US1441162A - Grinding art - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 2,1923.

J. H. MACARTNEY ET AL.

GRINDING ARTl FILED sPT.3,1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

deck Macaw g.

Cai

or if ri al orare JOI-IN H. MACARTNEY AND JACK MACABTNEY, 0F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

eanvnrive Aer.

Application filed September 3, 1913. Serial No. 252,482.

To all LU/tom it may conce/m.' l

Be it known that we, donn H. lilAoiiiifrNnif and JACK lvlacanfiniir, both citizens ot the United States, residing at lios Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State ot California, have invented and discovered new and useful Improvements in the Grinding Art, ot which the following is a specifica tion. l

This invention and discovery relates to the art of comminution, trituration and levigation, and includes a method and means adapted to reduction ot loose, broken materials to a required degree of lineness.

in object of this invention is to perform the required reduction, trituration or levigation with maximum ease and minimum ei;u pense, and in such a manner as to insure that the product of the triturating or levigating process shall be practically tree from particles of the apparatus by which the triturating or levigating operation is effected.

This invention and discovery relates to the formation and maintenance ot ti'it'urating, grinding or pulverizing surfaces, and also to the method whereby the reduction of the broken material is effected.

The discovery and invention is regarded as broadly new, primary and basic, in that centrifugal and other torces are combined in a practical manner to produce out ot brolien material of the character to be reduced, an instrument by which the power required for `the reductive worli, brought into operation under conditions effective to such reduction; and also in that the mode of effecting the grindinc` operation is such as to attain the desired' end oit constantly renewing and making most effective the grinding surfaces by which the reduction is to be accomplished,

W e have discovered that it is possible to 'produce out or loose broken matei'i l a rigid body constituting a practical grinder capable oi" cooperating with another grinder or another body to reduce to any desired degree of lineness, material of the character ot which the said broken material is criniposed, and that this may beaccoinplished by set ting up centrifugal torce through revolution of broken material 'at a requisite speed to generate sufficient centrifugal torce to hold thefinaterial outward subject to a restraining force operating continuously coaxial to the axis and normal to the yplane of rotationthereoic to form an annular fiat faced mass so that by a resolution oit forces 'the rigid `grinderis so formed out of the material that is supplied to be ground; and

4that by relatively rotating two of such by centrifugal torce, which also' effects the building up of an annular body composed oi the broken inaterialxand having a revolv- 'body ot' brokenmaterial is held friction tight y ingsurilace extending at right angles to the f axis of revolution. i

Where a plurality of such bodies are employed, a grinding operation may takeplace between opposing surfaces oit suoli bodies provided said bodies are non-synchronously rotated. l

By so arrangingthe peripheral restraining means so as to space the non-synchronously revolving bodies a distance apart, a

peripheral discharge ywill be produced consisting oi" comminuted material having a `lineness determinedby the separating space and also by the relative rotative speeds.

An object is to minimize the wear upon such mechanical means as may be employed to apply power to the work oifreducing the y broken inateri al to' the'required linenes.

` Other objects, advantages and features of invention 'and discovery, may appear `trom the accompanying drawing, `the subjoined i detail description and appended claims.

The new method of pulverizing may be carried out in various ways; and various means and diiiierent forms of apparatus may be employed to that end.

For the purpose of describing the saine, referente is made to the accompanying drawings in which, l

Figure l; is an elevation in section online al `Fig. 2, intended to illustrate the carrying on of thc operations involved where two grinders are formed and caused. to coact.

Fig. 2A .is a view at right angles to Fig. l, as indicated by line azz-iii saidliig. 1. Parts are broken 'away to expose interior construction.

