US1456597A - Method of forging - Google Patents

Description

1,4565%)? w. HUGHES METHOD OF FORGING May 29, 11923.

Filed Feb. 7. 1921 Hmt l/VVE/l/TOR Maw/5&5

wp M TTOR/VEYS iflntented Marie, @230 I lpf fip MINE-TEE STATES FAT-EMT @FFHQEQ WILLIAEK HUGHES, F PHILADQlTP EZAi, IPENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE HESS- BMGH'E MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CQBPORflTION OF DELAWARE.

mn'rnon or rename. Application filed February 7, 1921. semino. eeaoas.

To all whom it may concern: of bodies having a substantially cylindrical Be it known that ll, WILLIAM HUGHES, a contour, as for instance, in making rings citizen of the United States, residing at which will be substantially rectangular in Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelcross section when completed, it is a comphia and State of Pennsylvania, have inmen practice to permit the flash to extend vented certain new and useful Improvelaterally of the body, and in such a position ments in Methods of Forging, of which the that its outer perimeter coincides substanfollowing is a specification, reference being tially with the cylindrical perimeter of the had therein to the accompanying drawing. piece. When so located the flash can only This invention. relates primarily to the satisfactorily be removed by chucking the removal of the flash from forgings, and has piece and applying suitable cutting tools. for an object to provide an improved meth- In following ths practice each piece while 0d whereby the flash is so located that it carrying this flash, which is generally sharp ma. b readily remov d, and ragged at the edges, has to be handled eretofore in the production of forgings by quite a number of operatives. It has such as those which are made by upsettlng, been proposed to project the flash atsubthe end of a bar into a suitable cavity of a stantially right angles to the perimeter of die by means of a punch, it has been found the forging at the end, andpermit this to that the necessarily present surplus metal project outwardly radially thereof and to which is extruded into a flash, locates itpress the freshly forged piece through a W self in such a position that its removal be-' stripper plate. This was found objectioncomes a burdensome operation, adding ma-- able because if the stripper plate engages terially to the cost of rough finishing the the flash from the bodyside of the forgforging. The flash, as heretofore formed ing it merely bends it into the position ocupon these forgings, aside from the disadcupied by the previously described flashes vantage arising from delay and expense of without effecting its removal. The impracremoval, has been found a source of annoyticability, if not impossibility, of applying ance in that it renders the piecemore bulky the stripper plate to the body of the forgto handle, presents a ragged edge which is ing at the face which carried the flash prea menace to the hands of the person having eludes any attempt in this regard, since, as W to handle it, and also is annoying in propis obvious, the most delicate adjustment erly placing and locating the forging in the would be required to center the stripper mach ne which is to operate uponit, in that plate with the forging it is diflicult for the operator, by aid'of his According to my invention the flash of eye alone, to judge the center of the piece. surplus metal is formed upon the substan- The presence of the flash makesnof this centlally cylindrical perimeter of the forging 'tering operation one of guess work, because and inwardly of both ends thereof so that --it precludes the use of measuring instruthe forging may be passed through the merits, or fixed stops. stripper .plate. and shear the flash from the According. to my invention the surplus forging as this is located well inwardly of W metal is caused to locate the flash. in such the edge toward which theshear or striposition, and of'such formation that it may per plate is moving, the tendency of the e expeditiously removed from the forging flash to lie down is. not present. and if it while in a hot condition, and before this were the edge of the stripper plate effects chine.

. the flash triangular in cross section with the It has been found practically impossible apex adjacent the body of the forging,

forging is ejected from the forging maa clean shearing. I also purpose making to shear a flash from a forging when this thereby expediting the shearing operation.

flash is located at the edge or corner of the Upon upsetting the end of a bar, in forg g body of the forging. In the manufacture ing it is found that the upset head on the W bar is of less diameter at the-inner or forferred formation in that the narrow root of the flash, thereby e ectin a clean shear.

en rings are forged according-to my invention, the hole for the bore of the ring is punched through the upset head, and the bar-and h the upset head is carried backwardly-against a plate through which-the punch enters after passing through theupset head, thereby severing the ring from the bar. This punching action is accompan ed by a tendency of the forward or outer side or end of the u set head to circumferentially' contract. The ocation of the flash, and the diameter of the shear edge of the stripper plate are so proportioned in relation to this contracted area that the shearing action is facilitated and the forging immediately thereafter caused to clear the sheared ofl flash and the shear edge so that the fore going in its further advance, after the shear: ing is effected, is free of the shear.

