US1445889A - Compressor - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 20, 1923. v 1,445,889

J. G. HUNTER COMPRESSOR Filed July 6, 1920 s sheets-sheet 1 Feb. 20, 1923. 1,445,889

J. G. HUNTER COMPRESSOR Filed July G, 1.920 .3 sheetS-shet 2 v Feb. 20, 1923. 1,445,889

J. G. HUNTER CQMPREssoR Y Filed July 6, 3920 l 3 Sheess,hee-"" 5 ff" W llmmiiiem nu I Q l 57M amarsi v llmm I r-f 2a i I! ||Il /l/l HIIIIII f iy a gul 1 .lullig 7' www 7 Patented Feb. 20, 192.3.

UNITED STATES JAY e. HUNTER, or sAnULA, IOWA.

COMPRESSOR.

Application'led July 6, 1920. Serial No. 394,243.

To all whom 'it may concern.'

Be it known that I, J AY G. HUNTER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Sabula, in the county of Jackson and State of Iowa, have invented certain new and useful Iniprovements in Compressors, of which the following is a description.

My invention belongs to that general class of devices known as compressors and relates particularly to a. compressor especially adapted for use invconnection with refrigerating systems. The invention has among its objects the production of a device of the kind described that is simple, convenient, efiicient, durable, compact, accessible and satisfactory for use wherever found applicable. 'Ihe invention has among its further objects the product-ion of a compressor that will not easily get out of order or repair, but which may be adjusted or inspected without? disassenibling the entire machine, the same being so accessible that almost any part mayv be readily examined. Many other objects and advantages of the construction herein set forth will be obvious to those skilled iii the art from the disclosure herein made.

To this end my invention consists in the novel construction, arrangement andl combination of parts herein shown and described and more particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, wherein like reference characters indicate like or corresponding Parts,

Fig. 1 is a. sectional view' through the compressor taken substantially on line 1-1 of Fig. 2; l

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view similar to a portion of Fig. 1; i

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken substantially on line 4 4 of Fig. 3; and

Fig. 5 is asectional view taken on line of Fig. 3.

Referring `to the drawings,- I have illustrated a twin-c-vi'linder, single-acting, vertical, enclosed type of compressor, it being understood that the same may be of suitable size and material and that one or more cylinders may be employed. As shown, 1 represents the crank case provided with a. suitable base 2. cylinders 3, 3 and the cylinder heads 4 4. A description of one cylinder and associated parts will be sufficient for both, as they are similar. The, crank case l.

'tight joint.

is provided with an extending part or flange 5 for each cylinder, the saine being preferably tlanged as at 6to form a support for the cylinder. The cylinder 3 is outwardlyy iangedy as at 7 to correspond with lia-nge 6 on the crank case, the two parts beingr preferably secured'together by means of bolts 8 or their equivalents for the purpose. One of the fianges, as shown, flange 6, is provided with a` groove 9, while the other, as shown, flange 7, is provided with a tongue 10 arranged to seat in the groove and form a The tongue and groove, also serve to accurately center the cylinder on the crank case and afford a more rigid construction. The cylinder head 4 is secured in place on the upper'end of the cylinder 3 by bolts 11 or their equivalents, a groove 12a-nd tongue 13 being provided on the parts so that a tight joint is secured at this point. It may be mentioned that the upper part of the cylinder is preferably formed with cooling fins 15, the bolts l'lextending throughl and engaging the fins, or Where preferred,the tins may be connected at the bolts to provide a boss for each bolt and afordingmore rigid construction. As shown, the cylinder is also provided with a jacket or'outer Wall 16 for a portion of its length spaced-from the inner Wall of the cylinder to provide a. water jacket space 17. Y

The cylinder is provided with an intake port or in let 19 which connects with an intake pipe 20. The same is also provided with anioutlet or discharge port 21 which is enlarged as at 22 and preferably extends around the cylinder the cylinder being provided at some suitable point for attachment of the discharge pipe 23 which communicates with space 22. It will be noted that with this style of dischargev port the discharge of the gas may take place I from all sides`so that the dischargemay be rapid and there is no slamming of the valve, but a quick discharge at all times. I have shown an opening opposite the discharge pipe 23, Which may be closed by a plug 24. In connectingv up the device pipe 20 extends from and connects with the refrigerating system, as for-example, the accumulator, while pipe 23 extends to and is connected with the condenser or the equivalent. i

The crank case 1 is provided with cover or end plates 26 and 27. Asshowm plate 26 is formed with a bearing 28 for the end ,of

lio

shaft 29, it being understoodv that bushings may be employed, if desired, the plate and bearing being strengthened or stiflened by the ribs 30. The plate 26 is secured in place on the crank casing by means of bolts 31 or their equivalents, and I prefer to arrange the cooperating groove and tongue construction 32- -33 between the crank case and the end plate so as to alprrd a gas and oil tight fit.

