US1443501A - Car-heating system - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 30, 1923.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 S, A. REEVE. CAR HEAT a Nc SYSTEM. F LED Nov. 6

Patented Jan. 30, 1923.

Um-insu.isfrAifr's-s ngre-NT:inserts 'Anims'ntioxiginea November s: 1920. smarriti-12eme."

sistem' '-uohmsnifdrim @mani 'distribution t rou l "A. lzrtherf-onject y1s tto so. :wm-ngev the controlling deves in 'a system of'thi's- :Shoractei'. that-when the systms operatednt. tmosphltnpressure the :radiator tem ersture 'mayvbeuthtaoffs'tsam at -atnios eric pressureiorllowerf in=accordancezw1tht e requirementnf the 'c'an for heet` -A: further object istoprvidefin a heating-fysbomfin which theJiowwf stealm to the radiator .is 'controlled by -zithermostat at the'outlet ofthe ifliatorivertain novel mi rangements whereby when -fthe' theunostat is lrontacted '=(or::otherwise tinactive las u. controlling -felsn1e|1t) the vulve associated therewithl permits 'steam to poss directly to suoh` tl'ieimostt, without 4first circulating through: the radiator, tl1ese`arrsngsmenfs permitting inflow tothe radiator to be shut off or ohecked'byfauy suitable vnlveyth'ermostatically o 'rated or other-Wise, which need not iteel be provided with thel short cirduiting means sometimes employed 'in the raiditor .valvesof vu-por heating systems trolling and: regulating Iory keeping-the foutletthemnostat warm said arrangement I alsoE "psnr'nitting fthe yr "outlet thermostataftoibe' set to' iexp'and i (oit'otliw wise flixifztionfv atie/'lowerI tem ture than thatY l of l'the ."dondnsatin u polnt of steinn',A GQ' wherebyf', s'vin `amd'ybe--eecteclV -nthe st'eamj'employedi: r keeping thefthemqstotfromfrfreoig at simil.1 :times :as {itrrsivesn`heating; ih edum .from'itlieurdmtot The 'nvsntioni-cnsistsin theo novialacom: Q62 strnetlogs errngijeni's: andI i combintions hs'goliz'nterf: descr-1 and f 'lamed ElfonicgzrQ rling outlthetalxre objects' umd suoli -2= 1ss Persnectrve ivieiviof the radiatoriinlet Valter: .@Eig.; 3: is' i i erspetimve maximums lower fue@ 'ofitlie yr iotoroutiet va-lveqfen: '.#Fm sfzsectioalieevution oils modi. 80 fied. ermio heating; systeme( having. a: lurality of independentitempe'raure contro ed radiators.

Like chraoters or remronce assi ,ce

'lilrepnrts in the several figures .of the y aw- 85 Us.` m'lWhil'e-- heating... systems for :buildings fana houses having 'Talitomtiotem nature controllhavjsbeen fai'rl isudces such systems whsmattempte -to be applied .to rail 90 way ca'rs hsvennet:withv :onlyi partial sud` cess, This lmsbeei`1 dudllargelyzto -theien-l tirely. gdierent conditions encountered' I; in" railway car l1'eatin'gsueh as suddnfmrio-i tionsin exterior tmporature oi wide range, due ,to 'alergia number' owell ikxioun" onses and '.ulso, lmcauseeo'iv` thsmecessty .of main'- tsii'ng tli'e temperatiirof lthefnudiab'nr outlot, that'. is, tl1e' lrpfpipe;fabnve freezing.` ln-tIwxlowf-,aressur sjftem'thi's oflzorir-r-` 1o`0 quiies tliewuilinissionrof :steam "to the cmrmliutor when the temperature conditions in the cardo 'not requiiexit.-In providing :1 heating system' having automatic car 'tem-A pemtureiregulationuitfbeoomes necessary, therefoxtevto'oonsider-not onl the' corintei'ior requirements rfbut also t 1e =oonditions on the exterior ofithecar.

