, to reduce the windage of the rotating governor parts to reduce the diameter of the rotating parts, to remove the governor weights from the steam chamber and thoroughly oil them, to bring the point where the governor weights can communicate motion to the valve controlling elements as near as possible to the axis of the shaft so as to reduce the centrifugal force exercised by the rotation of these parts to a minimum, thus diminishing the unsatisfactory effect of irregularities or imperfections in the bearings and giving the greatest possible freedom of motion to thelongitudinally moving rod; to reduce the friction on the rod to a minimum, to provide effective lubricating means for the several parts, to keep the oil from the steam chamber, and to bring about various other advantageous results hereinafter set forth.

The invention is illustrated in my particular form as applied to a governor for a steam turbine of relatively small dimensions, though of course, it will be understood that the several parts can be greatly altered without departing from the spirit of my invention. I am not showing in detail or describing the valve and the connections from the governor parts to the valve as they form no part of the present invention.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing whereinFig. 1 is a longitudinal section;

Figure 2 is a cross section on the line 2-2 of Fig.1;

Fig. 3 is a detail of the means for communicating motion from the governor to the valve, with one lever arm shown in exaggerated length.

throughoutthe figures. V

A is a casing containing an oiling cham- Like parts are illustrated by likeletters her A an airy chamber A and a rotor-chamber A B is a valve and its parts. B is an oil distributor. As these several parts form no part ofthe present invention they will not be further described, and any convenient device of the kind in question could be substituted for either of them. the body of the shaft whichhas a hollow portion C extending through the chambers A and A and'in to. the chamber A hollow portion of the shaft is slotted at D, D, with two long narrow slots through which slots extend thethin arms D D" of the governor weights, the outer arms of which D D are thick and heavy. Each Cis.

This

governor weight has a wide projecting fulcrum portion D resting on a ledge in a ring E which 'is mounted on and rotates with the shaft. These governor weights so 'constituted have outer heavywveighted portions and inner relatively light parts to engage the governor rod. The governor rod F is mounted within the hollow shaft and in cross section is much smaller than the diameter of said hollow portion. The rod carries at one end a relatively short and enlarged portion F which engagesv and'slides along the inner walls of the hollow portion and furnishes a bearing for'the inner ends of the governor weights which thus engage the rod very close to its axis. At the other end. of

the rod and surrounding it and within the hollow ofthe shaft are two threaded parts.

The outer part G is locked against longitudinal motion within the shaft by the pins G G and the inner portion G is locked against rotary motion within the shaft by the key G The two are threaded together at G*. The part G carries the outer squared end G whereby the part Gr may be rotated in either direction so as to cause the part G to travel longitudinally and thus vary the length of the chamber J within the hollow shaft, and. thus vary the tension of the spring J which lies within such chamber. On the outer end of the rod is the enlarged end K attached thereto in any desired manner. j

The rotor L is made inany desired way and is preferably mounted on the ring or hub'L which is keyed at L to the hollow portion of the shaft and is held in longitudinal position by the engagement of the end of the inner apertured portion L of the hub, with a shoulder or ring L on the shaft by engagement with the other side of the hub and the screw threaded ring L on the outer end of the hollow portion of the shaft. The chamber portion of the hub is in opposition to but not in engagement with the chamber ring L secured to the side of the steam or rotor chamber. Since this hub portion is tapered and has a diameter increasing toward the rotor chamber, and since it is not in contact with, though it should be close to the inner surface of the ring L its rotation tends to cause the moisture to move toward instead of away from the steam chamber.

D D are pins which pass through suitable openings in the ring E and are let into notches D in the enlarged portion of the governor weight so as to keep the governor weight from displacement on the ring E.

The means for communicating motion from the governor to the valve stem may be briefly referred to as follows: The valve has a stem N which projecting into the path engages the end N of the arm N which is pivoted at end 3 and there attached to the arm N which is provided with a plate N which engages the enlargement K on the governor rod. The motion of this latter rod rocks the two part lever and causes the valve stem to be moved. Within the end N of the arm N is a hard ened steel plug N against which the end of the rod N bears.

