US1442523A

US1442523A - Internal-combustion engine

Info

Publication number: US1442523A
Application number: US138703A
Authority: US
Inventors: Clifford S Goby
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1916-12-26
Filing date: 1916-12-26
Publication date: 1923-01-16
Anticipated expiration: 1940-01-16

Description

Jan., H6, 1923.

T E E H s s T E E. H S 2 a N m6 E9 .wl ml. 6 Om? GU B. C SwE CD CLD AE Nl.- Rl EF T N i MUM HIIIEI Parenteel am.; ie, ieee. 1,@295233 curr-ORD s. doar, or CLEVELAND, OHIO.

I .e INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE. ,I

Application ldd December 26, `1916. Serial No. 135,703.

To all/whom# may concern: j 1 In the accompanying sheet of drawings Be it known that I, CLIFFORD S. Gom',- a lwherein I have -shown the preferred enicitizen of the United States,r residing at bodiment of my invention, Fig. 1 isv a verti- Cleveland in the countykof Cuyahogaand cal longitudinal sectional view through one 5 State of hio, have invented a certain new cylinder of the engine; Fig. 2 is a top plan 60 anduseful Improvement in Internal-Comview of the four-cylinder engine embodying bustion Engines, of which the following i's my invention, parts being i'n section and a full, clear, and exact description. parts being removed to show the construc- This invention relates to improvements-in tion of the valves, their arrangement in the internal. combustion engines and has for its heads of the cylinders, the manner in which 65 object to provide an engine preferably of they are cooled and the actuating mechathe rotary valve type which is efficient, s1lent nism therefor; Fig. 3 is a partial sectional andotherwise satlsfactory in operation, comview on an enlarged scale showing particupact, durable, easily machined and assemlarly the details of the valve and Aof the bled. Iparts immediately surrounding the same; 70

A still further object is to so arrange a Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional View through rotary valve in the engine and to so conthe head of the cylinder liner; Fig. 5 is a Struct and assemble the parts which are aS- side elevation of the cylinder liner removed sociated with the valve and constituting the from the aluminum body or housing decasing or chamber therefor, "that the valve signed to receive it; Fig. 6 is a side View of 75 will run smoothly and with little friction, is the valve removed from the engine, portions effectively cooled andis not subjected to the being broken away; Fig. 7 is a detailed secintense heat of combustion, a'nd is not a-ftional view substantially along the line 7-7 fected by expansion or contraction due to of Fig..6; and Fig. 8 is a plan view of the temperature changes. two valve sectors removed. 80

More particularly, the invention aims to Referring now to the drawings, 10 rep` provide an engine having aecylinderliner resents the body or housing ofthe engine with an integral head forming the combuswhich can be designed to vvcontain one o r any tion chamber and `adapted to be inserted in desired number of cylinders. In Fig. 2 I

the main engine casting or housing which have shown a housing adapted for four cyl- 85 may be of aluminum, so as to form between inders, this housing being preferably an en the latter and the head of the liner an anbloc casting of aluminum. Into each cylnular space for the rotary valve. An adinder chamber of the housing 10 there is ditional specific object is to arrange for inserted acast iron liner 11, which is pressed cooling both the inner and outer walls of down into the housing until a flange 12 of 90 the chamber or annular space which rethe liner Seats on a shoulder 13 of the housceives the valve, and to support the valve ing. The liner is then secured in position at its upper and'lower ends on tapered surby a ring or nut 14 which is screwed onto the faces while the cylindrical portions of the lower part of the liner until it abuts the 40 valve proper run practically without con.- lower end of the housing, as sli/own in Fig. 1. 95 tact with either the inner or outer wall of The liner is provided with an integral the chamber, the valve 'being thus centered, head having an inner truncated conical wall and the tapered bearing surfaces as well as 15- which forms the combustion chamber 16, other elements embodied in or associated and in the upper end of which is screwed a with the valve forming an efective seal bushing 17 which receives the spark plug 17, 100

against leakage either longitudinally or cir- The head is provided also with an outer cumferentially of the valve.. cylindrical wall 18 which forms the inner/- 7 The above and other objects, advantages wall of the valve chamber. Between the and desirable features Aare attained by my

walls

15 and 18 there is a water jacketing invention which may be briefly summa`, space 19 and bridging this space and extend@ V105 rized as consisting in certain novel vdetailsV ing from'the inner combustion chamber outof construction jand combinations and 4arwardlythrough the wall 18, are admission rangements of parts which will be described ,and

exhaust passageways

20 and 21 which as in the specification and set forth in the aphere shown are arranged at an angle of '55 pended claims. about 125 with respect to each other. l ,M0

. presently.

The housing lO extends upwardly around the cylinder head just referred to, the portion above the flange' 12 being spaced from the cylinder head and forming the outer wall of the valve chamber. The housing is provided with a water jacketing space 22 which extends up substantially to the top of Ithel housing, and extending through the housng across this space is a gas inlet passageway 23 and an outlet or exhaust passageway 24 which extend toward or register with the inlet and

exhaust passageways

20 and 21 in the hea-d of the cylinder liner and are adapted to be placed in communication therewith by the rotary valve to be described As will be apparent from Fig. 2, the housing has one inlet passageway 23 for each pair of cylinders as each passageway 23 communicates with the inlet passageways in heads of two adjoining cylinders while the housing has a separate exhaust passageway 24 for each cylinder. It will be understood that the

passageways

23 and 24 will be connected respectively with inlet and exhaust manifolds.