In the: drawings; 10 mpresants'tne manenpip'e running from the-usual steam supply 110 temperature need Ionly be high enough to prevent freezin i Steam flows mto the radiator 29, the oondensate being forced out through the recesses 38 in the valve 36, untillthethermostatic element 46 expands sniciently toV partially close the valve33 fand 'partially open the valve 36. f In this position the system operates as the ordinary -vaporsystem` The steam by passing ontI of'fthe radiator tlrrougll'the port 37 and into the drip pipe' radiator.` 'This air mixes with the steam .in

the radiator a-dlowers` the temperature 'of the combined mixture'of steam'andzair to a point considerably4v :below i212 Fahrenheit andl acts to lower thegraterof-heat transferredl A'from :the radiator to .'the cnr.. L i

When .the Ear. item eraturegvfalls: belownormal,A the 'thermosta 46 'e 'andssli-ghtly| and places thevvlalvesi' sind 6 in their 4inY termediate positions andthe system' operetes asl an ordinary l'ow' prfssure system..

If thcdemandfor heat becomes a maximum,

the thermostat 46 contracts fsuiiiciently fito, `permit thevalve 36- to close, leavingonly' the passages '3S o :The substantial closing of the port 3 to the-discharge of steam mises the pressure in the radiator above atmospheric pressure `and consequently raises the temperature of the'rad'iatorabove 212 Fahrenheit. This increase'of the radiator temperatureabove 'normal serves to increase the rate of transfer of heat to the car and causes the system to respond morequicldy to the demand for heat.-

The employment of high temperature steam when the demand for' heat is maximum and of a low temperature mixture `of air and vapor when the demand for heat is minimum. permits a better temperature' regulation than could be obtained with a. heatingmedium of substantially. uniform temperature, -The faatc-tthat the thermo statlc element 25 acts preferably at some temperature below 212 Fahrenheit insures the presence within Acharnber'l of-some air mixedwith the steam. When the valve 33 is closed, as-the radiator condenses its contents of vapor, there is a tendency to draw 'steam from the chamber 15"past such valve (which tendency will be slight because there is only slight pressure difference on its two sides, as well as from the fact that it is con-,

structed to leal: as little as practicable) and also to cause a back flow of steam air mixture from chamber 18. This insures n. temperature within 'the radiator 4below 212 ahrenheit whenever valve 33 l may close suliiciently'to call for. it.V

But.it is to be recognizedthat even if thermostat 25 operates at 212 Fahrenheit, this action will occur to some degree,be cause chamber 18 andthe dischar end 'ot' the radiator are always open-to eatmosphare. Hence, whenever valve 33 closes sufficiently to prevent'a flow of steam into the radiator at-a'rate to oompensateor the condensation some air will .be drawn into and throu chamber 18. f f

In .fas I. havoc-illustrated a modiedform of eating system in which there are a Aplurality of 4ra.'liatois 5l, 52 controlled independently by thermostats 53, These radiators may be located in different parts Aor compartments of a car, andere controlled by the thermostatic conditions in the various parts of the car, at which it is desirableto locate the thermostata As many inde dent' radiators asneeessary may be provided, eachv radiator being supplied with` steam from a cent-ral c 5Ei.V The central 4:comprises c embers 56, 57 arid 58. headmission ofsteam-rom' the chamber 56 to `the chamber 57- is. controlled .bly the valve 59 actmated by the thermostatic nient located in the `mou`th of the drip pipe 61, -1 `This construction is similar to that illustrated inf-F' ..1 and need not ,heA om the chamber 57 further dcribed.; supply pipes '62; lead to thevarious valve casings 68.A The valve casngsY 63 are provided wjth radiator inlet ohambers' vaorinlet chambers 65 and discharge cham- 'ers .66. The valves' 67 and V68ers similar in construction and operation to those described in connection with Fig. l 'and control the admission of the Steam to and exit from the several radiators. "The operation of the thermostats 53, 54 in connection with their respective radiator valves is similar to that previously described. Return steam and water of condensation ass from the chambers 69 into the pipes 0 and thence to the -drip pipe 61,-these parts being :1i-- ranged to permit drainage by gravity.