The use and operation of my invention are as follows:

Assuming the parts to have been made and assembled substantially as shown in Fig. 1 when the shaft is in rotation the governor weights will rock on their fulcrums D" D and bear against the central portion of the rod end F and thus tend to move the rod toward the left in opposition to the spring J and thus tend to move the device which in turn communicates motion to the valve stem. The governor weights are in a chamber entirely apart from the steam chamber in which the turbine rotor moves. They are in an oiling chamber and might indeed be in an oil bath. They are mounted in a ringlike portion which surrounds and is associated with the shaft and lies in the aperture in the side of the casing so that with the shaft such ring and the governor weights can be moved longitudinally through such aperture out of and away from the oil chamber. Mounted in this manner the windage of the governor parts is reduced to a minimum. By making the inner arms of the governor weights thin and wide all the strength necessary can be gotten without making a dangerously wide slot in the rotary part of the shaft andby having the outer portion of the governor weight relatively thick and heavy a long bearing can be obtained at the fulcrum point. By thus projecting the inner ends of the weights through slots in the rotary part of the shaft their hearing ends can be brought to engage the enlargement on r the governor rod very close to its axis of rotation.

By placing the governor rod within the hollow portion of the shaft and therefore on the axis of the shaft, its several parts are brought as nearly as possible to the center or a:;is of the shaft. Its two enlarged ends do extend somewhat away from the axis but the body of the rod may be relatively small. The spring chamber, and therefore the tenon of the ring is easily adjusted in the ructure shown by rotating one portion of l interthreaded parts causing the other to travel longitiu'lin ly in either direction.

There is a con.:,.derable distance between the oil chamber and the steam chamber and the tendency of the oil to pass from one ch: .Xl'. to the other is reduced to a minimum. There will be oil enough between the rotating); and moving parts to reduce friction to a in i in actual practice no oil escapes into the steam chamber.

1 have spoken of the governor weights as being mounted in the oil chamber, and by this 7 wish it understood that l meanv to r to such action between the governor hts and the oil chamber as that the former will be oiled from the latter, and not necessarily to mean that the weights are actually mounted in the oil chamber. Some of the objects and purposes of my invention can be accomplished by structures widely different from what is here shown and by dispensing with various features here illus trated.

Generally speaking I have here exhibited means whereby the governor weights will be mounted in a separate governor chamber, and the steam turbine in a separate steam chamber, the two chambers not being connected, so as to permit oil or steam to pass from one to the other. Another general idea which I have attempted to express is that all of the rotating parts of the governor are assembled as closely as possible about the axis of rotation for a. variety of reasons hereinbefore sugr "ted and others which will occur to any stalled mechanic. I have spoken of a single weight and illustrated two, but of course there may be any number of weights.

I claim 1. In a governor for a steam turbine comprising in part valve and a valve stem, the combination of hollow shaft portion with a governor rod centrally mounted and movable therein. a governor weight at one end of the rod, means for connecting the valve stem with the rod at the other end of the rod, an oil chamber to which the governor weight 1s exposed, a steam chamber in which the said valve connections are located,

' and an air chamber disposed between the lit said steam chamber and the oil'chamber.

2. In a governor fora steam turbine comprising in part a valve and a valvestem, the combination of a hollow shaft portion with a governor rod centrally mounted and movable therein, a governor weight at one end of the rod, and means for connecting the valve stem with the rod at the other end of the rod. and an oil chamber to which the governor weight is exposed, and a separate steam chamber in which said connections are disposed. I

3. A steam turbine device comprising an oil chamber, and a steam chamber separated from each other, a steam rotor mounted in the steam chamber, a governor weight mounted in the oil chamber and a rod concentric with the rotor extending from one chamber to the other, said governor weight adapted to act on one end of the rod and the other end of the rod adapted to control the supply of steam to the rotor.

4. A steam turbine device comprising an oil chamber, and a steam chamber separated from-each other, a steam rotor mounted in the steam chamber, a governor weight mounted in the oil chamber and a rod concentric with the rotor extending from one chamber to the other, said governor weight adapted to act on one end of the rod and the other end of the rod adapted to control the supply of steam to the rotor, and a hollow shaft portion which surrounds the rod. 1

5. A steam turbine device comprising an oil chamber, and a steam chamber separated from each other, a steam rotor mounted in the steam chamber, a governor" weight mounted in the oil chamber and a rod concentric with the rotor extending from one chamber to the other said governor weight adapted to act on one end of the rod and the other end of the rod adapted to control the supply of steam to the rotor and a tension spring about the rod.

6. A steam turbine device comprising an oil chamber, and a steam chamber separated from each other, a steam rotor mounted in the steam chamber. a governor weight mounted in the oil chamber and a rod concentric with the rotor extending from one chamber to the other, said governor weight adapted to act on one end of the rod and the other end of the. rod adapted to control the supply of steam to the rotor, and a hollow shaft portion which surrounds the rod, and a tension spring about the rod.

