US1450838A - Steam generator - Google Patents

Description

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Filed July 20, 1920 5 sheets-sheet 5A /rw 14 fi L/ h 12] 24 13 Fig. 5

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UNETED STATES PATENT STEAll/I GENERATOR.

Application led July 20, 1920,

To all whom t may concern Be it known that l, Gnonons ALBERT Brissac, a citizen ott the Republic ot' France, residing at 1i' rue de Home, Paris, Seine, France, hare invented new and useful Improvements in Steam Generators, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to a steamboiler for high pressures and great evaporative capacity and it is characterized by the special combination ot the various elements of the boiler and by a special arrangement of vthe tubes within which the water is evaporated.

The invention is shown diagrammatically and by way oi' example in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through one of the water-tubes of the boiler.

Figure 2 is a section along line 2-2, Fig. 1 to a larger scale.

Figure 3 is a section along line 3 8, Fig. 1 to a larger scale.

Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the boiler as a whole.

Figure 'o is a cross-section thereof and Figure 6 is a cross-section of the nest of tubes.

Each water-tube (Figs. 1, 2 and 3), known as auto-circulatory, consists of an evaporating tube proper or external evaporating tube 1 and of a concentric or feed tube 2 of smaller diameter, which is open at both ends and can consequently be easily examined and withdrawn through the hand-holes 3 in the upper headers 11 and lower headers 15 to be described below.

The feed-tube 2 is centered at the top by means of a spider formed by cutting tongues 4 in the metal of the tube, these tongues being then bent outwardly and being prolonged beyond the exterior diameter of the tube 1. The lower edge of these tongues is notched, near the end and the notches engage andl seat upon the upper edge ot the tube 1 so as to seat and centre the tube 2. Centering of the lower portion of the tube is effected by means of a spider 5 forced into the lower portion of the water-tube 1 and flush with its extremity. This spider can be extracted by means of a suitable tool passed Serial No. 397,692.

through the hand-hole 3 of the lower header. Tongues G are cut in the spider 5 and are bent round inwardly so as to effect centering o the tube 2.

rlhis arrangement of water-tube constitutes one of the characteristics of the invention, and it is obvious that it could be applied to any existing water-tube boiler. It has many advantages over either water-tubes with closed bottoms in which sediment accumulates, or over water-tubes which are open at both ends and without internal tubes, in which the circulation of the water and steam are not separated.

A general description of the boiler will now be made, the course of the water being followed as far as possible from its entry into the boiler to its exit in the form of steam.

Two feed-water headers 7, 71 are placed longitudinally of the boiler and at the topq thereof. These headers consist of steel boxes' having the form of parallelepipeds of square -v section. Battles 8, 81 are arranged in these headersand access can be; had to them through the hand-holes. These baffles effect the preliminary settling of any mud or impurities which may be introduced by the feed-water. A blow-ofi" cock 9, 91 for each header enables this mud and the like to be got rid of. In order to permit of this preliminary settling, the feed takes place at 10a at the bottom of the feed-headers 7, 71 at points remote from the communication tubes 10, 101 to be described below.

Transversely to the feed headers 7 71 and between them is arranged a series of steel chambers of rectangular cross-section which form the upper collectors of water and steam 11, 111, 112 11, the median horizontal plane of which constitutes the plane of the water in the boiler. These collectors have the characteristic that they are the only ones in the whole boiler which are of rectangular cross-section, they are given this form in order that they may have a suicient steamspace.

The upper collectors for water and steam 11,111,112 11n are in communication on 2 10" on the other side, and on the other hand with the longitudinal collectors 13, 131, which receive the steam and will be described below, by a double series of communicating tube 12, 121, 122 12 on one side and 12, 121, 12"2 12' on the other side.

All of these communicating tubes are well covered with heat-insulating material and can 'easily be dismounted for the purpose of examining and, if necessary, repairing the boiler.

The lower walls of t-he collectors 11, being in direct contact with the gases of combustion form heating surfaces. lt results from the small extent of the peripheral surface of these collectors and also from the fact that the removable heat-insulated panels 111 isolate them from the outer air, that the temperature of their upper walls remains above that of the steam which they contain. The small quantity of water due to priming which may have been entrained by the passage of steam through the liquid Y is therefore evaporated on contact with these walls and the Asteam which passes thence to the distributing headers, to the super-heater and to the engine is practically dry.

The upper collectors 1l, 111, 112 11 for steam and water are connected to the lower corresponding sediment collectors 15,

culatory tubes is inclined from front to rear downwardly for the purpose, on the one hand, of facilitating the normal action of the current of gases on the tubes and, on the other hand, of` enabling the grate of the boiler to be fitted as far as possible in the horizontal projection of the nest of tubes, .so `as to reduce the space occupied by the whole.