'In general thesystem' shown in Fig. 4 operates like that shown `in Fig. 1 `with the exception that the radiators are controlled independentl It will be recognized, however, that with any ad`ustment or position ot thermostat 60 est lishng` :r pressure withmthe central chamber 5l' not ton far above atmospheric pressure` different posi tions of the Iindependent thermostats 53, 54 can and will establish different temperatures within their respective radiators. This, indeed1 is especiallyr the function of the modification shown in Fig. 4.

I claim:

-l. In combination, a car heating system capable of operating at atmospheric pressurehorntmhigheli piessre, anche thermo-n stat to automatilly:etl'ectthvcixange fnom the operation at the lower"pressureibo-'that :it the higherapressiure',and==ri vrs.

-' 2. In coinbiimtionfa earihetng system capable t of `vo rating 'at :atmospheric Y pressure or ata: gher andra, thermostat, :subjectfto fuc'tuetioa :n.the-'ten raturev of the `:iil'fifn` the curg 'to automatically sure, and vioezvers.

3. In combination, a edm-neming: stem.

cnpalle ofzoperntinzf to zpro'due a radiator tempemturevcorrespond'in to the'temperafv tureofnsteam nt irtm'o mditortemperatureea o'eo'r 'Be'lovv .that temperature'ij dndfia ltiermbsttito nutomnfticalty eect'lthe ehanae from oneIooera-tion 21B to the: other.

'4; flnv'combiuation; a car iating alstem` ciable of operating to pr'odtrceiner'n 'dtor t peinture 1 corresponding f' to: 'the :tem peaisclosed. anti' 'vi'ce verso., one i interposed bel the other between the-:'rdintor nnd"said therrnnsml'.,4 a'andi thermostaticnlly :aotuated 40I meansf for operating-saidfpilirof valves;

'-t.n Ina our heatl S'ysteni, the combinationW-ithu source 'ldlsuppljrr ofsteum, of'a radiator, u. vulve to control inllowtofthern- (Linton, `1:.-iiiermostut outside `of the car for actuating said valve, a. pair of valves, ono of`which'is openf-w'henthe other is closed, and viceversa, one`interposed Between the aforesaid -valve and radiator und the other between Ithe-radator 'and seid' thermostat;

and thermostatically actuated 'means subject to- Yfluctuiitions inA `the temperature .of the nir in the vour for operating said puineffect tlezchang ffrom the'ioperaton'it ther loner pressure-to--thatrntl the Ildher pres--A Memer means comprising a thermostat at said outlet for governing ini-low thereto, and menus actuated; by fluctuations -in the temperature of-the ear atmosphere which operates at high car'temperatmes to check inflow 4to the radiator and et'low cau' temperatures-to check outflow froml the radiator.

9. In a car yheatingsystem,xtheeomhination with.y a souroeo supply: of steam, -oaI radiator-having an Aoutlet. to the. atmos here, axvalve to control-'the ow to the ator,` arr-thermostat attheoutlet to attuate 4said valve-:means nciated withsaid valvewhereby,:wl1en the thermostat iS-contracted, eteamfis' allowed topass direetlyto-tl ther-t` mosttwithout through the radiator-,wand a secondV :valve located-betweenfsnid'rst namedV valve and'the frediator for checking@V inflow. tto the latter.` f

10. vIn a car heating system, the'colbina.- tion-with asource of Supply dit/eem, of a; radiator having ain-outlet to'fthe atmosphere, avxilve-tbrcontrol-theilow to the radiator', :r Vtherm ostnt at 1f the outlet ito notuate 'sd "alive, meal-sl associated with seid-valve whereby, 'when the thermostat is contracted, steam is allowed tof-.'pass; directlyfrto the therinostat without' circulanlthough-'fthe radiator,V 'zand uthet'mostatical-ll'y :actuated means located between snidw'ralve-ttndradiator -for checking nlowj'to;the` latter;

