US1454967A - Screw propeller and similar appliance - Google Patents

Screw propeller and similar appliance Download PDF

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Publication number
US1454967A
US1454967A US389195A US38919520A US1454967A US 1454967 A US1454967 A US 1454967A US 389195 A US389195 A US 389195A US 38919520 A US38919520 A US 38919520A US 1454967 A US1454967 A US 1454967A
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United States
Prior art keywords
shroud
propeller
blades
flow
screw propeller
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US389195A
Inventor
Gill James Herbert Wainwright
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GILL PROPELLER Co Ltd
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GILL PROPELLER Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to GB18228/19A priority Critical patent/GB142713A/en
Application filed by GILL PROPELLER Co Ltd filed Critical GILL PROPELLER Co Ltd
Priority to US389195A priority patent/US1454967A/en
Priority to FR517272A priority patent/FR517272A/en
Priority to DE1920344976D priority patent/DE344976C/en
Priority to DK28897D priority patent/DK28897C/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1454967A publication Critical patent/US1454967A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
    • B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
    • B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
    • B63H1/14—Propellers
    • B63H1/16—Propellers having a shrouding ring attached to blades

Definitions

  • This invention relates to screw propellers 10 and similar appliances of the axial flow type such as are employed to impart energy to fluid streams or to develop propulsive reaction.
  • the blades of the propeller are disposed within and carry 'on them a curved shroud whose inner surface has a contour'which is substantially that of a nozzle designed to give regular progressive increase in velocity or head to the fluid in which the propeller rotates.
  • the pitch of the blades increases in the direction of flow through the shroud the pitch hav ing a definite relationship to the shape of the shroud to conform to the acceleration of the fluid stream passing through the shroud.
  • the blades are carried on a suitably shaped hub which may conveniently be cylindrical though in some cases shaped otherwise and the shroud is formed integral with or is attached to the endsof the blades so that these are positioned within the shroud preferably otherwise than at the centre of the length of the latter and nearer to the larger end.
  • The, axial length of the shroud is such that is less than the diameter of the propeller and greater than the axially projected width of the blades while the contour of the inner surface of the shroud is, as mentioned, substanatially that of a nozzle of. particular design.
  • the object of the invention is to reduce interference with the natural contraction of the fluid stream under the increasing velocity impressed thereon and also to minimize discontinuity of flow and its contingent effects. These objects are attained by controlling velocities and pressures in the fluid stream during its forced acceleration,
  • the design of the nozzle-shaped'shroud should be such as to assist in the formation of vortex action resembling that of a free spiral vortex and thus tominimize dissipation of energy in the fluid which is directly acted upon by thepropeller.
  • a fluid such as water
  • the area of the stream which is acted upon by the propeller contracts under the increasing velocity and this natural contraction is assisted and controlled by the vortex shaped shrouding ring.
  • the present invention has various advantages when compared with other known types of propeller more particularly when the invention is applied to ship propulsion.
  • the improved construction reduces the erosive effect consequent on cavitation.