Each series of auto-circulatory tubes is set in staggered relation to its neighbour, .as

shown in Figure 6. lt should be remarked that the upper collectors 11 and lower ones 15 are perfectly rectilinear and that all the tubes 1 are expanded into the collectors.

This rectilinear arrangement of the col- ,lectors constitutes one of the characteristics of the invention; in that it enables the tubes to be staggered without necessitating the use of vertical collectors, or collect-ors inclined towards the vertical.

It should further be pointed out that the lower collectors are at a slight distance apart one from the other, which prevents the accumulation of soot and facilitates cleaning, which is a great advantage in view of the fact that soot causes condensation and pitting ofthe outside of the tubes,

which are drawbacks to be avoided.

Owing to the special arrangement of the nular section of the auto-circulatory tubes Ais generated uniformly on the entire surface of the plane of water of these collectors.

The lower collectors 15, 151 15 are arranged parallel to the upper collectors 11, 111 11 and owing to ythe fact that they are arranged just at the mouths of the feed tubes 2 and at the exact spot where the water begins to be transformed into steam and precipitates the salts of lime contained therein, they form so many sediment collectors of perfect efiiciency;` their large total volume permits of collecting with certainty all sediment and thereby protects the boiler against scale, which is so much to be feared, and which no other device hitherto designed has been able to do with the same eiiiciency.

Beneath the lower collectors of sediment 15, 151 15 are arranged two drainage collect-ors 16, 161 communicating with each of the collectors 15, 151 extremities; each of these drainage collectors 16, 161 is provided with a blow-off cock 17,171 which permits of discharging the salts and sediment precipitated. I

The steam generated in the upper collectors 11, 111 11 is conducted by a double series of communication tubes 12, 121, 122 12 on one side and 12, 121, 122 12' on the other side into steam-collectors 13, 131 arranged one on each side of the boiler above the feed-headers 7, 71. These steam collectors communicate with the feed headers 7, 71 by means of tubular connections generally known as nipples 23, 231 which are expanded. into the headers at two points very close together so as to do away with the effects which might' result from al slight difference in dilatation between the two collectors. This communication is for the purpose of establishing equality of pressure between these two portions of the boiler and, furthermore, to permitof the return to the feed-headers of the water, due to priming, which might have been deposited upon .the inner walls of the steam collectors, in spite of the drying effect spoken of above.

The steam collectors 13, 131 which are in communication with the upper collectors of water and of steam 11, 111, 112 11 by way of tubes 12 12'n and 12 12' are carefully covered with heat-insulating material, as are also the feed- water headers 7, 7 with which they are arranged in pairs,

The lateral steam collectors 13, 13 cornmunicate by the intermediary of the nip ples 2e, 24 with the extremities of a main collector of saturated steam 18 which is also heat-insulated and carries the safetywalves, pressure gauges and the lfianges for connecting the pipes taking the steam to the superheater 19. The dilatation of this main collector, transmitted by the nipples 24, 24

collectors 11, the steam formed in the anto the lateral collectors '13, 13 is absorbed 15 at the two' by the communicating tubes 12 12n and l2 12m.

The circulation of the gases through the nest of tubes is effected, as in the case of most mult-itubular boilers, by the help of interposed bathe-plates 20, 21, 22. The whole boiler is mounted on the furnace enclosed in suitable masonry.

This arrangement of'boler presents numerous advantages, it contains no rivets, no caulked joints nor stays and it consists entirely of parts of small section, and therefore of great resistance, which communicate with each other by tubes fixed in place by expansion.

Danger of explosions is diminished and they are of less serious a character than is the case with boilers having cylindrical bodies of large diameter, or having headers involving large fiat-surfaces in one piece, in view of the high pressures it is intended to use.

Each of the essential functions is ensured by means of a double set of parts, thereby giving the boiler great reliability.

The mud is separated preliminary at. the entrance of the water to the boiler proper, the water being settled in feed-water headers which are heat-insulated and isolated from the products of combustion.

The scale-producing salts are precipitated at the points where they form, that is to say at the base of the vaporizing tubes and the sediment is received in a plurality of collectors which can be easily discharged and examined.

lThe arrangement of the auto-circulatory tubes, each consisting of a water-tube and a feed tube creates a very active circulation which enables very high evaporation to be obtained.

The evaporating surface is extremely divided up and the steam is generated uniformly over this entire evaporating surface or water-surface.

The steam is dried automatically by being projected against the walls of the upper collectors, which walls are very close together and are raised by conductivity to a temperature higher than that of the steam produced.