A 11a-1n a foarfheatin'g" syteln the'ooinbination with: e" sourde rofsupp'l-y ofsteamgof: w lndiatorhnving'an-outlet-'tolthe otni here, n. valve 'to control the ilowf-tofthera iator, n thermostata't the outletto'actuatesaid valve, .means 'associated nwith fsad valve whereby'whenthe thermostat is contracted, steam -is allowed 'to pass' direotly'to'the thermostat without circulating through the rad- 105 etor, and means actuated by fluctuations in the temperature of the air in the'cur com'- prising fu-valve arranged between the aforesaid valve and radiator for Checking inflow to the latter.

l2. Ina cor heating system, the-combina'- tion with a source of supply of Steam, of afradator having un outlet to the tatmosphero, a vnlveto control the How to'the'rudintor', a thermostat at the outlet to -aotuate 115 said valvewhi'ch functions at a temperature substantially lower than the condensation point of steam, means -controlled vby said thermostat and adopted, when the thermostat is cont-rooted. to allow swam to pass di- 120 rectly to thethermostut without cireuletingA through the radiator` nudmeims located be tween said vnl-rennt! radiator, for checking inflow to the latter.

13.' In a cnr heating` system. the combina 125 tionwlth u. source of supply of steam, of a radiator having an outletfto the atmosphere,

n valve to` control the flowto the radiator, a` thermostat at theV outlet to, actuate :said valve whichrunotions at a temperature sub- 1'3`o stantally lower than the condensation point of steam, insane associated with said valve whereby, whenthe thermostat is contracted, steam is allowed to passdirectly to the thermostat without circulating through the radiator, andmeans actuated by fluctuations in the temprature of the air in the var for checking inllcw to the radiator.

14. In a car heating system, the combination with a source of sup 1y of steam, of a radiator having an outlet a valve to control the flow to the 'ra tor, a thermostat at the outlet to nctuate said valve, means associated with said valve whereby, when the thermostat is contracted, steam is allowed to pass directl)r to the thermostat without circulating through the radiator, a pair of ,valves either-one of which is openwhen the other isvclcsed, one of which is located between the first nhmed 'valve andthe radiator and the other 'be- `tween the radiator and thermostat,.. and means for operetin said pair of valves.:`

1'5. In a "carheatmg system, the combina.- :tion with a. source of supply of steam, 'of a radiator having an outlet to the almos here, a-valve tocontrolV the flow to the ra iat/or a thermostat at the outlet to actuete=said valve, means associated with said valve whereby, when the thermostat is contracted, steam is allowed to pass directly to the ther- 'mosta't without circulating through the radiator,=a pairA of valves either one-ofi which -is c en when 'the other is closed, one of whic is located betweeni the first named valve-und the radiator and the other between the radiator and the thermostat, and thermostatically actuatedmeans. for operating said pair of valves.

16. In a car heating system, the combination with a source of supply of steam, of a radiator having an outlet to the utmos here, u valve to control the flow to -the ra iator, a thermostat at Vthe outlet to actuatc said 45 valve, means associated with said valve whereby, when the thermostat is contracted, steam is allowed to pass directly to `'the thermostat without circulating through the radiator, n pair of valves either one of which is open when the other is closed, one oi which is located between the first named valve and the radiator and the other between the radiator and thermostnujnnd thermostatically actuated means subject to finctuations in the temperature of the oir in the car for operating said pair of valves.

17. In a car heating system, the combination with a source of supply of steam, oi' a radiator having an outlet to the atmosphere, n valve to control the flow to the radiator, a thermostat et theoutlet to actuate said valve and beingr arranged so asK to function at a temperature substantially lower than the condensation point of steam. means associated with said valve whereby,

the atmos here, i

when the thermostat is contracted, steam is allowed to pessrdirectly to the thermostat wit-hout circulating through the radiator, a pair of valves either one of which isopen when the other is closed, one'o which is i0 located between the first namedavalve and Y the radiator and the other between the radiator :ind thermostat, 'and ,thermostatcall'y actuated means subject to uctuations in the temperature 4of the air in the car for operat- 75 mg said pair of valves. Y