In the annular space between the wall 18 of each cylinder head and the outer surrounding wall of the housing is a rotary cylindrical valve which controls the admission to and exhaust of gases from the cylinder, the valve having in its side walls two oppositely disposed

ports

25, 25, which successively place the inlet and

exhaust passageways

23 and 24 ofthe housing in communication with the combustion chamber of the cylinder head, the valve being rotated at such a speed that admission and exhaust take place at just the desired instants and in properly timed relationship with respect to the movement's of the piston which is shown at 26 in Fig. l.

The valve includes a cylindrical shell in the form of a valve body 27 and a packingv which in many respects is similar to that constituting the subject matter of my prior application Serial No. 47,953, filed August 30, 1915, patented July 24, 1917, No. 1,234,- 460. The valve body 27 while adapted to rotate between the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces of the liner head and housing, does not engage said cylindrical surfaces but is supported on and centered by two tapered surfaces at the top and bottom of the valve, one being shown at 28 and being the top of the ange 12 previously referred to, and the other being shown at 29 and located at the upper outer part of t-he liner head. be seen from Fig. 3 that between the cylinder head and the valve body is an annular clearance space. The tapered step bearing surfaces centralize or keep the valve concentric with respect to the axis of the cylinder, and they hold the valve in a position such that the clearance spacejust referred to may be maintained 'between rthe `cylinder-head and It will valve wit-hout liability of lateral movement between the 4valve and the cylinder-head. In the claims I do not limit myself to two of these tapered step bearings for practice 'has shown that very goodresults can be obt-ained with a single tapered step bearing, particularly when arranged at the top of the valve, so as to supportI the weight of the valve at the same time that it centralizes it.

The packing which surro-unds the valve body includes two sectors 30, each extending aboutl half-way around the valve body, sald sectors being pressed yieldingly outward against a liner 31 inthe upper part of the housing, by split spring rings 32 between the sectors and the valve body. These sectors are held against rotary movement relative to the valve body by lugs or other abutments 33 (see particularly Fig. 7), although they may otherwise move relative to t e valve body due to expansion or contraction or by any inequalitiesin t-he valve chamber,

it being observed from Fig. 3 that. there is-A normally a slight clearance space between the inner surfaces of the sectors and the valve body. These sectors or sector plates are provided with port openings which register with port openings formed in the valve body to form the

ports

25, 25, reviously referred to, and they are. provied also with longitudinally extendingigrooves 34 which prevent leakage of gas"circumferentially and distribute the lubricant evenly over the surfaces of the valve. The grooves also render the sectors more flexible in action.

For the purpose of preventing leakage of gasv longitudinally of the valve, the valve body is provided above and below the sectors with split spring rings 35 which engage the inner surface of the valve chamber liner 31. Additionally the upper part of the cylinder liner head is provided with grooves in which are seated split spring rings 36. These rings together with the tapered bearing surfaces form a very effective seal against leakage longitudinally of the valve. The

packing rings

35 and 36 preferably consist of spring channel shaped rings containing a suitable composition packing` suc-h as asbestos soaked in graphite.

The valve for each cylinder is provided at its upper end with a driving gear 37, the gear being preferably formed by cutting the teeth directly in the enlarged upper end of the valve body. Each gear meshes with the-gear of the adjoining valve forming a train which is driven b-y a pinion 38 which engages one of the larger gearsA and is secured to the upper end of a vertical shaft which extends downwardly and Ywill be driven by suitable mechanism from the crank shaft;

The upper part of the engine including' of the Yaluminum engine housing and is securely bolted both to the housing and to the several heads of the cylinder liners. It will abe observed that this cap is provided with a water jacketing space 41 which communi- Cates with the Water jacketing space 19 in the headV of each cylinder liner as shown in Fig. 3 and communicates also with the jacketing space 22 in the housing through triangular shaped openings 22a shown in Fig. 2. It may be stated at this point that there will be a good circulation of cooling medium through the upper part of the motor where the greatest heat is encountered, the circulation taking place through the housing surrounding the cylinders and liner heads, and also through the individual liner heads and upper cap 40. In addition to the water jacketing space 41 the cap 4() is provided with longitudinally extending lubricant passagewa-ys 42 which communicate with the several annular valve chambers so as to lubricate the gears and the bearing surfaces of the valves.

The cylinder liner construction as herein described has numerous advantages over the usual constructions as it permits any number of cylinders to be arranged en bloc giving extreme rigidity, characteristic of the all block casting designs, but without the numerous disadvantages of the cast block design wherein the cylinders are cast integral with the valve body. Heretofore the tendency has been to make the cylinder head detachable, this being done to facilitate machining and to permit the best arrangement of poppet valves. However, the detachable head requires the use of copperasbestos gaskets which must be fitted with great care to prevent leakage under the severe internal pressure during ignition.