  • nozzle shrouding ring strengthens the propeller and permits of higher speeds of revolution While minimizing vibration. Eddy losses and radial flow are reduced as also is the out ofpitch? effect which occurs with ordinary propellers when mounted on inclined shafts. Further the effect of threshing which occurs when a vessel pitches is lessened and the shrouding ring also obviates fouling of the propeller by ropes or nets.
  • blades A is mounted a nozzle-shaped shroud C which is either formed integral with the blades or separate and attached thereto in some suitable manner.
  • the blades A preferably have a gaining pitch so as 'to conform with the acceleration of the water passing through the shroud C.
  • the length of the shroud C may vary in v accordance with requirements and the conditions under which the propeller is to be used. In the construction shown the length of the nozzle measured in the axial direction is about three-quarters of the smaller diameter of thepropeller.
  • the smaller and outlet end .6 has a diameter which is about .8 of the small diameter of the propeller.
  • the blades A are not positioned at the centre of the shroud C but to one side of this centre and somewhat towards the larger end C of the shroud.
  • the hub B may be split and handed to allow for uniform contraction of the shroud-C where the latter is made in- I tegral with the blades.
  • the leading edge C atthe inlet end of the shroud may be enlarged with an outside bulb while the after edge C is fined off from the inside, butif the propeller is likely to encounter ice or other obstructions through which it is desirable to cut the edge C may be serrated.
  • the contour of the shroud C approximates to that of a portion of a free spiral vortex and this conforms to the path which is naturally followed by the water acted on by the propeller blades.
  • the pitch of the blades increases in the direction of flow through the shroud to conform-to the acceleration of-ithe Water passing through the shroud and bears a definite relationship to the shape of the shroud.
  • a screw propeller the combination of i a hub, blades radiating from the hub, and a shroud mounted on the ends of the blades, the inner surface of the shroud having ap proximately the contour of a nozzle designed to give regular vprogressive increase in velocity or head to the fluid stream on which the propeller operates, the length of the shroud in the axial direction being less than the diameter of the propeller but greater than the axially projected width of the propeller blades, the blades having axial increase of pitch in the direction of flow through the shroud to conform with the acceleration of the water passing through the shroud. 3.
  • a screw propeller In a screw propeller the combination of a hub, blades radiating from the hub, and a shroud mounted on the ends of the blades, the inner surface of the shroud having approximately the contour of a nozzle designed to give regular progressive increase in velocity or head to the fluid stream on which the propeller operates, and the blades being positioned intermediate theends of the shroud but otherwise'than at the center of its length, the blades having axial increase of pitch in the direction of flow through the shroud to conform with the acceleration of the water passing through the shroud.
  • a screw propeller the combination of a hub, blades radiating from the hub, and a shroud mounted on the ends of the blades, said shroud havinga length which measured in the axial direction is less than the diameter of the propeller but is greater than the axially projected width of the blades, thethe shroud being curved to an approximately conical form and being outwardly flared toward one end, the blades being positioned within the shroud intermediate the ends of 5 the latter but otherwise than at the center of its length and said blades having axial increase of pitch in the direction of flow through the shroud to conform with the acceleration of the water passing through the shroud.