8. In a cnr heat' system, the combination with a supply pipe 'carrying steam at :a relatively high rassure, cfa radiator, a valvevcontrolled a thermostat located so outside of the car lor supplying low pres-V sure steam fto said radiator,a second valve controlledby a. 4thermostat lccatedin'side the car connected with said.` radiator' for' governing the [low of steam through said radiator responsively to the ,temperature of the cai-,t1 means for returnin steam from the radiator A Y thermostat, and,means controlledjby the rst named thermostat 'for admitting steamdirectly from' saidV first 90 named valve -to said -rst named thermostat. f. A .19. In aiheting, ',scemlV V:fori railway cars, the combination wit a radiator in a cur,

and a ,-supply pipe 'carrying steam at .a

relatively high pressure-cf u. valvefcom nected wxth said supply pipe 'foi'..suppling :w: steam to said radiator, a hermostat unt iout the car: for controlling xsaidfval've,V means associated with said valve .for admitting steam directly 'to said thermostat when the 100 -same is below a certain'ztemperature, valves controlled vby a .thermostat4 in the car -for govermng the admission Aof steam tosaid radiator and for controlling the discharge of steam from' said radiator, and means for 105 conducting the steaniand condensate from` the radiator to said first nainedthermostat.

20. In a heating system for railway cars, the combination with a'radiator in a car n nd a supply pipe carrving steam at a relatively hig 1 pressure,'of a valve chamberto which said supply pipe is connected, a thermostat without the car, a valve in said chamber connected with said thermostat for controlling the admission of steam to said chamber, an auxiliary valve in said chamber and controlled by said thermostat foradmitting steam from said chamber to said thermostat, connections between said chamber and said radiator for supplying steam to the radiator, avalve -fcr controlling the supply of steam through said connections to the radiator, connections between the radiator and the thermostat for conducting the steam and condensate from the radiator 1;"5 to the thermostat, a valve for controlling the discharge of steam from the radiator through the connections between the radiutor andthe thermostat, and' means actua-ted responsively to the temperature in lthe car thereto, andv having a. controlling for operatin the last named two valves so thatone va. ve opens Vas the other valve closes 21. In 'a railway car heating stem, the combination with a'steam, suppy pipe, a radiator in the earand adrip pipe extending without the ear to which drip pipethe of said radiator is connected, of. a. cham r connecting said supply pipe and radiator, a valve for admitting Steamto said chamber, a thermostat iii-saidV drip pipe connected .with said valve for overning the admission of steam' to'said amber responsivelyto the temperature .in said drip pipe, an auxiliary valve controlled by said thermostat for. admitting steam-.in limited quantities from said Vcliniiiher directly to said dri pipe, to maintaintlie .temperature in said drip. pipe abovefifee'ing-s radiator valve for .admitting from-.said :chamber to said radiator, areti'xrnipipedralve'for roverning the.ilow ,fronirthe kradiator tosaid rip pipe, and a thermostatelocnted within the car for vgeiler-'ning saidfradiatavalve responsively to the .temperature lo thecar for substantially. closing: said; l return. l valve when the temperatureiilntliecar r below. normal, seas-.to m h ientarilyraise the temperature ofsaid r iatoiz4 i In a railway car-.heating system, the combination with namsupplypipe, a radiator .in the car andi'a dri pie `extending without the car to. .which drip pipetlie return :pipe of said radiator is connected, of a Avalve chamber connecting )said` supply, .pipe and radintor,l a.. va1ve;.in,said-.chainber for admitting `steam ..fi:on'isiaid}.supplyA pipe rod. passing through the-wa1l.of said chamber into said drppipe, a'thermostatv in .theoutlet end of said dripA pipe zconnected to said rod and adopted tooperate said valve to admit steam to said chamber respcnsively. to the temperature in the outlet Vend of sai-id drip pipe, Said rod .li'avi v passages ont therein adapted et n relative y [contempor-attire in said drip pipe to admit steam ,therethrough directlylo said drip pipe, a. radiator valve for admitting steam rom said chamber Vto said radiator, :i return cpipe vnlvegfor governing the fiow` to sai rippipe and a thermostat lociitedfwitliin the cui' or governing said radiator valve responsively to the temperature. of the car and for substantially closing said return pi e valve when the temperature in the car fa s below normal, so as to momentarily raise the temperature of said radiator.