YW'ith the rotary valve in the present construction arranged as herein shown and described, the head can bey cast integral with the liner and in consequence there is no possible danger of leakage where leakage with the det-achable heads has been prevalent.

It will be observed also, that substantially ideal cooling conditions are obtained. The head end of the engine carries an ample supply of water which effectively cools the parts where maximum Heat s encountered, including the walls about which the valves revolve, the water jacketingl space being so arranged that the valve body and the packing are maintained a-t a suitably low temperature. Not only is the valve very well cooled, but it will be observed that it is not subjected to the. direct flame' during explosion or combustion, and in fact the construction is such that the valve will run smoothly and very little power will be re- Additionally the short, straight, carefully designed passageways leading to and from the cylinder, and the amply large port areas are conducive to a maximum volumetric capacity and eiciency. A

The valve itself is extremely simple, thereA being an absence of numerous small parts, the valve and its packing being designed not only for simplicity of construction, and efficiency of operation, but ease of manufacture. The valve cannot stick or become seriously injured due to extreme heat 0r lack of lubrication, especially because the packing automatically accommodates vitself to any conditions of 'expansion and contraction, and it also automatically compensates for irregularities in the walls of t-he cham.- ber, or to variations in diameter due to wear. A

Vhile I have shown the preferred construction, I do not wish to be confined to the same as changes in details of construc tion or arrangement may occur to one skilled in the art, and I therefore aim in my claims to cover all modifications which do not involve a departure from the spirit and scope of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

l. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having 'at one end thereof, inner and outer cylindrical walls forming a valve chamber whoseaxis is coincident with the axis of the cylinder, a rotary open topped cylindrical valve in said chamber provided with an offset tapered end portion, and a tapered step bearingsurface carried by one of the walls of the valve chamber, and engaged by the tapered end portion of the valve.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having at the head thereof inner and outer spaced walls forming an annular chamber whose axis is vcoincident with the axis of the cylinder, said chamber having at the ends thereof tapered surfaces forming step bearings, and a rotary valve in said chamber and seated on said tapered surfaces.

3. In an internal combustion engine,a cylinder having at the head thereof inner and outer spaced walls forming an annular chamber whose axis is coincident with the axis of the cylinder, said chamber having at the ends thereof tapered surfaces forming step bearings, a rotary valve in said chamber and seated on said tapered surfaces, said valve having a packing for preventing leakage of gas.

4. In an internal combustion engine, a housing, a cylinder liner seated in the housing and having a head, the head being spaced from the surrounding portion of the housing forming an annular chamber whose axis is coincident with the axis of the cylinder, the head being provided, near the top and bottom of the chamber, with tapered surfaces, and a rotary cylindrical valve in said chamber and resting on said surfaces. i

5. In an internal combustion engine, a housing, a cylinder liner seated in the housing and having a head, the head being, spaced from the surrounding portion of the housing formlng an annular chamber whose.

axis is coincident with the axis of the cylinder, the head being provided, near the top and bottom of the chamber, with tapered surfaces, and a rotary cylindrical valve in said chamber and resting on said surfaces, and a gear at the end of the valve for rotating the same.

6. In an internal combustion engine, a housing, a cylinder liner seated in. the housing and having a head, the head being spaced 'from the surrounding portion of the housing forming an annular chamber whose axis is coincident with the axis of thecylf inder, the head being provided, near the vtop and bottom of the chamber, with tapered surfaces, and a rotary cylindrical valve in said chamber and resting on said surfaces, said valve comprising a valve body and packing surrounding the same for preventing leakage of gases. l

7. In an internal combustion engine, a cast metal housing having a cylinder opening and an internal shoulder between and at a distance from both ends of said opening, a cylinder liner seated in said opening and havin between its ends an external flange resting onsaid shoulder, and means for securing the liner and housing together.

8. An internal vcombustion engine having a housing with a cylinder opening, the upper .portion of which is of larger diameter than the lower portion and there being an internal shoulder betweenrsaid portions; a cylinder liner seated in the housing and ing forming with the surrounding wall of the housing a valve chamber, said liner having between its ends a flange resting on said shoulder of the housing and forming the base of the valve. chamber.

10. An internal combustion engine having a housing with a cylinder opening, the upper portion of which is of larger diameter than the lowerportion forming a shoulder, a cylinder liner seated in the .cylinder open- 'ing of the housing, the portion of said liner projecting above said shoulder of the housing forming with the surrounding wall of the housing a valve chamber, said liner having between its ends a flange engaging said shoulder of the housing and forming the base of the valve chamber, the upper surface of said flange being tapered.

l1. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having at the outer end thereof inner and outer cylindrical walls forming an annularvvalve chamber whose axis is co- Vincident with the axis of the cylinder, said chamber having at its upper end a tapered step bearing, and a rotary valve in the chamber in the form of an open ended cylinder, saidY valve being provided adjacent its upperv end with an offset tapered portion resting on said tapered step bearing. VIn testimony whereof, I hereunto aflix my signature. CLIFFORD S. GOBY.