The steam is quickly separated from the liquid producing it, as it passes immediately into collectors which are not in contact with the feed-water and whose crosssection decreases, thereby accelerating the speed of the passage of the steam in proportion as it travels away from the source of its production.

rThe tubes are perfectly staggered with relation to the circulation of the gases, this result being obtained without corrugated collectors nor headers nor cylindrical bodies of large diameter arranged one behind the other.

The invention has been described in detail purely by Way of explanation but in no way limitatively and it is obvious that the details might be modified without departing from the spirit thereof, which is to be understood in its broadest sense.

I claim:

1. A steam-boiler comprising upper longitudinal feed water headers, upper and transverse collectors of water and steam, communicating means between said headers and collectors, sediment collectors arranged at the bottom of the boiler, vaporizing tubes connecting said water and steam collectors to said sediment collectors and comprising each an outer tube for the ascending mixture of steam and water and an inner tube for the descending water, upper longitudinal steam collectors connected to said steam and water collectors, and a main steam collector connected to said upper longitudinal steam collectors.

2. A steam-boiler comprising upper longitudinal feed water headers, upper and transverse collectors of water and steam, communicating means between said headers and collectors, sediment collectors arranged in spaced relation at the bottom of the boiler, vaporizing tubes connectinV said water and steam collectors to said sediment collectors, and comprising each an outer tube for the ascending mixture of steam'and water and an inner tube for the descending water, upper longitudinal steam collectors connected to said steam and water collectors, and a main steam collector to said upper longitudinal steam collectors.

3. A steam-boiler comprising upper longitudinal feed water headers, baiiies arranged at the water-inlet to said headers, upper and transverse collectors of water and steam, communicating means between said headers and collectors, sediment collectors arran ed at the bottom of the boiler, vaporizing tu es connecting said water and steam collectors to said sediment collectors and comprising each an outer tube for the ascending mixture of steam and water and an inner tube for the descending water, upper longitudinal steam collectors connected to said transverse steam and water collectors and a main steam collector connected to said upper longitudinal steam collectors.

4. A steam boiler comprising upper longitudinal feed water headers, upper and transverse steam and water collectors, upper and longitudinal steam and water collectors, sediment collectors arranged at the bottom of the boiler and removable communication tubes connecting said feed-water headers to said steam and water collectors.

5. A steam boiler comprising upper longitudinal feed water headers, upper and transverse collectors of steam and water of rectangular cross, section, communicating means between said headers and collectors,

Sediment collectors arranged at the bottom of the boiler` and spaced apart, and double vaporizing tubes between the sediment collectors and the steam and water collectors.

6. A steamboiler comprising upper longitudinal feed water-headers, upper and transverse collectors of steam and water of rectangular cross-section, said collectors being'heated by metallic conductivity, communicating means between said headers and collectors, sediment collectors arranged at the bottom of the boiler and spaced apart and double vaporizing tubes between the sediment collectors and the water and steam collectors.

7. A steam boiler comprising upper longitudinal 'feed .water headers, upper and transversecollectors, upper and longitudinal collectors, communicating means between the headers and collectors, sediment collectors arranged at the bottom of the boiler, double vaporizing tubes between the sediment collectors and the water and steam collectors, drainage collectors connecting the extremities of said sediment collectors and blow-off cocks litted on said drainage collectors.

8. A steam-boiler comprising upper feedwater headers, upper and transverse steam and water collectors, upper and longitudinal steam and water-collectors, sediment collectors arranged at the bottom of the boilers, double vaporizing tubes between said headers and steam and water collectors respectively, said sediment collectors being spaced apart for the purpose set forth.

9. A steam-boiler comprising upper leedwater headers, upper and transverse steam and water collectors, upper` and longitudinal steam and water collectors, sediment collectors arranged at the bottom of the boiler, and double vaporizing tubes inclined downwardly from front to rear between said sedi- 'ment collectors and said steam and water ll. A steam-boiler comprising upper feed? water headers, upper transverse and longitudinal steam and watercollectors, connectmg means between said feed-water headers and the collectors, sediment collectors arranged at the bottom of the boiler' and double vaporizing tubes inclined downwardly from front to rear connecting said sediment collectors to the upper steam and water collectors.

l2. A steam boiler, comprising upper ieedwater headers, upper transverse and longiA tudinal steam and water collectors, connecting means between said feedavater headers and said collectors, sediment collectors ar-` ranged at the bottom of the boiler and double vaporizing tubes, arranged in staggered relation, and inclined downwardly from front to rear connecting said sediment collectors to the upper steam and watercole.l

lectors.

GEORGES ALBERT BUSSC. lVitnesses:

A. V. DAvinz, JACQUES MAUNY.

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