23. In a railway can heating system, the combination with a steam supply pipe, :i radiator in the car and u drip pipe extending without the car to which drip pipe the return pipe of said radiator is connected, of n. chamber connecting said supply pipe and radiator, n valve for admitting steam to said i or E ',tui'irplpefvalve, saidretnrn pipe valve being provided `with n permanently open port of return chamber, a. thermostat in snid drip pipe confneeted with said valve for governing the adp pipeabove freezing, a radiator valves ,for-,admitting steam from said chamber to saidradiator, a return pipe valve for governing the flow from the radiator to said drip pipe, and a thermostat located within the car for governing said rndintor valve res onsitelyto the temperature of the car und ulating the opening through said resmall area..

..;24..4In aranway cariheating system, the

'combination witlna steam supply, pipe, a

radiatorin the carand a drip` pipe extending -iwithout the car to which drip pipe .the re- 'turn ipe'of-.said radiator is connected, of u.

chain er 'connecting' said supply pipe and radi'atonafralye for admitting `stezini :it reduced preure to said .chambeiya thermostat in said drip pi e connected with said valve *for-governing e admission of steam to said chamber responsivelyto the temperature in said dript ipe, an auxiliary valve controlled 'by' saidt ermostatfor admitting steam in limited quantities from said fh'nmber di- .rectly to said dripl pipe, to maintain the tempernture in seidA drip pipe above freezing, :i radiator vulve for admitting steam from said :chamber to said radiator, a thermostat in said cui: for controllingsaid vulve to admit steamto-sid-,radiator i'esponsively to temperature demands-,fand other means in udditionfto said radiator valveand also con- .trolled :by said second named thermostat Ladapted-by;its action to increase the tempor- -ature ofseiclv radiator when the temperature in saidcur falls below ueertuin limit.

.25.,In a railway cnr heating s'stem, tlucombination with a steam siipp pipe, n radiator Yinthe car and :i drip pipe extending without the caito which drip pipe the ipe of said radiator is connected, of n cham er connecting said supply pipe and radiatort a vulve for admitting steam nl substantially atmospheric pressure to snid chamber, a thermostat in said drip pipe connected with said valve for Vgoverning the admission of steam to said chamber responsively to the temperature in said drip pipe, an auxiliary valve controlled by said thurmostat for admitting steam in limited quinitities from said chamber directly to snid drip pipe, to maintain the temperature in said drip pipe above freezing, a radiator valve for admitting steam rom said chamber to said radiator` a thermostat in said mi' for Controlling said valve to admit steam t .said radiator' responsively to temperature demands, an.. essersi-'11.1. addition-'t0 Said "radiator ivalv,e .,ai 1d 'also controlled by: Said f Vsecond-nanied thermostat jor. increasing the 5 pressure in` said ,radiatprwlhenl'the car temperature falls siilistantially below. t normal. l

M26-lla wrlrarlsaa#cities SWP the .,cpmbintieii. with a demeurer ripe f radiator ieth serenita @er Pire-estenddus' wltheut the ear .te ,what der rae the gretnrn ipe of said raliiatDr'iscoDnected, of i scheur `er connecting said Vsupply pipe and Aradiator,:a valve for admittingsteaintire- ...dessi .rsaurs-w-Qsmdhmbf st tin drip pipefconnected with [said selve- .frsvtelfiisg the admissln ef` Steam `to said chamber responsively to the temperature in.; said dripnpipc, an auxilaty valve controlled by said 't ermostat for admitting steam in limitedfquantities from said charnber directly-v to said drip pipe, to maintain the temperature in said dripy pipe above freezinv, a radiator valve for admitting, steam trioin said chamber to said radiator, a thermostat in said car for controlling said valve to admit steam to said radiator responsively to temperature demands, and means controlled by said second-nained thermostat for admitting air into said radiator when the car temperature rises substantially above normal.