Fig.l Fig. 2, grinding. Y y f lll/ve' havey discovered that by a. relative 3 is an enlargeddetail fragment of with liner material in the process of iio regulated supplying oli, and setting` up centriiugal torce within. the separate units o adapted to form an annular mass 7) olf broken loose material ot the character to be reduced to a greater tineness, and pe-A ripherally coifitining` the m in direct opposition to the operation oit said centrifugal torce upon such units so as to gire a de'i'iuite cylindrical form to the annular mass, we are able to produce a practically rigid and solid body having a flat continuous grinding surface c and also hai/'ing a centrally located cavity d; and that by feeding broken inaterial as at e, for further reductiona and tor renewing and maintaining the grinding surface; a reduction is eliiected with surdi cient speed and effectiveness; said flat tace being brought into opposition to a corresponding facecorrespondingly formed tor the purpose of effecting the grinding.

ldlc have also discovered that upon opposing tivo ot such flat grinding surfaces to each other, as at c c. within two containers l. 2, spaced apart a requisite slight distance, and supplying loose material ot the same character to the cavity or chamber (Z formed within said containers at a distance inter nally, from the periphery ot the mass7 such supplied material will constantly renew both annular flat grinding surfaces thus constituted7 as well as supply material to produce the requisite product; with maximized cpeed and minimized enpemliture olf power.

The size of the interior chamber into which the t'resh broken material may be fed will enlarge or diminish according to the relative speeds of feeding and grinding. lncreasing the feed, decreases the cavity, and vice versa it the speed of the grinders remain constant.

@ur new method ot grinding or crushing loose or broken material includes utilizing a regulated teeihcentritugal torce and a torce counter thereto to gather such niaterial into, and hold such material in, a mass or masses tlat faced and annular subjected to the rotative action by which the requisite centrifugal torce is generated. stood by reference to the drawings in which l, 9., indicate hollow rotating heads containing masses l), 7i. of broken material, the separate units d., ou which are sulriect to the action of centrifugal *force through the revolution ot the masses l1, l2. przu'tically about a, common locus wi bin the field or fields of revolution. The heads are shown asbeing revolved on axes et, 5, that are eccentrioto each other, so that the grinding faceswill be relatively oscillated as well as relatively revolved. The regulated feed is indicated by the annular iorm of the masses.

The restraining or intercepting liorce which is opposed to the centrifugal force may be a component of any character effective to that end, and is indicated by the an- This may be under` Lari-idee nular rim walls (i, 7, by which it is understood the 'terms oli the grinding surfaces `will he determined. lllach surface will vary in 'form and shape depending upon the speed et revolution of the mass or masses constitutii g such surface or surfaces. and said indingl surfaces at c. o, o'li the two revolving bodies 7i. oit broken material will be eX tended approximately equidistanti 'from a niedial plane between the revolving bodies ot material. The opposing Yfaces 8, 9, of' the rim walls 6. 7, are spaced apart according to the lineness ot product desired.

The peripheral restraining means represented by the rim walls may be oli any suitable character adapted to hold the material in opposition to the centritugal l'orces set up in the two annular bodies respectively.

The two masses lo, b, are so placed that their grinding surfaces cooperate to grind the material supplied to the interposed cavity or el'iamber within them.

ln the drawing, the masses are shown revolving on or about a horizontal'axis indicated at 3, and conveyor means comprising a tubular shaft 10, and a screw conveyor ll., which elements are means indicated tor the purpose of su pplying material :lroin a hopper l2, to a central port 13, which located at or about the medial plane o't revolution so that thematerial that is led into the chamber while said containbeing` revolved in opposite directions., will tale on motion immediately; whereby the broken i'naterial is put into a revolving state in two annular masses, the constituents ot which brought under control oi' centrifugal Yforces that voperate at rightangles to 'the airis of revolution, with the result that n'iaterial beine' supplied to the interior oi" the chamber lormed by the two containers Vtorms the oppositely rotating annular contacting vfaces that become triturated and ground by the action oifthe rigid masses oit material and the interposed loose units upon each other, and to torni the central leed chamber.

