US1435401A - Method of making cast containers - Google Patents

Description

J. G. LEHMAN. METHOD OF MAKING CAST CONTAINERS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. IZ, I920.

Patented NW. 14, 1922;

Patented Nov. 14, 1922.

JOHN GEORGE LEHMAN, F BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO BETHLEHEM FOUNDRY & MACHINE COMPANY, OF BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORA- TION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

METHOD OF MAKING CAST CONTAINERS.

Application filed February 12, 1920. Serial- No. 358,288.

T 0 all whom. it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN GEORGE LEH- MAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at 224 E. Market Street, Bethlehem, in the countyof Northampton and State of Pennsylvania, have invented acertain new and useful Method of Making Cast Containers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to kettles or other containers, in which heat treatment is to be be carried out.

The main purpose of my invention is to provide interior channels within the kettle walls at reasonably uniform spaces therein.

A further purpose is to provide a coiled pipe with uniting devices between the coils preparatory to casting metal about the pipe.

A further purpose is to unite coils of pipe with mold parts in order to control the posi-' tion of the pipe within the casting and to strengthen the wall both by the pipe and by the control means.

A further purpose is to intimately connect the coils of pipe and the surrounding cast metal, with theobject of transferring as large a percentage as possible of the heat from fluid in the pipes into the kettle contents.

A further purpose is to weld a pipe within a kettle wallto the metal of the wall throughout substantially the entire contour of the pipe.-

A further purpose is to anchor the pipe with respect to the walls of the casting, preliminary topouring the metal thereof by anchors separate from the connectors.

My invention relates to the kettle itself, to the structure utilized in the casting operation, and to the methods involved.

Further purposes are to weld, tie or otherwise unite adjoining pipe turns and to secure the uniting studs, called spuds or bonds or the pipe itself to or through the mold at intervals, anchoring the pipe with respect to the walls of the casting.

Further purposes will appear in the specification and in the claims.

I have preferred to'illustrate my process and apparatus by a few only of the apparatus forms in which it may be practiced, illustrating different advantages and functions of the parts to differing degrees.

Figure 1 is a top plan viewof a kettle or pot containing a coil of pipe cast therein by my method.

Figure 2 is avertical section, partly in elevation of Figure 1 upon line 2-2.

Figure 3 is a top plan view of a coil or spiral intended for a shallow pan embodying my invention.

Figure 4c is a side elevation of a coil like that in Figure 3, but having terminals for use as the bottom of a kettle.

Figure 5 is a top plan view of a serpen tine coil such as may be used to lie within a flat bottom or fiat-sided wall ormay be bent to lie within a curved wall. I

Figures'6, 7 and 8 are broken enlarged sections showing different separating and fastening devlces and thelr anchorages. Slmllar numerals indlcate like parts.

This application is a continuation in part passages within the shell of the kettle or pot and considerable difficulty has been experienced in casting pipe (by which I mean to include passage linings generally. which are distinct from. the metalcast about them) within those walls so as to provide for proper flow therethru. It is comparatively easy to bend the pipe to the shape desired but as soon as the molten metal is poured'upon the bent or coiled pipe the latter is distorted by reason of the sudden expansion taking place, not .only altering the shape of the coil or bend but also its position with respect to the mold.

In consequence of this an excessive thlckness of wall has been required for the kettle or pot to provide for this movement of the coil and. notwithstanding thls, the coil has tended to rock and shift to such anextent as to lie too near the surface at points, nterrupting the cast finish of the kettle or 1ncure the coils at preferably uniform distance.

terfering with an intended finishing cut and causing it to heat irregularly and uncertainly. V

In my process of casting I unite adjoining coils or bends of pipe by spuds or ties which prevent excessive movement between coils or bends, though, of course, accommodating-the necessary expansion. I may in addition sefrom the wall which it is most desired to protect-normally the inner wall-by anchors passing through what becomes the opposite wall in the finished kettle. These anchors are most conveniently secured to the spuds or ties rather than to the pipe sections themselves. Where the pipe lies close to the finished inner wall this construction also avoids possible projection of the anchor thru the skin of the casting.

By welding the metal of the castkettle walls to the pipe, I secure an intimacy of contact which results in a veryhigh elliciency of heat transfer between.

In Figures 1 and 2 I have illustrated a kettle 10 made up of a coil of pipe shown as having inlet 11, outlet 12, and intervening spirals 13, 14c. The'spiral 13 is of helical form and the spiral 14 may be of any combination of helical and flat spirals or, where a flat bottom is desired, of purely fiat form.

The coil is cast within the wall of the kettle and my process and apparatus concern the preparation for this casting, the casting itself and the finished product secured.