The accompanying drawings illustrate a form of forging apparatus and the manner of carryin out, by aid thereof, my improved met od. In which drawings- Figure 1 is a view partly in elevation, and partly in longitudinal section showing one-half or side of two dies, and also a punch or ram cooperating with one of such dies, or the cavity therem in upsetting the end of a bar, the action illustrated herein being at the end of the upsetting operation. F1 2 represents the dies ofFigure .1, but showing the product of the operation of such figure located in the other of the die cavities, and at the-commencement of the operation of the punch or ram cooperative with this portion of the die, and

Fi 3 represents the completion of the punc ing operation, the commencement of which is shown in Fig. 2.

The product of the form of mechanism illustrated herein for carrying out my invention is annular bodies formed from bar. stock. In the drawings a bar is re resented at 5, and a finished forgingin the s ape of a ring at 6. The forging operations herein described are carried out at a single heat, that is, the bar is heated once for the formation of each ring. Two pairs of separable dies located one above the other are pref erably em loyed in carrying out my invention, one 1e of each pair being shown in the drawings, the cleavage between the matrix meats? dies being represented ts at the plane of the surface of the sheet hearing the drawings.

The lowermost die 7 is the one which first receives the bar 5, and holds the same durin the-upsetting of the head 8,'the mass 0 which head subsequentl forms the ring 6. The portion 9 ofthe the cavity is of suitable shape and dimensions that when the bar is placed between the separated dies these will, upon closing, securely grip it and hold it against the action of the upsetting punch. In the illustration the die cavity has an enlarged outer portiom 10 adapted to receive the body ortion '11 of the punch.

Inwardly of this en arged portion 10 is the cavity 12 in which the head to form the forging is upset. This portion of the die cavity is shown as tapering inwardly or toward the bar for the. purpose previously mentioned. The die cavity from the inner edge of the cavity-12 to the bar holding por -tion 9 is shown as tapering at 14: for accommodating the swelling of the bar during the operations to which it is subjected. The punch is shown mounted in a suitable head 13 adapted to be carried by'aram movin toward and from the dies. The forwar end of the unch has a face 15 conforming to the desire shape of the outer side or end of the forging which is met. In the present instance this face is substantially perpendicular to the axis of. the bar, and to that of the ring which is' being formed. This face 15 is shown located at the bottom of an annular recess the side walls of which give form to the front ed e of the forging and commence the formation of the bore cavity which is completed in the succeeding o r-. ation. (See8 and Fig. 1). -Surroun ing the outer wall of the annular cavity in the punch is a face 16 sloping backwardly from a corner formed with the wall of such cavit This face 16 makes an acute an le with the face17 of the die cavity 10. he center portion of the punch is rovided with a conical or, pointed leading en 18 which assists in upsetting and Spreadi outwardly the metal for forming. the hea 8, and also modifies to-some extent the work performed in the bore punching operation presently to be described.

The parts are so proportioned relative] to the size of the bar stock that there is a slight amount of excess metal available for forming the head 8,-which metal is extruded in a flash represented at 19 within the space between the faces 16 and 17 of the punch and die cavity. It will be seen that this flash and surplus metal is formed upon the substantially cylindrical perimeter of the forging, and inwardly of, both ends thereof, and that it is substantially triangular in cross section with the apex adjacent the body of the forging.