Description

May 15, 1923.
1,454,967 J. H. w; GILL SCREW PROPELLER AND SIMILAR APPLIANCE Filed 'June 15 1920 v UNITED SATEd rarest orrrcs.
JAMES HERBERT WAINWRIGHT GILL, F NORFOLK, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR T0 GILL PROPELLER COMPANY LIMITED, 0]? KINGS LYNN, ENGLAND, A COMPANY OF GREAT BRITAIN.
s'cnnw PROPELLEB AND SIMILAR APPLIANCE.
Application filed June 15 1920. Serial No. 389,195.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, JAMES HERBERT WAINWRIGHT GILL, a subject of the King of England, and residing at Norfolk, in England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Screw Propellers and Similar Appliances, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to screw propellers 10 and similar appliances of the axial flow type such as are employed to impart energy to fluid streams or to develop propulsive reaction.
According to this invention the blades of the propeller are disposed within and carry 'on them a curved shroud whose inner surface has a contour'which is substantially that of a nozzle designed to give regular progressive increase in velocity or head to the fluid in which the propeller rotates. The pitch of the blades increases in the direction of flow through the shroud the pitch hav ing a definite relationship to the shape of the shroud to conform to the acceleration of the fluid stream passing through the shroud. The blades are carried on a suitably shaped hub which may conveniently be cylindrical though in some cases shaped otherwise and the shroud is formed integral with or is attached to the endsof the blades so that these are positioned within the shroud preferably otherwise than at the centre of the length of the latter and nearer to the larger end. The, axial length of the shroud is such that is less than the diameter of the propeller and greater than the axially projected width of the blades while the contour of the inner surface of the shroud is, as mentioned, substanatially that of a nozzle of. particular design. The object of the invention is to reduce interference with the natural contraction of the fluid stream under the increasing velocity impressed thereon and also to minimize discontinuity of flow and its contingent effects. These objects are attained by controlling velocities and pressures in the fluid stream during its forced acceleration,
The design of the nozzle-shaped'shroud should be such as to assist in the formation of vortex action resembling that of a free spiral vortex and thus tominimize dissipation of energy in the fluid which is directly acted upon by thepropeller. Inthe case of a fluid such as water the area of the stream which is acted upon by the propeller contracts under the increasing velocity and this natural contraction is assisted and controlled by the vortex shaped shrouding ring. True cavitation depends on the stream velocity at which the fluid acted upon will follow up the propeller blades, and whilethere is a limit to this velocity, incipient cavitation, which is largely due to radial flow and local eddies, and tends to occur at velocities of flow below the above mentioned limit, can be practically eliminated by means of a shrouding ring shaped as described.
The present invention has various advantages when compared with other known types of propeller more particularly when the invention is applied to ship propulsion. By promoting steady flow and preventing cavities from collapsing in contact with the blades and boss of the'propelle'r the improved construction reduces the erosive effect consequent on cavitation.
The employment of the nozzle shrouding ring strengthens the propeller and permits of higher speeds of revolution While minimizing vibration. Eddy losses and radial flow are reduced as also is the out ofpitch? effect which occurs with ordinary propellers when mounted on inclined shafts. Further the effect of threshing which occurs when a vessel pitches is lessened and the shrouding ring also obviates fouling of the propeller by ropes or nets. When employed for going astern a propeller provided with the improved shroud'acts as an ordinarypropeller but as if it was of less diameter and thus it affords an advantage as compared with a turbine propeller fitted with guide vanes. 1
The accompanying drawings illustrate by way'of example one construction of prothe, blades A is mounted a nozzle-shaped shroud C which is either formed integral with the blades or separate and attached thereto in some suitable manner. The blades A preferably have a gaining pitch so as 'to conform with the acceleration of the water passing through the shroud C. i The length of the shroud C may vary in v accordance with requirements and the conditions under which the propeller is to be used. In the construction shown the length of the nozzle measured in the axial direction is about three-quarters of the smaller diameter of thepropeller. The smaller and outlet end .6 has a diameter which is about .8 of the small diameter of the propeller. It will be noted that the blades A are not positioned at the centre of the shroud C but to one side of this centre and somewhat towards the larger end C of the shroud.