As it is quite desirable in most cases to preserve the skin of the casting upon the interior of the kettle, the interior surface 15 is preferably not tool finished; though this may be done, if desired. The preservation of the skin of the casting upon the exterior surface 16 is not so important, though it also is usually not disturbed by a machine cut.

After the pipe has been bent to the required spiral or other shape, I unite its coils or bends for the several purposes of prevent ing sagging, because of their weight, to restrict excessive or disproportionate expansion either radially or axially with respect .to the kettle on accountof the heat of the also, while accommodating expansion maintain the spacing of the coils when the molten metal tends to spread them.

Prior to casting in this first form as well as in the other forms of my invention illustrated, I very much prefer to pickle the pipe, in order topermit muchmore intimate contact of the final metal of the casting with the pipe, than would otherwise result. This causes the molten metal to form a weld with the pipe, greatly increasing the heat conductivity between and the strength.

Though there is not'the same heat-transfer desirability of intimate weld contact of the cast metal and the spuds, or other ties or spacers used, as with the pipe coils, in practical operation the pickling is done with the ties or spacers in place, securing greater strength. v

In Figures 3 and 4 the same method described in connection with Figures 1 and 2 is applied to a nearly conical spiral which in Figure 3 is intended for casting within a comparatively shallow pan and in Figure 4 is given a vertical inletll' for casting within a separable bottom (of which the cast metal is dotted about it) for a large kettle. The two spirals are the same except for the d'irec-' tion of inlet connection.

In F igure. 5 the same method of attachment of adjoining 'pipe sections is applied to a serpentine section 18 normally intended to lie in a single plane or capable of con- 1 forming to a cylinder or other figure.

The location of the walls of the kettle with respect to the coil of pipe is well shown in Figure 6.

In addition, Figure 6 shows another dc sirable feature of my invention in that I anchor the coils of pipe thru the mold and are secured within the strips 21, by nuts 23.1 They may anchor occasional connections on y. p

These anchorages are normally supported and held upon the outside for two reasons. The inside wall is the one primarily to be protected, making it desirable to prevent the pipe from approaching the inside wall 15 of the kettle closer than a predetermined distance set by the anchors: also the passage of the anchors through the wall on the side upon which they are supported would, otherwise, damage the inner wall. After the. casting is completed the projecting ends of the anchors are cut off leaving the stub ends exposed. This would be objectionableon the inside of the kettle or pot because of the effect of the exposed metal upon the contents of the kettle.

It will be noted that the passage of the V hooks thru the mold wall and thruthe sup- GXCGSSIVG movement Of porting strips 21 has a tendency to prevent the pipe up and down. r

In Figure 7 the coils of pipe are not united as in Figure 6 but are held against undue movement toward the interior wall 15 and toward each other by preferably cast iron separator blocks 24 which engage with the' adjoining surfaces 25 of the pipe coils and prevent radial movement of the pipe at the same time that they exert some restraint laterally with respect to the anchors 20' by reason of the passage of these anchors thruthe mold and thru any desired limiting supporting plates. They extend to the leftbeyond the pipe centers.

The bolts are here shown as separate from the blocks and as provided with heads 26 fitting within recesses in the blocks.

In the form shown in Figures 1 to 6, spuds hold the coils of pipe in position ini-' tially, separating them against collapse when placed in the mold and at the same time limiting the separation of the adjoining coils by their firm hold upon the coils.

Spot welding has proved quite effective, giving sufficient strength for the purpose, though I contemplate using whatever method may be required in a particular case to give firm union.

The location of the spuds between the coils, as distinguished from inside or outside of the coils, enables me to cast a thinner wall and the individual connections thus supplied form each pair of coils into an effective spiral beam, substantially free frominitial stresses and, because of the connections used separate from those uniting with the next coil, unaffected by the stresses or position of the restof the structure, yet all combining to provide a maximum of stren h with a minimum of material.

In igure 7 the separator blocks perform a similar initial separating function but offer little restriction against expansion of the coil axially of the kettle when the hot metal is poured upon the coil. Here again, the spacing devices 24: maybe confined wholly to the portion of the wall between the pipes.

In Figure 8 the ties 27 unite adjoining coil sections against'se aration but offer little support against col apse of'the coil sections when they are initially placed within the mold. Though I do not regard the twisting as of great importance it is desirable to twist the ties together orat least to cross them as shown at 28; and this twisting or crossing facilitates the engagement of the ties by anchoring hooks 20. In this form.

also, the ties are in effect individual, even though the wire used be extended to form other connections between coils above and below a particular pair under consideration; and the use of wire, with its high tensile strength gives aminimum of extra width on each'side of the pipe-toward the inner and outer walls. v I

In all of the forms, the fastenings 20 are or may be individual to the single connec- 'tionto which they are attached, capable of eration.