The same also centers the plate and shaft bearing. If desired, an opening may be ar-l ranged at the end of the bearings, but 1 normally close this by aplug'34, or its equivalent. The bearing may also be provided with an oil hole 35. The plate 27 at the opposite end of the crank case is formed with a bearing part 37 which may be bra'ced or strengthened by the ribs 38 and 39 at the inner and outer sides of the plate. In this case the shaft extends through the plate and bearing, however, and I arrange 'a stuiiing box so that packing 40 may -be arranged around the shaft and aford a tight fit1 The acking is maintained in place by the adjustable member or gland 41 which may be extended as at 42 to engage with the outer end of the bearing 37, as shown. The plate in this case is secured tothe crank case similar to the plate 26 by means of the bolts 31,

the tongue -and groove construction being' also employed. In this case I also provide an oil opening 35 so that this'bearing is properly lubricated. In addition to the assembled end plates 26 and 27, I provide a cover plate or plates 43 on one or both sides of the crank case, these being secured in place by bolts or the equivalents. As most clearly shown in Fig. 2, a pulley or driving wheel 44, which may also serve as a flywheel, is arranged on the shaft 29 at the end which projects to the exterior 'of the crank case through the bearing onl plate 27. The-pulley and iiywheel 44 may be driven from any source of power, such as a gas, oil, heat or steam engine, electric motor or their equivalents.

Arranged on the shaft 29 is a member 46, there being one for each cylinder. as shown. the same being similar. Member 46 is secured on the shaft by means ofthe set screw 47 and key 48, and the same is provided with an eccentric or extending portion 49 (see Figs. 1 and 2). The part 49 takes the place of a crank pin on the vshaft and aords a considerable bearing area. 'Ihis construction permits a straight shaft to be used, and affords a long stroke without sacrificing strength, or increasing the sizes of the parts l terasse vided with a wrist or piston pin bearing portion 53 arranged to cooperate with the part 54 andembrace the piston` or wrist pin 56, bolts 55 locking the parts together. Shims and bearing metal may, of"course, be employed in accordance with recognized engifreezing. s most clearly shown in\Figs. 1

and 3, I provide the rings 58 adjacent the lower end of the piston and the rings`\59 adjacent the top, there being any desired num-l ber of rings. The piston is provided with one or more, preferabl a plurality of op nings 61, through the wa l thereof, the piston eing cut away or of reduced external diameter,

however, between the rings so as to provide a space 62 communicating with the openings 61 and the chamber 53 at the interior of the piston. A. plate 64 or its equivalent preferably carried by the flanges 65 on the piston, however, substantially closesv or separates the chamber 63 from the crank case. The upper end of the piston is provided with an opening 67, the passage of gas through the opening, however. being normally controlled by a suction valve. 69. The valve 69 is provided with a portion-68, the valve being of greater diameter. The part 69 is ada ted to cooperate with the valve seat 71 on t e piston. It will be noted that the piston'is pref'- erably countersunkl as at 72 and the valve portion 69 may be grooved 'at 73 to provide a cushion effect. The movement of the valve 68 is limited by pins 75 carried by the part 68 and arranged to engage the piston. As shown, two pins are employed, between which is arranged a spring 76. The piston, as most clearly shown in Figs. 4 and 5,- is provided with opening at each side of part 68, a portion of the piston end being cut away or notched at 77 toform the openings. 0n the inner side, the piston is provided with the recesses 78 on opposite sides between the openings 77. When the member 68 is seated and the pins in operation, as lshown in Fig. 3. they normally engage the limer part of the piston in the recesses 78. In seating the part. the part 68 is pushed 4down into place with the pins 75 in the openings 77 and after the same is seated, the part 68 is given a quarter of a 'turn in either direction so that the pins are brought into `the recesses 78. The cam shapedjfaces on turned, and these same faces tend to prevent Arranged in the upper part of the cylin-l der is a discharge valve 82 of the desired sizeand shape. As shown, the valve 82 is formed with a valve face 84 arranged tocooperate with the seat 83 at the discharge port 21. If desired, an opening 91 may be providedin the head 4, and the same connected with a pressure gauge.- v