In some cases the hub B may be split and handed to allow for uniform contraction of the shroud-C where the latter is made in- I tegral with the blades.
The leading edge C atthe inlet end of the shroud may be enlarged with an outside bulb while the after edge C is fined off from the inside, butif the propeller is likely to encounter ice or other obstructions through which it is desirable to cut the edge C may be serrated.
The contour of the shroud C approximates to that of a portion of a free spiral vortex and this conforms to the path which is naturally followed by the water acted on by the propeller blades. The pitch of the blades increases in the direction of flow through the shroud to conform-to the acceleration of-ithe Water passing through the shroud and bears a definite relationship to the shape of the shroud. When a propeller thus formed and shrouded is operating against; a dead pull, as in towing, the radial effect and eddy losses are reduced and the propeller operates efficiently as an axial flow pump. The propeller will act .efliciently when going astern but it then functions as an ordinary propeller of less diameter.
What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a screw propeller the combination of a hub, blades radiating from the hub, and a shroud mounted on the ends of the blades, the inner surface of the shroud having approximately the contour of a nozzle designed to give regular progressive increasein velocity or head to the fluid stream on which the propeller operates, and the blades having axial increase of pitch in the direction of flow through the shroud to conform with the acceleration of the water passing through the shroud.
2. In a screw propeller the combination of i a hub, blades radiating from the hub, and a shroud mounted on the ends of the blades, the inner surface of the shroud having ap proximately the contour of a nozzle designed to give regular vprogressive increase in velocity or head to the fluid stream on which the propeller operates, the length of the shroud in the axial direction being less than the diameter of the propeller but greater than the axially projected width of the propeller blades, the blades having axial increase of pitch in the direction of flow through the shroud to conform with the acceleration of the water passing through the shroud. 3. In a screw propeller the combination of a hub, blades radiating from the hub, and a shroud mounted on the ends of the blades, the inner surface of the shroud having approximately the contour of a nozzle designed to give regular progressive increase in velocity or head to the fluid stream on which the propeller operates, and the blades being positioned intermediate theends of the shroud but otherwise'than at the center of its length, the blades having axial increase of pitch in the direction of flow through the shroud to conform with the acceleration of the water passing through the shroud.
i. In a screw propeller the combination of a hub, blades radiating from the hub, and a shroud mounted on the ends of the blades, said shroud havinga length which measured in the axial direction is less than the diameter of the propeller but is greater than the axially projected width of the blades, thethe shroud being curved to an approximately conical form and being outwardly flared toward one end, the blades being positioned within the shroud intermediate the ends of 5 the latter but otherwise than at the center of its length and said blades having axial increase of pitch in the direction of flow through the shroud to conform with the acceleration of the water passing through the shroud. 10 In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.
JAMES HERBERT WAINWRIGHT GILL.
US389195A 1919-07-22 1920-06-15 Screw propeller and similar appliance Expired - Lifetime US1454967A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB18228/19A GB142713A (en) 1919-07-22 1919-07-22 Improvements in and relating to screw propellers and similar appliances
US389195A US1454967A (en) 1919-07-22 1920-06-15 Screw propeller and similar appliance
FR517272A FR517272A (en) 1919-07-22 1920-06-16 Improvements to propeller thrusters and the like
DE1920344976D DE344976C (en) 1919-07-22 1920-06-23 Screw propeller with jacket
DK28897D DK28897C (en) 1919-07-22 1920-06-25 Screw propellers and the like.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB18228/19A GB142713A (en) 1919-07-22 1919-07-22 Improvements in and relating to screw propellers and similar appliances
US389195A US1454967A (en) 1919-07-22 1920-06-15 Screw propeller and similar appliance