In the form shown in Figures 16,* it

will be noted that'the cross section of the pipe itself forms part of the reinforcing structure considered transversely of the coil length and parallel to the outer and inner walls.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Let-I ters Patent is: 1. The method of controlling the position of coils or bends of pipe adapted to lie within thewalls of a container cast about them against lateral movement with respect to the wall during the pouring of the metal which consists in anchoringthe turns or bends laterally to and through the wall at intermediate points between the limiting bends and in casting the metal about the coils or bends as so anchored. j y 2. The method of forming vessels of cast metal about coils or bends. of a pipe while maintaining the position of the coils or bends which consists in maintaining adjoining coils or bends against undue movement toward or awayfrom each other and at the same time anchoring them laterally at points between the limiting coils or bends'and in caiting the metal about-the pipe while so he d.

3. The method of forming vessels of cast hot metal about a plurality ofturns of spiraled pipe which consists in securing adjoining bends or turns against excessive movement toward or away from each other, in placing the pipe so secured within a mold, in anchoring the turns orbends laterally through the mold at intermediate points against excessive movement transversely to the spiral formed and in pouring the metal about the pipe so anchored and'secured.

'4. The method of forming vessels of cast metal containing within their walls coiled pipe, which comprises attaching connectors between adjoining coils of the pipe by fused metal to the facing surfaces of the coils to prevent undue separation thereof While the metal is cast about the pipe and about the securing means and subsequently casting the walls of the vessel about the pipe. 5

5. The method of forming thin-Walled I vessels of cast metal containing within their walls coiled pipe, which comprises separating the adjoining pipe turns by spacers -which substantially maintain the distance betweenthem and which lie wholly between the pipe turns, uniting the. spacers to the pipe by fused metal and casting the metal about the pipe while so separated and the agalnst excessive movement by means secured to the facing walls of the turns at intervals within the intended vessel wall, leaving the lateral faces of the turns free,

' pickling the pipe, placing the pipe so secured within a mold and pouring the metal about the turns into welding contact therewith.

7. The method of forming vessels of cast metal containing within'their walls coiled pipe, which comprises fusing connectors to the facing walls of the turns at intervals within the vessel walls as intended to hold the turns against excessive movement, placing the pipe so secured within a mold, anchoring the turns laterally to the mold and pouring the metal into the mold.

8. The method of forming vessels of cast metal containing coils of pipe and strengthening themthereby, which consists in securing adjoining turns of the pipe by connections within the intended walls having tensile strength greater than that of the metal to be cast and extending substantially in'line with the line of pipe centers and casting the metal about the pipe.

9. The method of forming vessels of cast metal containing coiled pipe which consists in interspersing between the coils connections having greater resistance to fracture than that of the metal to be cast located directly in line between the coils, and in casting the metal about the coils.

10. The method of increasing the efficiency of heat transmission between a pipe within the walls of a cast metal container and the cast metal which consists in pickling the pipe and subsequently pouring the metal into welding contact with the pipe.

11. The method of forming vessels of cast metal having coiled pipe therein which consists in pickling the pipe to get better mechanical and thermal union with the cast metal and holding the pipe against movefacture, a coiled or bent pipe in comb-ination with spuds rigidly separating the pipe and united to the facing surfaces of the coils or bends to prevent further separation.

13. As an intermediate article of manufacture, a coiled or bent pipe having successive coils or bends rigidly held apart by means confined to the space between adjoining coils or bends to revent collapse and united to prevent expansion of each coil or bend with respect to the adjoining one.

14. A mold,'a coil of pipe within the mold having a lurality of turns, securing means for retaining turns of the coil to one another against separation and anchors passing through the mold transversely to the direction of the securing means, anchored outside of the mold and retaining the pipe against transverse movement in one direction-with respect to the pipe.

15. A mold, a helical coil of pipe therein defining the shape of a vessel, restraining devices securing the turns of the coil to one another against movement axially of the helix and anchors passing through the mold transversely to the walls of the vessel and holding the helix against excessive radial movement.

16. A mold, a helical coil of pipe within the mold and securing devices restraining the coils of the helix against excessive movement axially of the helix.

17. A mold, a helical coil of pipe within the mold, and securing-devices restraining the coils of the helix against excessive movement axially of the helix in either direction...

18. A mold, supporting strips outside of the mold, a helical coil of pipe within the mold, securing devices restraining the coils of the helix against excessive movement axially of the helix in either direction and anchors passing through the mold, engaging the securing devices at one end and the coil against inward radial-movement.

19. A mold, a helical coil of pipe within the mold, securing devices stronger than the cast metal by which it is to be surrounded, restraining the helix from axial movement and extending into the space between the strips at the other and holding the helical turns of the helix and molten metal filling the remainder of the mold,

JOHN GEORGE LEHMAN.

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