rlhe material being thus delivered at the medial plane or the meeting plane between the two grinding faces thus formed, at once serves to augment the grinding faces, and the innermost material will apply itoree to the pieces or separate units olf material nearer the periphery to drive them directly outward; and, also. by the resolution olt torresg to drive suclivpieces or units :from one side` ol the medial plane towards the mass on the other side ol' such medial plane, and vice versa; so that the centrifugal force not only acts to provide a practically solid and rigid grinding surface, but it also acts to cause the surfaces to deviate 'from a direction at right angles to the axis, so that at the medial plane near vthe periphery there isgrmding not only of' the surfaces formed by the peripherz-illy restrained, centrifugallyv inipelled, pieces, but there also caused a grinding` action of piece upon piece at the medial plane.

The peripheral restraining means shown, are in the form of annuli, fixed by webs. 14, l5, to the shafts el, 5, by which they are revolved.

Said webs form `enel walls to restrain the material from displacement in directions parallel to the axis.y of revolution and are spaced apart from the plane of the opposite faces of the rim wallslsuiiiciently to provide the cavity necessary to accommodate the requisite grinding body or mass.

.ln the drawings the operation `is indicated as being performed in such manner that the centrifugal lines of force act in vertical planes thereby causing that distribution of the gravity fed material within the chamber or cavity inside the revolving bodies or masses, to occur without gravitational deflection from one to the other sideof the meeting or medial plane where the pulverikzation is effected. Thus the chamber 'formed within the mass contained Within the adjacent containers, and the distribution of the material to the field where it is given the rotary motion by which centrifugal force is generated and applied to bring the material into a rigid and practically solid form and to impose upon the inass the character of solidity, is made symmetrical and the operation is conducted with all the elements in proper balance.

The discharge of the line product thus also occurs in a vertical plane all around the riiu walls and such product may be collected by a housing 16, `and therefrom' is gravitationally dischargedthrough the bottom outlet 17, into any receiver, not shown.

By thus impelling under centrifugal force masses of broken material to be pulverized, and restraining such material at a distance from the center of impulsion to form relatively revol. ing rigid bodies having opposed grinding surfaces within containers the opposed rim walls of which are spaced apart to allow discharge of fine inaterial only between the outer rims of such grinding surfaces vand their containers, the

grinding is effected without attrition upon the apparatus by the material to be ground;

`and by .imposing upon the two bodies of material, fields of revolution that are eccentric to each other, a criss-cross rnblning effect is secured so as to avoid scoring effects.

iles the separate units are thus acted` upon by centrifugal force they are caused to revolve or rotate more or .less upon their individual center or centers of gravity, thus to facilitate disintegration and pulverization.

By revolving the masses of broken material about a horizontal axis and feeding fresh broken .material that is to be pulverized or reduced, centrallyy into said chamber,

are represented as consisting of brolren roelr` of an average size as may be desired in reduction of ore, paint, clay or stone for any purpose requiring the material to be ground.

lullig. 3 the units a have been reducedr to a much greater lineness. J

The product is indicated at 18 and may in the nature of line dust if the grinding is done dry or in the nature of suspensions if the grinding is done wet. 2

' The speed of` revolution-imist be such to generate the requisite centrifugal force.

Otherwise the work will not be effective'.

' il speed of from about 800 to`vl200 revolutions more or less per minute is'found to be effective, and the speed of the feed will be made to correspond thereto, due consider.- tion being given to the character of the material so as to. form theannular grinding surfaces according to the principles herein'before set forth.

lille claims# f il. rlhe inethod y.of pulverizing material, which consists in impelling under `centrifugal force masses rof broken material to be pnlverizeihrand restraining` such material at a distance from the center of impulsionto form relatively revolving circular rigid bodiesliaving continuously opposed grinding surfaees'and allowing` the discharge of line material only between the oiilter rims of such surfaces.y and supplying freshv material to said grinding surfaces at the point of contact between such bodies.