After the parts have reduced the material backwardly through acted upon to about the formation illustrated in Figure 1, the punch is withdrawn, the dies are separated, and the but elevated between the dies 20 whereupon the dies are closed and the portion 21 embraces the bar 5, but preferably without exerting the restraining influence found necessary in connection with the lower pair of dies, this portion being more in the nature of a (guide or center. he cavity of the upper ie 20 is shown as having a portion 22 of somewhat larger diameter than that of the forging; lRearwardly of this portion 22 is a punc plate 23 havin a substantially square corner 24: at its orward side the opening in such-punch plate being substantially the same contour as the outer end of the completed'portion 25 of the bar where this joins the finished flat face 26 at the rear side or end of the head 8. At the front of the die,

or rather the portion having the cavity 22,

is shown a shear plate 27 the front edge of which is of somewhat smaller area than the die cavity 22 and of suitable size to permit the passage of the rearward portion of the upset head and to engage the perimeter of such head immediately behind the flash 19.

A punch 28 is properly located in position for engaging the head 8 when located in the dies 20 and forcing such head and the bar he shear 27, and through the punch plate 23. Preferably the end of the punch 28 conforms to the contour of'the bore partially formed by the punch 11. The punch 28 is guided to its work by means of a suitable guide plate 29 secured at the front of the die.

Upon the forward movement of the punch 28 it passes through the guide plate and engages the work somewhat in the manner illustrated in Fig. 2 and pushes the bar and the head 8 backwardly causing the shear to completely remove the flash 19. 'The further advance of the punch 28 brings the rear face 26 of the head 8 against the punch plate the opening of which is 'ofsuch dimensions as to have a close working fit with the punch. The punch then advances through the plate thereby severing the forge-product, the ring 6, from the bar and forcing the bar backwardly. The action of the punch has a tendency to circumferentially contract the end of the ring which it first engages. To compensate for this action the perimeter of the head is made of slightly lar r diameter at such and than at the other en and by suitably proportioning the dimensions of the parts it is found that the complete forgin is of the desired formation wherein both ends are of substantially the same diameter. I

-After the operation just described the punch is withdrawn, the dies are opened, the

bar is withdrawn and the finished ring and the severed flash drop out. In the numeration of these three actions it is not intended to indicate that they necessarily occur in sequence as doubtless there will be a considerable concurrence when the operation is being carried on rapidly.

It is, of course, to be understood that the disclosure herein is illustrative of my 111- 1 circumferential flash located inwardly of the ends of such bod then moving such body, while still heate as aforesaid smaller end first, through a shear plate and engaging such body adjacent the base of the flash and shearing the same from such body.

2. The method of forging rings which consists in upsetting the suitably heatedend of a steel bar into slightly conical formation and squeezing the surplus metal into acircumferential flash located inwardly of the ends of such body, then applying a punch to said body and moving the same backwardly against a punch plate and during such movement, and while the body is still heated as aforesaid, engaging the body adjacent the base of the flash and shearing the same from such body, then stopping the rearward movement of the body incident to the movement of the punch, and forcing the thev punch through the upset head from larger end thereof thereby forminga hole through the bod and reducing the diameter of the larger en and enlarging the diameter of the smaller end.

3. The method of'forging rings at a single heat which consists in upsetting the suitably heated end of a steel bar into slightly conical formation and squeezing the surplus metal into a circumferential flash located inwardly of the ends of such body, then passing such body, smaller end first, through a shear late having an ning approximately t e size of the portion of the body by which the flash is carried and causing such shear plate to remove the flash, and then reducing the cross-sectional area of the .larger end.

4:. The method of forging rings at single heat which consists in upsetting the end of a steel bar into slightly conical formation, and squeezing the surp us metal into a circumferential flash located inwardly of the.

size of the portion of the dy by which h a shear. vmg an opening appgoximately the fl p masher.

the flash is carried and causing such shear from the larger end thereof thereb forming plate to remove the flash, then continuing a. hole ,throu h the body and re ucing the the movement of the body into engagement diameter oft e larger end and enlarging the with the punch plate thereby stopping thediameter of the smaller end. 1 5 rearward movement of the body incldent I In testimony whereof, I have aflixed my to the movement of the punch, and then signature hereto.

forcing the punch through theupset head WILLIAM HUGHES.

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