Plate 64 is preferably provided with a depending part or oil drip 86 and bearing part 54 with an oil opening 87, the purpose of the same being more fully explained hereafter. I have shown a sprocket wheel 89 carried by the parts 46, the sprocket wheel carrying a lubricating carrier in the form of a chain 90. -If desired, the crank case may be stiened by a rib 88 on the interior, as shown, or if preferred, on the exterior. I have shown the bottom of the crank case provided with a groove, the same constituting a grit and dirt trap or well. Ars shown, piping extends to and from and connecting the water jackets in the two cylinders. One of the pipes, for example 23, may be the feed pipe, 94, the connecting pipeand 95 the discharge pipe connecting so that water or the like may be circulated through Athe spaces 17, keeping the cylinders cool at that point.

The operation of the device may be briefly ldescribed as follows, assuming that pipe 20 `is connected with the accumulator or its equivalent, pipe 23 with thecondenser in the refrigcrating system, and assuming also that shaft 29 is driven from any suitable source of power andthe crank case is provided with the desired amount of oil or lubricant, As the shaft is driven, the two pistons are reciprocated. Referring toFig. 1, it will be noted that the piston is at the bottom of its travel and the valve 69 is open. The gas in the chamber 63,l space 62, and from the pipe 20 may enter and pass through the opening 77 to above the piston, this taking place while the piston is traveling downward to the position shown. As the piston travels upward, the gas above the valve 69 is compressed in the cylinder, and lifting the valve 82, passes through the circumferential discharge port 21 and out through pipe 23 to the condenser,4 forcing the same thereinto under pressure. As soon as the piston starts to return to the position shown in llig., 1, valve 82 immediately seats,

preventing the gas from entering the cylinder the condenser, and vali/e659 carried by part 68, owing t0 the suction as Well as the spring l8O, immediately opens and fresh gas, for example, ammonia. gas, is drawn in above the piston. The operations described continue as the machine continues tooperate. The oil in the crank case is splashed by the mechanism, and if the level of the oil is low, is carried up on the parts 46 by the chain 90 and thoroughly lubricates all the moving parts. The `taper of parts 46 cause the oil to flow toward the eccentrics. A portion of that thrown upinto the cylinders not only lubricates the cylinder walls, but splashes into the piston and accumulating o n the plate 64, flows down the projecting ,drip part 86 and drops into the oil opening 87, lubricating the wrist pin and bearing. Some of the oil also drops from the parts and passes through the opening 35 andA be readily removed, and if this valve is re` moved, the valve 69 and the upper end of the piston is fully exposed. If part 68 and valve 69 are removed, the same being given a quarter of 4a turny and; lifted' out as described in assembling the same, the interior chamber 63 of the piston is-fully exposed, and if plate 64 is then removed, the upper ends of the crank or piston rods 50 and their bearing are exposed. 'By removing the bolts 55 and parts 54, the pistons Vmay be removed, through 'the top of the cylinders without taking the cylinders from the crank case or even opening the crank case. It will, therefore, be seen that the device is readily and conveniently accessible for adjustments or for inspection and Arepairs without removing the cylinders from the crank case or the pistons from the cylinders, and that any necessary adjustment, renewal on repair may be made without disturbing the pipe connections. This in itself is of considerable importance. @wing tothe water and air cooling, as well as perfect lubrication, there is never any danger of the comzll l have particularly mentioned the same as a compressor for refrigerator systems, and for Vcompressing ammonia gas` the essential as well' as the non-essential details make the same suitable for other uses.