2. ln the art of pulveriiaing material the method of forming a disc grinder rvliich consists in impelling under centrifugal force masses of broken material to be pulverized, and restrainingsuch material at a distance from 'the center of impulsion to form a revolving circular rigid body having its grinding` surface continuously in a plane perpendicular to its of rotation, and supplying Afresh material at the arial center ofthe medial plane `of said grinding siii'-` face.

3. The method of grinding or crushing loose or broken material by utilizing cen- 'trifuofal force and a force normal thereto to gather such material into and to hold it into annular' mass and causing the material of one annular mass to continuously grind against the material of another similar mass, and supplying fresh material at the axial center of the medial plane of said annular masses.

4. The method of forming broken or loose material into a grinder which consists in subjecting such material to the actionv of centrifugal force within a revolving. peripheral restrainer, and bringing a plurality of such grinders into contact with each other while revolving so as to form a continuous grinding surface, and supplying fresh material at the axial center of the medial. plane of said grinding surface.

5. rllhe method of forming grinding apparatus out of loose or broken rock or other material by subjecting such material to the action of centrifugal force and a force normal tiereto, forming a plurality of rigid masses, and bringing a plurality of such masses into contact with each whilel each is revolving on its own axis; so that such roei; or other material will be ground or crushed by action of component units of one of such masses upon component units of another of such masses and thereby form a continuous grinding surface between said masses, and supplying fresh material at the axial center of the medial pla-ne of said rotating masses.

6. The method of grinding material substantially set forth which comprises subjecting two masses of said material to the action of centrifugal force, rest-raining said material in such a manner that each of said masses forms a separate, continuous grinding surface, said two masses being so placed that their grinding surfaces cooperate to grind the material therebetween and snpplying fresh material to such masses at their grinding surfaces.

7. The method set forth of grinding material which consists in revolving two peripherally restrained masses of broken mateial about a common axis, the axis of revolution of each mass being horizontal, andthereby generating suliicient centrifugal force to form said bodies respectively into annular grinders; spacing the adjacent faces of the grinders apart to allow fine material to pass out at the rim; and causing fresh broken material to pass to the bodies at the medial plane between such bodies.

S. The method set forth of grinding loose or broken material which consists in holding such loose or broken material by means of centrifugal force within two opposite revolving containers in such a manner that for all practical purposes a continual grinding action takes place between the two masses of such material itself and not be- -tween such masses of material and their respective containers, and supplying `fresh broken material to said masses at ythe axial center of the medial plane of the rotating masses.

9. rlhe method substantially set forth of holding loose or broken peripherally restrained material in place by centrifugal force so thaty such loose or broken material may be continuously ground against a similar mass of said material held in like manner so that neither mass has any grinding action upon its respective container and supplying fresh material to said masses at the axial center of the medial plane of said revolving masses.

10. 'lhe method set forth of grinding loose or broken material within opposed containers in which the material to beground is held in place within such containers by ccntrifugal force in such manner ythat such material forms a protective lining for such containers and by the action of such centrifugal force such material is gathered and formed into crushing or grinding masses having annular faces which continuously act upon each other to crush or grind such material and supplying fresh materialto said masses at the axial center of the medial plane of said grinding masses.

ll. The method of pulveriaing material, which consists in impelling under centrifugal force broken material to be pulverized, res raining said material at a distance from the center of impulsion into annular masses to form said masses respectively into continuous annular grinders; supplying fresh broken material at the axial center' of the medial plane between said masses and allowing the discharge of the pulverizcd material only between the outer rims of the restraining means.

12,'The method of grinding material,

which consists of forming by entrifugal force two oppositely revolving masses of the material to be ground, which server as continuous grinders; supplying fresh material. to said grinders at' the axial center ofthe medial plane of said masses, and allowing ground material only to peripherally pass out between said masses.

ln witness whereof, 'we have hereunto set our hands at Los Angeles, California, this 10th day of August, '1918.

JOHN H. MACARTNEY. JACK ItACAlRTNEY, lVitness:

Janus R. TowNsnxn.

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