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US1454967A true US1454967A (en) 1923-05-15

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US389195A Expired - Lifetime US1454967A (en) 1919-07-22 1920-06-15 Screw propeller and similar appliance

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US (1) US1454967A (en)
DE (1) DE344976C (en)
DK (1) DK28897C (en)
FR (1) FR517272A (en)
GB (1) GB142713A (en)

Cited By (42)

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US2595504A (en) * 1943-05-28 1952-05-06 Harold T Avery Means for producing thrust
US4930986A (en) * 1984-07-10 1990-06-05 The Carborundum Company Apparatus for immersing solids into fluids and moving fluids in a linear direction
US5620153A (en) * 1995-03-20 1997-04-15 Ginsberg; Harold M. Light aircraft with inflatable parachute wing propelled by a ducted propeller
US5944496A (en) * 1996-12-03 1999-08-31 Cooper; Paul V. Molten metal pump with a flexible coupling and cement-free metal-transfer conduit connection
US5951243A (en) * 1997-07-03 1999-09-14 Cooper; Paul V. Rotor bearing system for molten metal pumps
US6027685A (en) * 1997-10-15 2000-02-22 Cooper; Paul V. Flow-directing device for molten metal pump
US6303074B1 (en) 1999-05-14 2001-10-16 Paul V. Cooper Mixed flow rotor for molten metal pumping device
US6398525B1 (en) 1998-08-11 2002-06-04 Paul V. Cooper Monolithic rotor and rigid coupling
US6689310B1 (en) 2000-05-12 2004-02-10 Paul V. Cooper Molten metal degassing device and impellers therefor
US6723276B1 (en) 2000-08-28 2004-04-20 Paul V. Cooper Scrap melter and impeller
US7402276B2 (en) 2003-07-14 2008-07-22 Cooper Paul V Pump with rotating inlet
US20080211147A1 (en) * 2002-07-12 2008-09-04 Cooper Paul V System for releasing gas into molten metal
US7470392B2 (en) 2003-07-14 2008-12-30 Cooper Paul V Molten metal pump components
US7507367B2 (en) 2002-07-12 2009-03-24 Cooper Paul V Protective coatings for molten metal devices
US7731891B2 (en) 2002-07-12 2010-06-08 Cooper Paul V Couplings for molten metal devices
US7906068B2 (en) 2003-07-14 2011-03-15 Cooper Paul V Support post system for molten metal pump
US8337746B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2012-12-25 Cooper Paul V Transferring molten metal from one structure to another
US8361379B2 (en) 2002-07-12 2013-01-29 Cooper Paul V Gas transfer foot
US8366993B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2013-02-05 Cooper Paul V System and method for degassing molten metal
US8444911B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2013-05-21 Paul V. Cooper Shaft and post tensioning device
US8449814B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2013-05-28 Paul V. Cooper Systems and methods for melting scrap metal
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US9011761B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2015-04-21 Paul V. Cooper Ladle with transfer conduit
US9108244B2 (en) 2009-09-09 2015-08-18 Paul V. Cooper Immersion heater for molten metal
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DE1093691B (en) * 1957-08-05 1960-11-24 Eta Corp G M B H Completely or partially encased like a Duesen or arranged in a tunnel propellant, in particular ship propeller, conveyor screw or the like.
DE1203635B (en) * 1962-01-12 1965-10-21 Rudolf Arnold Erren Reaction drive for watercraft
EP0219364A1 (en) * 1985-08-13 1987-04-22 COMPANIA AUXILIAR DE NAVEGACION S.A. (AUXINAVE) Société dite: Ship propellers
DE102010022070A1 (en) 2010-05-18 2011-11-24 Johann Christian Hofmann Drive unit for watercraft, has driving element comprising drive blades that include convex outer surface edge and concave inner surface edge in cross-section, where drive blades are helically arranged at radial distance around shaft

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US2595504A (en) * 1943-05-28 1952-05-06 Harold T Avery Means for producing thrust
US4930986A (en) * 1984-07-10 1990-06-05 The Carborundum Company Apparatus for immersing solids into fluids and moving fluids in a linear direction
US5620153A (en) * 1995-03-20 1997-04-15 Ginsberg; Harold M. Light aircraft with inflatable parachute wing propelled by a ducted propeller
US5944496A (en) * 1996-12-03 1999-08-31 Cooper; Paul V. Molten metal pump with a flexible coupling and cement-free metal-transfer conduit connection
US6345964B1 (en) 1996-12-03 2002-02-12 Paul V. Cooper Molten metal pump with metal-transfer conduit molten metal pump
US5951243A (en) * 1997-07-03 1999-09-14 Cooper; Paul V. Rotor bearing system for molten metal pumps
US6027685A (en) * 1997-10-15 2000-02-22 Cooper; Paul V. Flow-directing device for molten metal pump
US6398525B1 (en) 1998-08-11 2002-06-04 Paul V. Cooper Monolithic rotor and rigid coupling
US6303074B1 (en) 1999-05-14 2001-10-16 Paul V. Cooper Mixed flow rotor for molten metal pumping device
US6689310B1 (en) 2000-05-12 2004-02-10 Paul V. Cooper Molten metal degassing device and impellers therefor
US6723276B1 (en) 2000-08-28 2004-04-20 Paul V. Cooper Scrap melter and impeller
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DK28897C (en) 1921-12-05
FR517272A (en) 1921-05-03
GB142713A (en) 1920-05-13
DE344976C (en) 1921-12-03

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