27. In a railway car heating system, the combination with a steam supply pipe, a radiator in the car and a drip pipe extending without the car to which drip pipe the return pipe of said radiator is connected, of u chamber connecting said supply pipe and radiator, a valve for admitting steam at reduced pressure to said chamber a thermostat in said drip pipe connected with said valve for governing the admission of steam to said chamber responsively to the temperature in said drip pipe, an auxiliary valve controlled by said thermostat for admitting steam in limited quantities from said chamber directly to said drip pipe, to

maintain the temperature in said drip pipe above freezing, a radiator valve for admitting steam from said chamber to said radito ator, a thermostat in said car for control ling said valve to admit steam to said radiator responsively to temperature demands, und means controlled by said second named thermostat for admitting nir to the radixitor when the car temperature rises sufficiently to cause the closing of said radiator valve.

2.8. In a railway car heating system, the combination with a steam supply pipe, a radiator in the car and a. drip pipe extending without the car to which drip pipe the return pipe of said radiator is connected, of n chamber connecting said supply pipe and radiator, :i valve for admitting steam to said chamber5 :i thermostat in said drip pipe .qonnectedmith valvefor l, :1,ov,ernii1 g the dmis's'ipn ofsteiin'i Lto said chamber responsaid drip pipe,'to maintain the temperature in said drip pipe abovezfre'ezing,' valves at th inlet' and. outlet endsbf said radiator and operativelyl connected together so tliat they 'emtelopimsteln 'raid s thermostat 'xvitlii'n t-lie ca'r for operating said 'izalvesI respo'ii'sively to temperature condicpiribination Awixtli a,stcun'supply7 pi e, a l liecaig and `adrip ipeesi ndinri out-side of' the car oil an etrli'amber connecting said supply pipe with said radiet-or, an adjacent outlet chamber connecting` the return pipe of said radiator with Said dripldppe, e valve in said inlet chamber for mitting steam from said suppl pipe thereto and havin a controlling ro passing through the wal of said chamber into said drip pipe, a thermostat in the outlet end of said drip pipe connected to said rod and adapted to operate said valve to admit steam to said chamber responsively to the'teinperature in the outlet end of said drip pipe, said i-od having passages cut therein adapted to connect said inlet chamber with said drip pi e for admitting steam directly thereto w en said thermostat reaches its maximum contraction, valves in said inlet and outlet chambers governing the admission to and exit from said radator, a valve rod connecting said valves, said valves being adapted to operate oppositely, and a thermostat located within the car for operating said lastnamed valves responsive v to temperature conditions in said car.

30. In a railway car heating system, the combination of a steam supply pipe, radisters in the car, a vapor regulator comprising a chamber in said car to which said suppl pi e is connected, a valve in said cham er or admitting steam thereto, a drip pipe connected with said chamber and exten ing outside of the car, a valve rod passing through said chamber into said drip pipe, a thermostat in said drip pipe for operating said valve responsiveljr to the temperature in said drip pipe, said valve rod having recesses therein adapted to adniit steam from said chamber to said drip pipe to maintain the temperature therein above freezing, valve casings oi' each of said radiators comprising inlet and outlet 125 chambers connected to the inlets and outlets, respectively, of said radiators, valves governing said inlets and outlets and having rods operativelv connecting the same, said vulves being adapted to operate oppo- 130 5 nectlng 4sztidfinlet clilhbei's with said impor 31. Ina'l'iating system for railway cars, in inlet chamber, a, discharge chamber' open 10 Vto the atmosphere containing a therin's't'm `a 'Yulx'fe opening. from s'aid inlet chambr'to sd discharge chamber and 'ctii'zlt'ed -said thermost.t, a rndiatorudischarging into said discharge chaib'e'rnzi ra- 32t In a heating system for railway cars,

VthisA combination of a steam pipe a radiator in ther-ar haring its discharge end open to the txnsphere, :1n inlet chamber connected with snd steam pipe, valves in said chamber for admitting steam to said chamber und from said cha'niber to they discharge end of said radiator, a. thermostat located outside the car controlling said valves so as to admit 10W pressure s'team to said inlet cha'rnber :ind to admit stealm to said rztrlitor discharge to prevent freezing,'in letancl discharge valves for said radiator, ztrid :in independent thermostat located in snicl cr for operating sul'cl ruditor valves responsircly to thc temperature conditions of the dar.

SIDNEY A. REEV'E.

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