Having thus described my invention, it is obvious that various inmaterial modiiications Amay be made in same without de;-

isc

by Let-ters Patent is l. In a device of the kind described and in combination, a crank case having'detachable end plates each provided with 'a sha-ft bearing, a cylinder having intake and discharge ports and detachably mounted on said crank case, a detachable cylinder head for said cylinder, a piston arranged in said cylinder, a shaft rotatably carried by said bearings, a. piston rod operatively connected with said piston and said shaft, said piston provided with a chamber therein open at each end and in communication with said intake port, a valve in the end adjacent the cylinder head, means for detachably securing said valve in place, a detachable spring held plate arranged t-ransversely across the piston at a point between the ends of the piston, and a valve arranged to prevent the admission of Huid into the cylinder through the discharge port.

2. In a compressor-of the kind described and in combination, a tubular piston provided with a port in the side Wal-l thereof, a plate arranged transversely of the piston at one side of Said Iport, a` valve member arranged at the other side of said port and opening outwardly, means for detachably re taining saidl valve on the piston, yieldable means intermediate said valve and plate for moving said valve to its open position and releasably holding said plate closed.

3. In a compressor of the kind described and in combination, a tubular piston provided witlra port in the side wall thereof, a detachable plate arranged transversely of the piston at one side of said port, a valve member arranged at the other side of said.; port, means for de-tachably retaining said valve on the piston, and yieldab-le means for controlling said valve and said plate.

4. In a. compressor of the kind described and in combination, a. tubular piston provided with ports in the side wall thereof, a

removable Iplate arranged transversely of the piston at one side of said ports, a valve member arranged at the other side of said ports and opening outwardly, means for retaining said valve on the piston and limiting the movement thereof, and yieldable means for moving said valve to its open posit-ion and also holding Said plate-in position.

5. In a device of the kind described and in combination, a tubular piston provided with ports in the side walls thereof, a plate extending transversely of the piston. at one side of said. portsa a valve extending transversely of the piston at the'other side of said ports, means for hmi-ting the opening'movement of said valve, means for normally valve and plate therefrom and Without re- 'moving said piston from its cylinder.

6. Inl a device of the kind described and in combination, a cylinder having intake and discharge ports, a piston reciprocatory in said cylinder and havmg a chamber therein in communication with said inta-ke port and provided with a. port through its head, a valve forclosing said last-mentioned port and extending into said chamber, means for normally yieldably maintaining said valve unseated to keep the port open, and means for preventing relative rotation between said valve and piston. v

7.r In a device of the kinddescribed and in combination, a cylinden having intake and discharge ports, a piston reciprocatory in said cylinder and having a chamber therein in communication with said 'intake port and provided with a port through its head, a valve for closing said last-mentionedv port and extending into said chamber, means for yieldably maintaining said valve unseated to keep the port open, and means for preventing relative rotation between said valve and piston, comprising a radial extension on one of said parts adapted to removably enter a recess provided in the other of said parts.

8. In a device of the kind described and in combination, a cylinder having intake and discharge ports, val piston reciprocatory in said cylinder and having a chamber therein in communication with said intake port and also provided with an opening leading from said chamber through the head end thereof, and formed with a valve seat at the head end f said opening, said opening counterbored l "provide an open channel at one side from t e chamber to the seat, and also counterbored to providea radial recess therein at the chamber, a valve slidable through said opening and adapted to seat on said valve seat, said valve. having a radial recess therein at its lower end, a pin in said recess adapted to e'iiter said radial recess of the piston to prevent relative rotation between the piston and valve, and a spring yieldingly pressing said pin radially outwardly.

9. In a. device of the kind described and in combination, a cylinder having intake and discharge ports, a piston slidable therein termediate said channels, a valve slidable in said openind and seating at the upper -end Athereof to c ose said channels and provided with a radial bore `therethrough at the lower end projecting into the chamber,` a pair of pins slidable in said bore and a spring between the opposed ends of said pins, whereby said pins will be yieldably pushed outwardly to engage in the radial recesses of the piston and prevent relative rotational movement between it and. said valve.

10. In a device of the kind described and in combination, a cylinder, a tubular piston having a chamber therein, a piston rod pivotally connected to said piston and having an aperture communicating with its bearing, and a plate arranged in said piston transversely of the lower'end of said chamber above said rod and provided with a depending projection thereon, whereby the lubricant splashed onto. said plate will be directed by said projection into said aperture at the piston rod bearing.

\ In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name in the presence 4oftwo subscribng Witnesses.

JAY e. HUNTER.V

Witnesses:

ROY W. HILL. CHARLES I. COBB.

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