7. A steam turbine device comprising an oil chamber, and a steam chamber separated from each other, a steam rotor mounted in the steam chamber, a governor weight mounted in the oil chamber and a rod concentric with the rotor extending from one chamber to the other, said governor weight adapted to act on one end of the rod and chamber to the other, said governor weight adapted to act on one end of the rod ,and the other end of the rod adapted to control the supply of steam to the rotor, a hollow shaft portion which surrounds the rod, at tensionspring about the rod, and means for varying the tension of the spring. I i I 9. In a governor for fluid turbines, a turv biue shaft having a solid portion and ahollow portion, slots said hollow portion, a collar mounted on the shaft adjacent the slots, a governor plunger slidably mounted in the hollow portion, governor weights mounted on said collar, the ends thereof being adapted to penetrate the slots and to contact the end of the plunger, the end of the plunger being adapted to project; beyond the end of the shaft, a valve. operating mecha nism and a connection between thev outer projecting end of the plunger and said mechanism.

10. In a governor for fluid turbines, a turbine shaft having a solid portion and a hollow portion,slots in said hollow portion, a collar mounted on the shaft adjacent the slots, a governor plunger slidably mounted in. the hollow portion, governor weights mounted on said collar, the ends thereof being adapted to penetrate the slots and to contactthe end of the plunger, the end of the: plunger being adapted to project beyond the end of the shaft, a valve operating mechaprojecting end of the plunger and said mech- 11. In a governor for fluid turbines, a

.nism and'a'connection between the outer anism, comprising a bell lever pivoted adturbine shaft having a solid Portion and a hollow portion, slots in said hollow'portion.

a collar mounted on the shaft adjacent the slots. a governor plunger slidably mounted in the hollow portion, governor weights mounted on said collar, the ends thereof being adapted to penetrate the slots and to contact the end of the plunger, the end of the plunger being adapted to project beyond the end of the shaft, a valve operating mech anism and a connection between the outer projecting end of the plunger and said mechanism, and yielding means adapted normally to hold the plunger in withdrawn position within the shaft and against the ends of the governor weights.

12. In a governor for fluid turbines, a turbine shaft having a solid portion and a hollow portion, slots in said hollow portion, a collar mounted on the shaft adjacent the slots, a governor plunger slidably mountted in the hollow portion, governor weights mounted on said collar, the ends thereoi be ing adapted to penetrate the slots and to contact the end of the plunger, the end of the plunger being adapted to projectbeyond the end of the shaft, a valve operating mechanism and a connection between the outer projecting end of the plunger and said mechanism. and yielding means adapted normally to hold the plunger in withdrawn posi tion within the shaft and again-st the ends of the governor weights, and means for adjusting the tension of said yielding means' 13. In a governor for fluid turbines, a turbine shaft having a solid portion and a hollow portion, slots in the hollow portion, a collar mounted on the shaft adjacent the slots. a governor plunger slidably mounted in the hollow portion, governor weights mounted on said collar the ends thereof be ingadapted to penetrate the slots and contact the end of the plunger, said plunger being provided with enlarged ends, one on the outside and the other on the inside of the hollow shaft portion, a valve operating mechanism, the enlarged end inside the hollow shaft portion adapted to contact the ends of the governor weights and the enlarged end outside the hollow portion being adapted to engage the valve operating mechanism.

14-. In a governor for fluid turbines, a turbine shaft having a solid portion and a hollow portion slots in said hollow portion, a collar mounted on the shaft adjacent the slots, a governor plunger slidably mounted in the hollow portion, governor weights mounted on said collar, the ends thereof being adapted to penetrate the slots and to contact the end of the plunger, the end of the plunger being adapted to project beyond the end of the shaft, a valve operating mechanism and a connection between the outer projecting end of the plunger and said mechanism, and yielding means adapted normally to hold the plunger in withdrawn position within the shaft and against the ends of the governor weights, comprising an enlareed plunger head adjacent said governor weights and an abutment mounted within the hollow portion of the shaf the plunger bei slidable therethrough and a spiral spring adapted to be compressed between said abutment and said enlarged plunger head.

Signed at Chicago, county of Cook and Fitate of: Illinois, this 29th day of July, 1920. I

CHARLES W. DAKE.

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